Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics最新文献_第2页

Evidence of zoonotic pathogens through biophysically induced genomic variance. 通过生物物理诱导的基因组变异证明人畜共患病病原体的存在。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583524000039

Daniah Alsufyani

{"title":"Evidence of zoonotic pathogens through biophysically induced genomic variance.","authors":"Daniah Alsufyani","doi":"10.1017/S0033583524000039","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033583524000039","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonoses are infectious agents that are transmissible between animals and humans. Up to 60% of known infectious diseases and 75% of emergent diseases are zoonotic. Genomic variation between homeostatic populations provides a novel window into the effect of environmental pathogens on allelic distributions within the populations. Genodynamics is a biophysical approach utilizing developed metrics on biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can be used to quantify the adaptive influences due to pathogens. A genomic free energy that is minimized when overall population health is optimized describes the influence of environmental agents upon genomic variation. A double-blind exploration of over 100 thousand SNPs searching for smooth functional dependencies upon four zoonotic pathogens carried by four possible hosts amidst populations that live in their ancestral environments has been conducted. Exemplars that infectious agents can have significant adaptive influence on human populations are presented. One discussed SNP is likely associated with both adaptive and innate immune regulation. The adaptive response of another SNP suggests an intriguing connection between zoonoses and human cancers. The adaptive forces of the presented pathogens upon the human genome have been quantified.","PeriodicalId":20828,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics","volume":"57 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140111273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Segregation of co-cultured multicellular systems: review and modeling consideration. 共培养多细胞系统的分离：回顾与建模思考。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583524000015

Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic, Raluca Eftimie, Milan Milivojevic, Stéphane P A Bordas

{"title":"Segregation of co-cultured multicellular systems: review and modeling consideration.","authors":"Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic, Raluca Eftimie, Milan Milivojevic, Stéphane P A Bordas","doi":"10.1017/S0033583524000015","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033583524000015","url":null,"abstract":"Cell segregation caused by collective cell migration (CCM) is crucial for morphogenesis, functional development of tissue parts, and is an important aspect in other diseases such as cancer and its metastasis process. Efficiency of the cell segregation depends on the interplay between: (1) biochemical processes such as cell signaling and gene expression and (2) physical interactions between cells. Despite extensive research devoted to study the segregation of various co-cultured systems, we still do not understand the role of physical interactions in cell segregation. Cumulative effects of these physical interactions appear in the form of physical parameters such as: (1) tissue surface tension, (2) viscoelasticity caused by CCM, and (3) solid stress accumulated in multicellular systems. These parameters primarily depend on the interplay between the state of cell-cell adhesion contacts and cell contractility. The role of these physical parameters on the segregation efficiency is discussed on model systems such as co-cultured breast cell spheroids consisting of two subpopulations that are in contact. This review study aims to: (1) summarize biological aspects related to cell segregation, mechanical properties of cell collectives, effects along the biointerface between cell subpopulations and (2) describe from a biophysical/mathematical perspective the same biological aspects summarized before. So that overall it can illustrate the complexity of the biological systems that translate into very complex biophysical/mathematical equations. Moreover, by presenting in parallel these two seemingly different parts (biology vs. equations), this review aims to emphasize the need for experiments to estimate the variety of parameters entering the resulting complex biophysical/mathematical models.","PeriodicalId":20828,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optogenetic control of neural activity: The biophysics of microbial rhodopsins in neuroscience. 神经活动的光遗传学控制：神经科学中微生物视紫红质的生物物理学。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583523000033

Kiryl D Piatkevich, Edward S Boyden

{"title":"Optogenetic control of neural activity: The biophysics of microbial rhodopsins in neuroscience.","authors":"Kiryl D Piatkevich, Edward S Boyden","doi":"10.1017/S0033583523000033","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0033583523000033","url":null,"abstract":"Optogenetics, the use of microbial rhodopsins to make the electrical activity of targeted neurons controllable by light, has swept through neuroscience, enabling thousands of scientists to study how specific neuron types contribute to behaviors and pathologies, and how they might serve as novel therapeutic targets. By activating a set of neurons, one can probe what functions they can initiate or sustain, and by silencing a set of neurons, one can probe the functions they are necessary for. We here review the biophysics of these molecules, asking why they became so useful in neuroscience for the study of brain circuitry. We review the history of the field, including early thinking, early experiments, applications of optogenetics, pre-optogenetics targeted neural control tools, and the history of discovering and characterizing microbial rhodopsins. We then review the biophysical attributes of rhodopsins that make them so useful to neuroscience - their classes and structure, their photocycles, their photocurrent magnitudes and kinetics, their action spectra, and their ion selectivity. Our hope is to convey to the reader how specific biophysical properties of these molecules made them especially useful to neuroscientists for a difficult problem - the control of high-speed electrical activity, with great precision and ease, in the brain.","PeriodicalId":20828,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41210817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-molecule FRET for virology: 20 years of insight into protein structure and dynamics. 病毒学单分子FRET: 20年洞察蛋白质结构和动力学。

IF 6.1 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583523000021

Danielle Groves, Christof Hepp, Achillefs N Kapanidis, Nicole C Robb

引用次数: 0

Ferric heme b in aqueous micellar and vesicular systems: state-of-the-art and challenges. 水胶束和囊泡系统中的铁血红素b:最新技术和挑战。

IF 6.1 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583522000130

Nemanja Cvjetan, Peter Walde

{"title":"Ferric heme b in aqueous micellar and vesicular systems: state-of-the-art and challenges.","authors":"Nemanja Cvjetan, Peter Walde","doi":"10.1017/S0033583522000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033583522000130","url":null,"abstract":"Ferric heme b (= ferric protoporphyrin IX = hemin) is an important prosthetic group of different types of enzymes, including the intensively investigated and widely applied horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In HRP, hemin is present in monomeric form in a hydrophobic pocket containing among other amino acid side chains the two imidazoyl groups of His170 and His42. Both amino acids are important for the peroxidase activity of HRP as an axial ligand of hemin (proximal His170) and as an acid/base catalyst (distal His42). A key feature of the peroxidase mechanism of HRP is the initial formation of compound I under heterolytic cleavage of added hydrogen peroxide as a terminal oxidant. Investigations of free hemin dispersed in aqueous solution showed that different types of hemin dimers can form, depending on the experimental conditions, possibly resulting in hemin crystallization. Although it has been recognized already in the 1970s that hemin aggregation can be prevented in aqueous solution by using micelle-forming amphiphiles, it remains a challenge to prepare hemin-containing micellar and vesicular systems with peroxidase-like activities. Such systems are of interest as cheap HRP-mimicking catalysts for analytical and synthetic applications. Some of the key concepts on which research in this fascinating and interdisciplinary field is based are summarized, along with major accomplishments and possible directions for further improvement. A systematic analysis of the physico-chemical properties of hemin in aqueous micellar solutions and vesicular dispersions must be combined with a reliable evaluation of its catalytic activity. Future studies should show how well the molecular complexity around hemin in HRP can be mimicked by using micelles or vesicles. Because of the importance of heme b in virtually all biological systems and the fact that porphyrins and hemes can be obtained under potentially prebiotic conditions, ideas exist about the possible role of heme-containing micellar and vesicular systems in prebiotic times.","PeriodicalId":20828,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics","volume":"56 ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10821712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Myofilament-associated proteins with intrinsic disorder (MAPIDs) and their resolution by computational modeling. 具有内在紊乱的肌丝相关蛋白（MAPIDs）及其计算模型解析。

IF 6.1 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1017/S003358352300001X

Bin Sun, Peter M Kekenes-Huskey

引用次数: 0

Nobel Prize 2022 to Sharpless, Meldal, Bertozzi Click Chemistry - molecular lego. 2022年诺贝尔奖颁给Sharpless, Meldal, Bertozzi Click化学-分子乐高。

IF 6.1 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583522000129

Tom Brown, Bengt Nordén

引用次数: 2

DNA in nanochannels: theory and applications. 纳米通道中的DNA:理论与应用。

IF 6.1 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583522000117

Karolin Frykholm, Vilhelm Müller, Sriram Kk, Kevin D Dorfman, Fredrik Westerlund

{"title":"DNA in nanochannels: theory and applications.","authors":"Karolin Frykholm, Vilhelm Müller, Sriram Kk, Kevin D Dorfman, Fredrik Westerlund","doi":"10.1017/S0033583522000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033583522000117","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofluidic structures have over the last two decades emerged as a powerful platform for detailed analysis of DNA on the kilobase pair length scale. When DNA is confined to a nanochannel, the combination of excluded volume and DNA stiffness leads to the DNA being stretched to near its full contour length. Importantly, this stretching takes place at equilibrium, without any chemical modifications to the DNA. As a result, any DNA can be analyzed, such as DNA extracted from cells or circular DNA, and it is straight-forward to study reactions on the ends of linear DNA. In this comprehensive review, we first give a thorough description of the current understanding of the polymer physics of DNA and how that leads to stretching in nanochannels. We then describe how the versatility of nanofabrication can be used to design devices specifically tailored for the problem at hand, either by controlling the degree of confinement or enabling facile exchange of reagents to measure DNA-protein reaction kinetics. The remainder of the review focuses on two important applications of confining DNA in nanochannels. The first is optical DNA mapping, which provides the genomic sequence of intact DNA molecules in excess of 100 kilobase pairs in size, with kilobase pair resolution, through labeling strategies that are suitable for fluorescence microscopy. In this section, we highlight solutions to the technical aspects of genomic mapping, including the use of enzyme-based labeling and affinity-based labeling to produce the genomic maps, rather than recent applications in human genetics. The second is DNA-protein interactions, and several recent examples of such studies on DNA compaction, filamentous protein complexes, and reactions with DNA ends are presented. Taken together, these two applications demonstrate the power of DNA confinement and nanofluidics in genomics, molecular biology, and biophysics.","PeriodicalId":20828,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics","volume":"55 ","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10732685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Tryptophan, more than just an interfacial amino acid in the membrane activity of cationic cell-penetrating and antimicrobial peptides. 色氨酸，不仅仅是一种界面氨基酸，在膜活性的阳离子细胞穿透和抗菌肽。

IF 6.1 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583522000105

Sonia Khemaissa, Astrid Walrant, Sandrine Sagan

{"title":"Tryptophan, more than just an interfacial amino acid in the membrane activity of cationic cell-penetrating and antimicrobial peptides.","authors":"Sonia Khemaissa, Astrid Walrant, Sandrine Sagan","doi":"10.1017/S0033583522000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033583522000105","url":null,"abstract":"Trp is unique among the amino acids since it is involved in many different types of noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic and hydrophobic ones, but also in π-π, π-cation, π-anion and π-ion pair interactions. In membranotropic peptides and proteins, Trp locates preferentially at the water-membrane interface. In antimicrobial or cell-penetrating peptides (AMPs and CPPs respectively), Trp is well-known for its strong role in the capacity of these peptides to interact and affect the membrane organisation of both bacteria and animal cells at the level of the lipid bilayer. This essential amino acid can however be involved in other types of interactions, not only with lipids, but also with other membrane partners, that are crucial to understand the functional roles of membranotropic peptides. This review is focused on this latter less known role of Trp and describes in details, both in qualitative and quantitative ways: (i) the physico-chemical properties of Trp; (ii) its effect in CPP internalisation; (iii) its importance in AMP activity; (iv) its role in the interaction of AMPs with glycoconjugates or lipids in bacteria membranes and the consequences on the activity of the peptides; (v) its role in the interaction of CPPs with negatively charged polysaccharides or lipids of animal membranes and the consequences on the activity of the peptides. We intend to bring highlights of the physico-chemical properties of Trp and describe its extensive possibilities of interactions, not only at the well-known level of the lipid bilayer, but with other less considered cell membrane components, such as carbohydrates and the extracellular matrix. The focus on these interactions will allow the reader to reevaluate reported studies. Altogether, our review gathers dedicated studies to show how unique are Trp properties, which should be taken into account to design future membranotropic peptides with expected antimicrobial or cell-penetrating activity.","PeriodicalId":20828,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics","volume":"55 ","pages":"e10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Determination of protein-protein interactions at the single-molecule level using optical tweezers. 用光镊测定单分子水平的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。

IF 6.1 2区生物学

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0033583522000075

Wendy N Sánchez, Luka Robeson, Valentina Carrasco, Nataniel L Figueroa, Francesca Burgos-Bravo, Christian A M Wilson, Nathalie Casanova-Morales

{"title":"Determination of protein-protein interactions at the single-molecule level using optical tweezers.","authors":"Wendy N Sánchez, Luka Robeson, Valentina Carrasco, Nataniel L Figueroa, Francesca Burgos-Bravo, Christian A M Wilson, Nathalie Casanova-Morales","doi":"10.1017/S0033583522000075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033583522000075","url":null,"abstract":"Biomolecular interactions are at the base of all physical processes within living organisms; the study of these interactions has led to the development of a plethora of different methods. Among these, single-molecule (in singulo) experiments have become relevant in recent years because these studies can give insight into mechanisms and interactions that are hidden for ensemble-based (in multiplo) methods. The focus of this review is on optical tweezer (OT) experiments, which can be used to apply and measure mechanical forces in molecular systems. OTs are based on optical trapping, where a laser is used to exert a force on a dielectric bead; and optically trap the bead at a controllable position in all three dimensions. Different experimental approaches have been developed to study protein–protein interactions using OTs, such as: (1) refolding and unfolding in trans interaction where one protein is tethered between the beads and the other protein is in the solution; (2) constant force in cis interaction where each protein is bound to a bead, and the tension is suddenly increased. The interaction may break after some time, giving information about the lifetime of the binding at that tension. And (3) force ramp in cis interaction where each protein is attached to a bead and a ramp force is applied until the interaction breaks. With these experiments, parameters such as kinetic constants (koff, kon), affinity values (KD), energy to the transition state ΔG≠, distance to the transition state Δx≠ can be obtained. These parameters characterize the energy landscape of the interaction. Some parameters such as distance to the transition state can only be obtained from force spectroscopy experiments such as those described here.","PeriodicalId":20828,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics","volume":"55 ","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10732671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3