S-layers: from a serendipitous discovery to a toolkit for nanobiotechnology.

IF 7.2 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS
Uwe B Sleytr, Dietmar Pum
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Prokaryotic microorganisms, comprising Bacteria and Archaea, exhibit a fascinating diversity of cell envelope structures reflecting their adaptations that contribute to their resilience and survival in diverse environments. Among these adaptations, surface layers (S-layers) composed of monomolecular protein or glycoprotein lattices are one of the most observed envelope components. They are the most abundant cellular proteins and represent the simplest biological membranes that have developed during evolution. S-layers provide organisms with a great variety of selective advantages, including acting as an antifouling layer, protective coating, molecular sieve, ion trap, structure involved in cell and molecular adhesion, surface recognition and virulence factor for pathogens. In Archaea that possess S-layers as the exclusive cell wall component, the (glyco)protein lattices function as a cell shape-determining/maintaining scaffold. The wealth of information available on the structure, chemistry, genetics and in vivo and in vitro morphogenesis has revealed a broad application potential for S-layers as patterning elements in a molecular construction kit for bio- and nanotechnology, synthetic biology, biomimetics, biomedicine and diagnostics. In this review, we try to describe the scientifically exciting early days of S-layer research with a special focus on the 'Vienna-S-Layer-Group'. Our presentation is intended to illustrate how our curiosity and joy of discovery motivated us to explore this new structure and to make the scientific community aware of its relevance in the realm of prokaryotes, and moreover, how we developed concepts for exploiting this unique self-assembly structure. We hope that our presentation, with its many personal notes, is also of interest from the perspective of the history of S-layer research.

s层:从偶然发现到纳米生物技术工具箱。
包括细菌和古细菌在内的原核微生物表现出令人着迷的细胞包膜结构多样性,反映了它们的适应性,有助于它们在不同环境中恢复和生存。在这些适应中,由单分子蛋白或糖蛋白晶格组成的表面层(s层)是最常见的包膜成分之一。它们是最丰富的细胞蛋白质,代表了在进化过程中形成的最简单的生物膜。s层为生物体提供了多种选择优势,包括作为防污层、保护涂层、分子筛、离子阱、参与细胞和分子粘附的结构、表面识别和病原体的毒力因子。在具有s层作为唯一细胞壁成分的古细菌中,(糖)蛋白晶格起着细胞形状决定/维持支架的作用。丰富的结构、化学、遗传学和体内体外形态发生方面的信息揭示了s层作为分子构建工具的广泛应用潜力,可用于生物和纳米技术、合成生物学、仿生学、生物医学和诊断等领域。在这篇综述中,我们试图描述科学上令人兴奋的s层研究早期,特别关注“维也纳- s层组”。我们的演讲旨在说明我们的好奇心和发现的喜悦如何激励我们探索这种新结构,并使科学界意识到它在原核生物领域的相关性,此外,我们如何开发利用这种独特的自组装结构的概念。我们希望我们的演讲,包括许多个人笔记,也能从s层研究历史的角度引起人们的兴趣。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 生物-生物物理
CiteScore
12.90
自引率
1.60%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics covers the field of experimental and computational biophysics. Experimental biophysics span across different physics-based measurements such as optical microscopy, super-resolution imaging, electron microscopy, X-ray and neutron diffraction, spectroscopy, calorimetry, thermodynamics and their integrated uses. Computational biophysics includes theory, simulations, bioinformatics and system analysis. These biophysical methodologies are used to discover the structure, function and physiology of biological systems in varying complexities from cells, organelles, membranes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, molecular machines to molecules. The majority of reviews published are invited from authors who have made significant contributions to the field, who give critical, readable and sometimes controversial accounts of recent progress and problems in their specialty. The journal has long-standing, worldwide reputation, demonstrated by its high ranking in the ISI Science Citation Index, as a forum for general and specialized communication between biophysicists working in different areas. Thematic issues are occasionally published.
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