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Organic Superlattices for Nonlinear Optics: Alternating Langmuir-Blodgett Multilayers of Azobenzene Dyes 非线性光学的有机超晶格:偶氮苯染料的交替Langmuir-Blodgett多层
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf2
S. Grubb, D. W. Kalina
{"title":"Organic Superlattices for Nonlinear Optics: Alternating Langmuir-Blodgett Multilayers of Azobenzene Dyes","authors":"S. Grubb, D. W. Kalina","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf2","url":null,"abstract":"We report near-ideal quadratic enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG) from alternating, non-centrosymmetric multilayers of two azobenzene dyes deposited on glass substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. In the first case we deposited layers of the azo dye 4-nitro-4'-N-(stearoyl) aminoazobenzene (NSAAB) diluted 2:1 with stearic acid alternating with layers of pure stearic acid. Dilution of the azo dye in stearic acid leads to an increase in the effective molecular hyperpolarizability β, due presumably to prevention of dye aggregation and/or tail ordering effects. By comparison to a quartz standard, we measure a β value of 2•4x10-28 esu for NSAAB in a 2:1 mixture with stearic acid. We have investigated multilayers containing up to 10 active layers of azo dye. The 10 active layer sample exhibits an SHG signal that is 82 times that of the single layer NSAAB film. On the other hand, a 13 layer Y-type (centrosymmetric) NSAAB/stearic acid film exhibits an SHG intensity of only 1•5 times the single layer value. A quadratic curve was fit to the data allowing variation of the initial NSAAB layer SHG intensity due to molecule-substrate perturbations. The data fits extremely well when the first layer intensity is taken to be 80% of its observed value. The absorption spectrum of a one layer LB film of 2:1 NSAAB/stearic acid exhibits a 40 nm blue shift of the absorption maximum of the azo chromophore. This extreme blue shift may indicate the presence of H-aggregates of the azobenzene dyes or strong chromophore-substrate interactions.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127995623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effective Dielectric Function for a Random Distribution of Nonlinear Spherical Rayleigh-sized Microparticles 非线性球形瑞利粒径微粒子随机分布的有效介电函数
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue6
K. Leung
{"title":"Effective Dielectric Function for a Random Distribution of Nonlinear Spherical Rayleigh-sized Microparticles","authors":"K. Leung","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue6","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of determining the effective dielectric function of an inhomogenous medium given the properties of its constituents has been of interest for quite a long time. A number of theories are available in the linear regime in the scientific literature, including the widely popular theories by Maxwell-Garnett,[1] and by Bruggeman.[2] There are also renewed interest with some new insights on this subject in recent years.[3] In these theories it is assumed that the particles as well as the host medium both behave linearly, that is the dielectric constants do not depend on the incident intensity.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127514351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonresonant Effects in CO2 Amplifier of Ultrashort Laser Pulses 超短激光脉冲CO2放大器中的非谐振效应
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf22
S. Chelkowski, A. Bandrauk
{"title":"Nonresonant Effects in CO2 Amplifier of Ultrashort Laser Pulses","authors":"S. Chelkowski, A. Bandrauk","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf22","url":null,"abstract":"Recently the amplification of subpicosecond pulses in CO2 resonant with 10.6 μm lasing transition 001→100 has been achieved for intensities up to 1012 W/cm2 [1]. This corresponds to Rabi frequency ≃ 10 cm-1 which becomes comparable to the detuning of various CO2 transitions usually neglected in standard calculations [2]. For instance, this Rabi frequency becomes close to the spacing between laser P(20) transition and R(18) transition equal to 32 cm-1 [1,3]. For higher intensities, the 9.6 μm, 001→020 transition should be taken into account, as well as the transitions 001→000, 001-002, etc. - see fig. 1.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114460340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultrafast Dynamical Nonlinearities in GaAs Microstructures 砷化镓微结构的超快动力学非线性
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.tub1
J. Oudar
{"title":"Ultrafast Dynamical Nonlinearities in GaAs Microstructures","authors":"J. Oudar","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tub1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tub1","url":null,"abstract":"Direct-gap semiconductors, such as GaAs, present strong dynamic optical nonlinearities. The saturation of their absorption caused by the photoexcitation of electron-hole pairs, and its associated nonlinear refractive index, have attracted particular interest since both effects allow the operation of optical gates and bistable devices. Since the response time of these nonlinear optical effects is governed by the relaxation dynamics of the excited states, it is important to improve our understanding of the relaxation mechanisms which influence the behaviour of electron-hole pairs.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130670014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resonant Third-Order Nonlinearity of Quasi One- and Zero-Dimensional Electron Systems 准一维和零维电子系统的共振三阶非线性
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.tud6
W. Blau, H. Byrne, P. Horan
{"title":"Resonant Third-Order Nonlinearity of Quasi One- and Zero-Dimensional Electron Systems","authors":"W. Blau, H. Byrne, P. Horan","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tud6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tud6","url":null,"abstract":"The invention of semiconductor multi-quantum wells and the following discovery of large optical nonlinearities in them [1] have started a substantial research effort into the properties of such two-dimensional quantum confined systems. Furthermore the question of further reducing the electron dimensionality and the associated scaling laws [2] has arisen. By reducing the electron dimensionalities by confining them physically in two and three dimensions beyond their de-Broglie wavelength, the situation of the idealized \"particle-in-the-box\" is realized. Associated with this behavior is an increase in the exciton binding energy (observable at room temperature) and in oscillator strength, and hence also an increase of the optical nonlinearity arising from the saturation of this transition. By suitable choice of chemical systems this low dimensional behavior can be experimentally approached.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134175831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Periodic Composite Materials 周期性复合材料的非线性光学性质
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue1
J. Sipe
{"title":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Periodic Composite Materials","authors":"J. Sipe","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue1","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation of light through linear materials characterized by a periodic dielectric function is well understood in terms of the optical band structure that results. Even if the underlying materials are nondispersive, wave packets suffer dispersion due to the effect of the periodicity, and there are band gaps where light cannot propagate through the material and the reflectivity rises to unity.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114153289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perspectives on The Quantum Electrodynamics of Detection 量子探测电动力学展望
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.wa1
T. Gustafson
{"title":"Perspectives on The Quantum Electrodynamics of Detection","authors":"T. Gustafson","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.wa1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.wa1","url":null,"abstract":"Detection will be discussed from a broad perspective with particular emphasis on those aspects and questions which are of concern when the quantized nature of the radiation field is important.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116477653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Selectively Contacted Gallium Arsenide Doping Superlattices 选择性接触砷化镓掺杂超晶格的非线性光学性质
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.md2
M. Tobin, C. A. Pennise, J. Bruno, G. Hasnain
{"title":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Selectively Contacted Gallium Arsenide Doping Superlattices","authors":"M. Tobin, C. A. Pennise, J. Bruno, G. Hasnain","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.md2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.md2","url":null,"abstract":"The modulation of absorption in GaAs doping superlattices (DSL’s) has been previously demonstrated using optical excitation.1–3 By using selective contacts to the n- and p-type layers, Chang-Hasnain et al.4 demonstrated the tunability of the optical absorption by means of electrical bias. In this paper, we show experimental results whereby the optical modulation of the optical properties is examined as a function of the applied electrical bias. From modulated transmission and reflection data, changes in the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index are determined. Additionally, we have examined the recovery time of the DSL following picosecond laser illumination and show that it is substantially decreased with the use of an external circuit.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"55 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124752503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Asymmetric Quantum Well Structures Possessing Large Second Order Optical Nonlinearities 具有大二阶光学非线性的非对称量子阱结构
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.md4
J. Khurgin
{"title":"Asymmetric Quantum Well Structures Possessing Large Second Order Optical Nonlinearities","authors":"J. Khurgin","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.md4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.md4","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optical properties of quantum wells (QW’s) and superlattices (SL’s) 1,2 are attracting increasing interest. Calculations and observations of strong third-order nonlinearities were reported in GaAs-GaAlAs QW and SL structures. Among the phenomena mentioned as leading to large values of x(3) in such structures are conduction band nonparabolicity 3,4, exciton line saturation 5 and the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) 6,7. Practical devices using QCSE, the so-called self-electrooptic effect devices, or SEED’s have been successfully demonstrated 8.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117061788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oscillator Strength, Dephasing and Stark Shift of Free and Three-Dimension Confined Excitons 自由和三维受限激子的振子强度、失相和斯塔克位移
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/nlopm.1988.tua4
M. Dagenais
{"title":"Oscillator Strength, Dephasing and Stark Shift of Free and Three-Dimension Confined Excitons","authors":"M. Dagenais","doi":"10.1364/nlopm.1988.tua4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tua4","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of giant oscillator strength for both free and bound excitons is elucidated. It is shown that, the oscillator strength of these transitions is enhanced over the free exciton oscillator strength per molecule of the crystal by the ratio of the volume of the system divided by the volume of the crystal unit cell. An expression for the free exciton oscillator strength is obtained that can be used to describe the AC Stark shift of an excitonic resonance and also its saturation behavior.","PeriodicalId":208307,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117338790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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