Quantum Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling quantum phase estimation: exploring the impact of multi-photon interference on the quantum Fisher information","authors":"A Ma, A G Magnoni, M A Larotonda and L T Knoll","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/add04d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/add04d","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum interference is known to become extinct with distinguishing information, as illustrated by the ubiquitous double-slit experiment or the two-photon Hong–Ou–Mandel effect. In the former case single particle interference is destroyed with which-path information while in the latter bunching interference tails-off as photons become distinguishable. It has been observed that when more than two particles are involved, these interference patterns are in general a non-monotonic function of the distinguishability. Here we perform a comprehensive characterization, both theoretically and experimentally, of four-photon interference by analyzing the corresponding correlation functions, contemplating several degrees of distinguishability across different parameters. This study provides all the necessary tools to quantify the impact of multi-photon interference on precision measurements of parameters such as phase, frequency, and time difference. We apply these insights to quantify the precision in the estimation of an interferometric phase in a two-port interferometer using a four-photon state. Our results reveal that, for certain phase values, partially distinguishable multi-photon states can achieve higher Fisher information values compared to the two-photon experiment. These findings highlight the potential of distinguishable multi-photon states for enhanced precision in quantum metrology and related applications.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The travelling salesperson problem and the challenges of near-term quantum advantage","authors":"Kate A Smith-Miles, Holger H Hoos, Hao Wang, Thomas Bäck and Tobias J Osborne","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/add61d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/add61d","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades, the travelling salesperson problem (TSP) has been cited as a benchmark problem to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computers over conventional computers. Its advantage is that it is a well-studied NP-hard optimisation problem that can be easily communicated to highlight the challenges of searching through an exponentially growing number of possible solutions to find the optimal solution. It is therefore a tempting problem to choose to explore quantum advantage. At what point, however, is a call made that quantum advantage is not likely, and efforts should be focused on other problems? This article challenges the continued use of the TSP as a benchmark for quantum optimisation methods—such as quantum annealing and gate-based quantum computing—that require the TSP to be formulated as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation (QUBO) problem. We offer explanations for why such quantum approaches are not well suited, nor competitive against state-of-the-art classical methods, for tackling the challenges of the TSP landscape, and we draw parallels with similar observations made almost four decades ago when QUBO-based neural networks proved to be uncompetitive for solving the TSP. After critically reviewing two decades of research effort to solve TSPs using QUBO-based quantum methods, we note a gradual shift in focus: from initial attempts to solve small sized TSPs with general-purpose QUBO-based quantum approaches, to growing evidence that competitiveness is only enhanced where TSP domain knowledge is integrated, via either modified formulations or hybridisation with TSP classical heuristics. We discuss the numerous challenges that must be overcome before QUBO-based quantum optimisers could ever be competitive with classical state-of-the-art TSP solvers. Acknowledging that there may be more promise for non-QUBO-based hybrid approaches, where quantum search accelerates components of conventional algorithms, we offer recommendations for how future studies should be conducted to compare fairly and rigorously any proposed quantum methods against state-of-the-art TSP solvers, or any classical optimisation method, when seeking to establish quantum advantage.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocols and trade-offs of quantum state purification","authors":"Hongshun Yao, Yu-Ao Chen, Erdong Huang, Kaichu Chen, Honghao Fu and Xin Wang","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/add17e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/add17e","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum state purification is crucial in quantum communication and computation, aiming to recover a purified state from multiple copies of an unknown noisy state. This work introduces a general state purification framework designed to achieve the highest fidelity with a specified probability and characterize the associated trade-offs. For i.i.d. quantum states under depolarizing noise, our framework can replicate the purification protocol proposed by Barenco et al (1997 SIAM J. Comput.26 1541–57) and further provide exact formulas for the purification fidelity and probability with explicit trade-offs. We prove the protocols’ optimality for two copies of noisy states with any dimension and confirm its optimality for higher numbers of copies and dimensions through numerical analysis. Our methodological approach paves the way for proving the protocol’s optimality in more general scenarios and leads to optimal protocols for other noise models. Furthermore, we present a systematic implementation method via block encoding and parameterized quantum circuits, providing explicit circuits for purifying three-copy and four-copy states under depolarizing noise. Finally, we estimate the sample complexity and generalize the protocol to a recursive form, demonstrating its practicality for quantum computers with limited memory.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum speed limit for Kirkwood–Dirac quasiprobabilities","authors":"Sagar Silva Pratapsi, Sebastian Deffner and Stefano Gherardini","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/add55d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/add55d","url":null,"abstract":"What is the minimal time until a quantum system undergoing unitary dynamics can exhibit genuine quantum features? To answer this question we derive quantum speed limits (QSLs) for two-time correlation functions arising from statistics of measurements. These two-time correlators are described by Kirkwood–Dirac quasiprobabilities, if the initial quantum state of the system does not commute with the measurement observables. The QSLs here introduced are derived from the Schrödinger–Robertson uncertainty relation, and set the minimal time at which the real part of a quasiprobability can become negative and the corresponding imaginary part can be different from zero or crosses a given threshold. This departure of Kirkwood–Dirac quasiprobabilities from positivity is evidence for the onset of non-classical traits in the quantum dynamics. As an illustrative example, we apply these results to a conditional quantum gate by determining the optimal condition that gives rise to non-classicality at maximum speed. In this way, our analysis hints at boosted power extraction due to genuinely non-classical dynamics.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid qubit encoding: splitting Fock space into Fermionic and Bosonic subspaces","authors":"Francisco Javier del Arco Santos and Jakob S Kottmann","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/adbdee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adbdee","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient encoding of electronic operators into qubits is essential for quantum chemistry simulations. Most of the methods treat Fermionic degrees of freedom and qubits in a one-to-one fashion, handling their interactions. Alternatively, pairs of electrons can be represented as quasi-particles and encoded into qubits, significantly simplifying calculations. This work presents a Hybrid Encoding that allows splitting the Fock space into Fermionic and Bosonic subspaces. By leveraging the strengths of both approaches, we provide a flexible framework for optimizing quantum simulations based on molecular characteristics and hardware constraints.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entanglement distribution based on quantum walk in arbitrary quantum networks","authors":"Tianen Chen, Yun Shang, Chitong Chen and Heng Fan","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/adcd96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adcd96","url":null,"abstract":"In large-scale quantum networks, quantum repeaters provide an efficient method to distribute entangled states among selected nodes for realizing long-distance and complicated quantum communications. However, extending quantum repeater protocols to high-dimensional quantum states in existing experiments faces great challenges. Owing to the feasible physical implementations of quantum walks, we proposed various basic modules applicable to quantum repeaters for distributing high-dimensional entangled states via quantum walks, including d-dimensional Bell states and multi-particle d-dimensional GHZ states. Furthermore, based on the above schemes, we provided a high-dimensional entanglement distribution scheme for arbitrary quantum tree networks. By searching for a Steiner tree in a quantum network, we can achieve high-dimensional entanglement distributions over an arbitrary quantum network. We constructed a quantum fractal network based on d-dimensional GHZ states and analyzed the quantum transport properties of continuous quantum walks in the network. Compared with the continuous quantum walk on the Sierpinski gasket, the quantum walk on the new fractal network spreads more widely within the same time frame. Finally, we conducted five experiments to implement various basic modules of 2-party or 3-party entanglement distribution schemes in a superconducting quantum processor. Our study can serve as a building block for constructing large and complex quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A silicon-based ion trap chip protected from semiconductor charging","authors":"Daun Chung, Kwangyeul Choi, Woojun Lee, Chiyoon Kim, Hosung Shon, Jeonghyun Park, Beomgeun Cho, Kyungmin Lee, Suhan Kim, Seungwoo Yoo, Uihwan Jung, Changhyun Jung, Jiyong Kang, Kyunghye Kim, Roberts Berkis, Tracy Northup, Dong-Il ‘Dan’ Cho, Taehyun Kim","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/add04c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/add04c","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon-based ion trap chips can benefit from existing advanced fabrication technologies, such as multi-metal layer techniques for two-dimensional architectures and silicon photonics for the integration of on-chip optical components. However, the scalability of these technologies may be compromised by semiconductor charging, where photogenerated charge carriers produce electric potentials that disrupt ion motion. Inspired by recent studies on charge distribution mechanisms in semiconductors, we developed a silicon-based chip with gold coated on all exposed silicon surfaces. This modification significantly stabilized ion motion compared to a chip without such metallic shielding, a result that underscores the detrimental effects of exposed silicon. With the mitigation of background silicon-induced fields to negligible levels, quantum operations such as sideband cooling and two-ion entangling gates, which were previously infeasible with the unshielded chip, can now be implemented.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum caloric effects","authors":"Clebson Cruz, João S Amaral, Mario Reis","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/adcf47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adcf47","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum thermodynamics aims to explore quantum features to enhance energy conversion beyond classical limits. While significant progress has been made, the understanding of caloric potentials in quantum systems remains incomplete. In this context, this study focuses on deriving general expressions for these caloric potentials, by developing a quantum Maxwell relationship obtained from a thermal average form of the Ehrenfest theorem. Our results recover the classical cases and also reveal that the isothermal entropy change can be related to genuine quantum correlations in the system. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the understanding of the caloric behavior of quantum systems and their potential implication in caloric devices.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schmidt quantum compressor","authors":"Israel F Araujo, Hyeondo Oh, Nayeli A Rodríguez-Briones, Daniel K Park","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/adcd99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adcd99","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces the Schmidt quantum compressor, an innovative approach to quantum data compression that leverages the principles of Schmidt decomposition to encode quantum information efficiently. In contrast to traditional variational quantum autoencoders, which depend on stochastic optimization and face challenges such as shot noise, barren plateaus, and non-convex optimization landscapes, our deterministic method substantially reduces the complexity and computational overhead of quantum data compression. We evaluate the performance of the compressor through numerical experiments, demonstrating its ability to achieve high fidelity in quantum state reconstruction compared to variational quantum algorithms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the practical utility of the Schmidt quantum compressor in one-class classification tasks.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiated service entanglement routing for quantum networks","authors":"Hui Han, Bo Liu, Bang-Ying Tang, Si-Yu Xiong, Jin-Quan Huang, Wan-Rong Yu and Shu-Hui Chen","doi":"10.1088/2058-9565/adc82b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/adc82b","url":null,"abstract":"The entanglement distribution networks with various topologies are mainly implemented by active wavelength multiplexing routing strategies, which directly transmit entangled photons between quantum network nodes. However, designing an entanglement routing scheme, which achieves the maximized network connections and the optimal overall network efficiency simultaneously, remains a huge challenge for quantum networks. In this article, we propose a differentiated service entanglement routing (DSER) scheme, which firstly finds out the lowest loss paths and supported wavelength channels with the tensor-based path searching algorithm, and then allocates the paired channels with the differentiated routing strategies. The evaluation results show that the proposed DSER scheme can be performed for constructing various large scale quantum networks.","PeriodicalId":20821,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}