A. Stoica, T. Arslan, D. Keymeulen, V. Duong, R. Zebulum, I. Ferguson, T. Daud
{"title":"Evolutionary recovery from radiation induced faults on reconfigurable devices","authors":"A. Stoica, T. Arslan, D. Keymeulen, V. Duong, R. Zebulum, I. Ferguson, T. Daud","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368039","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation hard technologies for electronics are the conventional approach for survivability in high radiation environments. This paper presents a novel approach based on evolvable hardware. The key idea is to reconfigure a programmable device, in-situ, to compensate, or bypass its degraded or damaged components. The paper demonstrates the approach using a JPL-developed reconfigurable device, a field programmable transistor array (FPTA), which shows recovery from radiation damage when reconfigured under the control of evolutionary algorithms. Experiments with total radiation dose up to 350 kRad show that while the functionality of a variety of circuits, including a rectifier and a digital to analog converter implemented on an FPTA-2 chip is degraded/lost at levels before 100 kRad, the correct functionality can be recovered through the proposed evolutionary approach. The evolutionary algorithm controls the state of about 1,500 switches that determine configurations on the FTPA-2 programmable device. Evolution is able to use the resources of the reconfigurable cells, even radiation damaged components, to synthesize a new solution.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126689950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Method of using thin metallic foils to minimize thermal transients and photoelectric effects in pressure measurements","authors":"J. Booth, R. W. Milton, M.W. Kirkham","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368052","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the development of a method to reduce the transient effects on piezoelectric pressure transducers used in the measurement of blast overpressure produced by non-conventional explosives. This method was developed during testing of high-energy and non-conventional explosives at the Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) on the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. There are two major contributors that negatively affect the quality of data gathered in the measurement of blast overpressures using piezoelectric pressure transducers. These undesirable effects are thermal and photoelectric transients generated in the explosive blast. These transients were found to obscure the data generated by causing a non-positive amplitude shift in the pressure-time curves when trying to measure the performance of non-conventional explosives. This paper explores the phenomenon in detail, utilizing graphical data derived from laboratory experiments to explain the problem and to illustrate how the use of this method may improve blast measurements.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127812527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trajectory generation using a modified simple shooting method","authors":"A. Trent, R. Venkataraman, D. Doman","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368069","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we combine the theoretical result of Pontryagin's minimum principle and a new numerical method to obtain a fast algorithm for the trajectory design problem for a reusable launch vehicle. We work with the outer-loop equations for an aircraft and consider the angle-of-attack to be the input. We cast the trajectory design problem as an optimal control problem and use Pontryagin's minimum principle to obtain first order necessary conditions. These are in the form of a two-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP) and we solve them by means of the modified simple shooting method (MSSM). In recent work, the MSSM has been shown to be superior, both in speed and accuracy, for TPBVPs.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129009283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three dimensional imaging utilizing structured light","authors":"C. Liebe, C. Padgett, J. Chang","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368060","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method of remote sensing the 3-dimensional structure of the proximity utilizing a laser, a holographic grating, and a single regular CCD camera. Basically, the laser beam is split by a holographic grating to form a regular spaced grid of laser beams that are projected into the field of view of a CCD camera. The laser source and the CCD camera are physically separated forming the base of a triangle. The exit angle of the laser beam and the angle measured by the camera where the beam intersects a surface is a function of the distance. These two angles and the distance between the source and the camera allow calculation of the range to the projected spot using triangulation. This paper describes an experimental proof of concept and an empirical calibration of the system. Encouraging results are achieved and presented. Also, an application in which this system potentially would be used for a Mars landing is discussed.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131744657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A behavioral control approach to formation-keeping through an obstacle field","authors":"R. Dougherty, V. Ochoa, Z. Randles, C. Kitts","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1367602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1367602","url":null,"abstract":"This work addresses the problem of guiding a number of ground vehicles from some initial location to a specified destination, while avoiding obstacles in an unmapped field and maintaining formation relative to each other. Potential applications for recently developed ground formation are described in this paper, illustrating the need for autonomy in such formation systems. The behavior-base technique has been implemented to reach this autonomy in differential drive kinematics systems. The basic behaviors: move-to-goal, avoid-obstacle, maintain-relative-distance, maintain-relative-angle, and stop have been assigned to the independent systems to form a guidance algorithm. Validation of this guidance algorithm is carried out through simulations via Matlab/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127670578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shapiro, J. Bonner, O. Ogunseitan, J.-D.M. Shphores, J. Schoenung
{"title":"Pb-free microelectronics assembly in aerospace applications","authors":"A. Shapiro, J. Bonner, O. Ogunseitan, J.-D.M. Shphores, J. Schoenung","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368042","url":null,"abstract":"The commercial microelectronics industry is rapidly implementing Pb-free assembly strategy. This trend is driven by existing and proposed legislation in Europe and Japan, which has already led a number of firms (including AT&T, IBM, Motorola, HP and Intel) to adopt Pb-free implementation programs. This is another sign that the microelectronics industry has become truly global. Following Moore's law, progress in microelectronics is brisk but not uniform: in many cases, commercial industry is ahead of the aerospace sector in technology. Progress by commercial industry, along with cost, drives the use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) parts for military and space applications. We can thus anticipate that the aerospace industry, would be forced to use Pb-free components and subsystems as part of their standard business practices.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127874938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new control allocation method that accounts for effector dynamics","authors":"R. Venkataraman, M. Oppenheimer, D. Doman","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368067","url":null,"abstract":"Given a time history of desired moments, the control allocation problem is to solve for the effector inputs so that some norm of the error between the achieved and desired moments is minimized. Existing methods solve for the actuator deflections, while accounting for magnitude and rate limitations of the effectors. In this paper, we propose the dynamic control allocation (DCA) Method, that also accounts for effector dynamics, in addition to magnitude and rate limits. We show through numerical experiments that the DCA method allocates the desired moments according to effector bandwidths - that is the slow effectors are allocated the lower frequencies in the desired moments. The numerical simulations also show that the DCA outperforms the existing simplex algorithm based LP method, that does not account for actuator dynamics.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128419839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A low weight/power/cost infrared Earth sensor","authors":"G. Falbel","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368068","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes and analyzes a <2.5 cu. in Earth sensor weighing <100 grams, providing /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/ single axis attitude readout accuracy for Earth orbit altitudes below 800 km. Above 800 km, orbit altitudes, the same volume sensor, can provide two axis attitude readout with the same or better accuracy. These low volumes, weights and costs are achieved by using the spacecraft computer to implement a proprietary algorithm that compensates for seasonal Earth horizon infrared radiance variations. This algorithm is described in this paper. Improvements in the /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/ accuracy can also be achieved by sensor fusion with a 40 gram two axis Sun sensor, which is described in a referenced paper.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126948105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The l/f noise characteristics of a Schottky Junction Transistor: an ultra-low power, radiation hardened sub-threshold MESFET","authors":"R.J. Anderson, J. Spann, J. Yang, T. Thornton","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.4620172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.4620172","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the 1/f noise characteristics of a new sub-threshold device configuration, the Schottky junction transistor (SJT). Results from 2 mum gate length SJTs confirm the expected sub-threshold d.c. behavior. Room temperature measurements of the drain current noise power spectrum and the gate referred noise power spectrum are presented. Although still not optimized the prototype SJTs demonstrate good low-frequency 1/f noise characteristics","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114820098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kisner, C. Britton, U. Jagadish, J. Wilgen, M. Roberts, T. Blalock, D. Holcomb, M. Bobrek, M. Ericson
{"title":"Johnson noise thermometry for harsh environments","authors":"R. Kisner, C. Britton, U. Jagadish, J. Wilgen, M. Roberts, T. Blalock, D. Holcomb, M. Bobrek, M. Ericson","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368053","url":null,"abstract":"The technology of temperature measurement appears to some to be a mature field. However, to many, requirements for improved performance and reliability are a driver for continual scientific and technology advancement. Although Johnson noise has been proposed as a thermometry method for several decades, it is only recently that digital and analog electronics have made it possible to economically fabricate measurement systems based on Johnson noise. Johnson noise, which is a result of fundamental physics, is caused by the random thermal motions of electrons in all conductors. Its fundamental nature allows us to construct temperature measurement systems that do not require periodic calibration. Thus long, unattended operating intervals are feasible. Several unique implementations of Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) are possible. One permits temperature measurement without contacting the measured surface nductive JNT. Another implementation measures the Johnson noise of a resistance element in contact with the measured surface - conductive JNT. The resistive element in conductive JNT can be an RTD. Apparatus have been recently fabricated demonstrating the practicality of both JNT implementations. A demonstration of conductive JNT is planned at a nuclear facility within two years. We present new hardware implementations that allow real-time calibration of the signals that have the potential of allowing a fully-integrated, physically small and robust system to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132952181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}