{"title":"Optical Nonlinearities of Composite Materials","authors":"D. Ricard, F. Hache, P. Roussignol, C. Flytzanis","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tud4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tud4","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of promising applications of nonlinear optics in the optoelectronics field depends on the availability of nonlinear materials possessing a large and fast nonlinear response. Research in this domain was for many years concentrated on homogeneous media, both inorganic and organic. Recently however, a few groups have studied the new properties originating from heterogeneous composite materials. Two processes may make them very attractive : local field correction and carrier confinement. We have, for example, investigated the nonlinear properties of metal colloïds (gold and silver) , whose linear properties had been extensively studied previously. Near the surface plasma resonance, their nonlinear response shows a dramatic enhancement. It is very fast (subpicosecond) and for volume fractions as small as a few 10−6 their Kerr susceptibility is of the same order of magnitude as that of CS2. This also allowed us to measure for the first time the Kerr susceptibility of these metals.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134183631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Nonlinearities in Semiconductors","authors":"D. Chemla","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tua1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tua1","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optical processes in semiconductors presents some very specific aspects which originate from the nature and properties of elementary electronic excitations in these materials. In this talk we discuss the origins and characteristics of nonlinear optical effects in semiconductors and we illustrate our presentation with selected experimental results.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"451 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133746763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Material Parameters Study in Barium Titanate Using a Laser-induced Grating Spectroscopic Probe Technique","authors":"L. S. Ditman","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.mc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mc2","url":null,"abstract":"Material parameters, including refractive index modulation depth, space charge field, and trap charge density, in photorefractive barium titanate are determined using a novel laser-induced grating spectroscopic probe technique. In this method, shown in Fig. 1, coherent laser beams (grating writing beams) intersect inside the crystal and induce (write) a refractive index grating via the photorefractive effect. A laser probe beam is applied to the crystal parallel to the grating planes (i.e. at normal incidence to the plane of the grating writing beams, in a Raman-Nath type configuration) and is diffracted into higher order modes (|m|≥1) located symetrically at angles ±θDm about the undiffracted (m=0) mode. The crystal is in air and is supported by an optical flat attached to a rotating platform (not shown in Fig. 1) which allows us to rotate the crystal about the z-axis, thus varying the intersection angle of the grating writing beams in the crystal (for fixed writing beams in air), thereby varying the grating spacing, Λg, in the crystal. Additionally, the platform provides for tilt adjustment of the x-y plane in order to precisely align the induced phase grating planes and the probe beam to obtain symmetry in the intensities of the positive and negative modes (orders) of diffraction.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129283606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. J. Lockwood, M. Dharma-wardana, G. Aers, J. Baribeau
{"title":"Raman Scattering from Ultrathin Multilayer Structures","authors":"D. J. Lockwood, M. Dharma-wardana, G. Aers, J. Baribeau","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf3","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the large lattice mismatch between Ge and Si, high quality layers of Ge1-xSix covering the entire range of alloy compositions have been grown utilizing strained-layer epitaxy methods. Such work has led to the study of artificial crystals containing GemSin structures with m and n less than seven,1 of quasiperiodic Fibonacci superlattices,2 and of multiple layers of Ge grown on Si substrates.3 The study of such materials is of much interest both from a basic physics point of view and for designing devices with unusual electro-optic properties.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131702653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical Nonlinearities of Guest-Host-Polymer Structures","authors":"K. Singer","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.mb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mb4","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, attempts to take advantage of the large second-order optical nonlinearities of certain conjugated organic molecules in devices were limited to neat crystalline materials, since the requirements for a noncentrosymmetric bulk phase could be met with molecular and polymeric crystals that happen to condense in a noncentrosymmetric point group.[1] The large dipoles that are often observed in these molecules made the growth of optical quality and robust crystals difficult. More recently, mixed systems consisting of the nonlinear optical molecules incorporated into polymer glasses, liquid crystals, and liquid crystal polymers have been investigated.[2] The difficulties in processing that are required to obtain optical quality materials are reduced. For second-order nonlinearities, an alignment process, such as electric field poling, is required to break the center of symmetry inherent in these materials. However, the reduction in number density and alignment attainable with realistic poling fields requires molecules with exceptionally large nonlinear optical susceptibilities in order to obtain bulk materials with nonlinear coefficients large enough to produce sensible devices.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123468224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical Response of Modulation-Doped Quantum Wells","authors":"W. Knox","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tub2","url":null,"abstract":"Modulation-doped quantum wells [1] offer a unique system to study femtosecond carrier interactions. Since the doping impurities are localized in the quantum well barriers, there is no contribution from impurity scattering when exciting carriers in the wells. In optical excitation experiments with semiconductors equal densities of electrons and holes are created. Therefore it is impossible to distinguish the separate effects of electrons and holes. Since in general the electrons and holes have different properties such as mass and phonon interactions we may expect that the scattering rates of electrons will be different than the holes. In addition, the separate contributions of the holes and electrons to the optical saturation signals have not been addressed before. We report new experiments [2] in which the femtosecond nonlinear optical response of modulation-doped quantum wells are studied for the first time and the results are compared to the previous results which have been obtained in undoped quantum wells.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124307784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications of low-saturation-intensity nonlinear-optical materials","authors":"K. Macdonald, W. Tompkin, R. Boyd","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.wb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.wb3","url":null,"abstract":"Low-saturation-intensity, highly nonlinear materials, such as boric-acid glass doped with fluorescein1 and lead-tin fluorophosphate glasses doped with acridine dyes,2 are promising candidates for applications involving the nonlinear mixing of light from conventional and natural sources. One such application which we recently demonstrated is a passive method for recovering an image that has been distorted by passing through a thin phase-aberrating medium.3 This technique could, in principle, be used to compensate for the effects of atmospheric turbulence in astronomical observation. In this paper, we will discuss the feasibility of realizing these device applications.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124338986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Local-field Enhanced Optical Nonlinearities","authors":"J. Haus, N. Kalyaniwalla","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue4","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the enhancement of optical nonlinearities due to local—field effects associated with small particles. This phenomenon is important for the large nonlinear response observed from optical phase conjugation in glass materials impregnated with metal or semiconductor microcrystallites1,2, and from surface-enhanced Raman scattering3 Predictions of optical bistability due to local—field enhancement of nonlinearities have been made in the literature4–7.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"22 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120877552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Optical Properties of VO2","authors":"A. Razavi, T. Hughes","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf21","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadium dioxide is known to undergo a first order phase transformation at approximately 67°C. In its low temperature state (T<67°C) VO2 has a monoclinic structure, is semiconductive, and exhibits high transmission of a range of IR wavelengths. At temperatures greater than 67°C VO2 reverts to a tetragonal structure, becomes conductive, and exhibits high reflectance.1 The absorption coefficient of VO2 is relatively high below one micron2 and above thirteen microns3; therefore, changes in the optical properties of VO2 can be used most effectively between these wavelengths.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121330338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear Optical Absorption via Photon Avalanche","authors":"A. Kueny, W. Case, M. Koch","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.wb5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.wb5","url":null,"abstract":"We report an investigation of a nonlinear optical absorption phenomenon observed in LaCl3 crystals doped with Pr. When these crystals are illuminated with a laser beam of 529 nm wavelength and intensity in excess of a certain critical value, the light is strongly absorbed. The laser radiation is resonant with a Pr3+ transition from the first excited state (3H5) to a high optical state (3P1), and absorption is accompanied by strong fluorescence output from 3p1 and 3p0 to several lower-lying levels. Since the resonant transition does not include the ground state, it is not expected a priori that any absorption should occur (see Fig. 1). This is an example of the so-called photon avalanche phenomenon1.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129047489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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