J. Hornberger, A. Lostetter, K. Olejniczak, T. McNutt, S. Lal, A. Mantooth
{"title":"Silicon-carbide (SiC) semiconductor power electronics for extreme high-temperature environments","authors":"J. Hornberger, A. Lostetter, K. Olejniczak, T. McNutt, S. Lal, A. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368048","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the current state of SiC electronics research at Arkansas Power Electronics International, Inc. (APEI) with regard to high-temperature environments and applications. The University of Arkansas (UA) researchers' modeling and characterization of SiC power devices for these high-temperature environments are also discussed. Devices to be covered include SiC Schottky diodes, SiC power MOSFETs, and SiC static-induction-transistors (SITs). The paper reviews the current application of these devices to the specific harsh environments of deep Earth drilling and combat electric vehicles, as well as outline APEI's research work into developing operational SiC motor drives for these systems. It is proposed that this technology development be transferred to NASA space exploration applications. Two areas within the NASA program that would find this technology highly beneficial are (1) probes and landers that must operate in high-temperature environments and (2) ultra-lightweight power electronics for satellite and spacecraft power converter systems.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116406503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact modeling of environmentally induced radiation effects on electrical devices","authors":"X. Huang, A. Francis, A. Lostetter, H. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368054","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the feasibility of formalizing a compact modeling methodology for environmentally induced radiation effects, and of implementing that methodology into the Paragon compact modeling tool. For demonstration purposes, the paper focuses on two specific radiation effects implemented in a MOSFET device model. These two effects were chosen in order to illustrate two differing forms of model development. The first form takes existing device models and modifies the equations and/or variables already existing within that model to achieve the required results (behavioral modification). The second form adds completely new equations and variables to existing device models (behavioral augmentation). The MOSFET (1) threshold voltage shift due to total ionizing dosage (TID) and (2) leakage current increase due to TID, are two major device effects that fulfill both of these requirements. Voltage shift and leakage current are critical design issues in rad-hard electronics and space environments. The threshold voltage shift effects are implemented through the modification of device model equations, while leakage current increases are implemented with added behavioral macros to the model topology, thus fulfilling the second requirement. The use of the modified compact MOSFET model is illustrated in the simulation of an op-amp based filter. Gain and frequency shifts can be observed and compared as the circuit absorbs differing amounts of TID.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122599429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mojarradi, R. Cozy, Yuan Chen, E. Kolawa, M. Johnson, T. McCarthy, G. Levanas, B. Blalock, G. Burke, L. Del Castillo, A. Shapiro
{"title":"Application of commercial electronics in the motors and actuator systems for Mars surface missions","authors":"M. Mojarradi, R. Cozy, Yuan Chen, E. Kolawa, M. Johnson, T. McCarthy, G. Levanas, B. Blalock, G. Burke, L. Del Castillo, A. Shapiro","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368050","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial-off-the-shelf electronic components (COTS) offer a very low cost and attractive solution for construction of electronic systems for Mars missions, including the actuator electronic systems for the Mars Rovers. One issue with using COTS lies in the difference between their specified operating temperature range (-55/spl deg/C to125/spl deg/C for military components) and the temperatures observed at the surface of Mars (-120/spl deg/C to 20/spl deg/C). To compensate for the difference between these temperatures, most of the electronics are placed in a central warm-electronics-box or WEB. In some cases, such as the distributed control system for the actuators, the electronic assemblies that are to be placed on or near the motors are outside of the central WEB. The experimental search consists of two steps. First, a short functional/non-functional test at -120/spl deg/C is used to identify and narrow down the number of candidate COTS that can work at very cold temperatures. More extensive characterization of the parts that passes the short test is performed to determine the operating margins and estimate the thermal cycle life capability for the COTS parts. Finally, the operating margins of the COTS parts are published as a set of specifications.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128144512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast spherical search algorithm","authors":"C. Liebe","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368064","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an algorithm to search a number of spherical points and find the points that are within a given distance to a given point. The described algorithm is not optimal, but is easy to implement. Basically, it utilizes a number of spherical coverings to build the data structure. Results of an implementation are presented.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115438556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of technology developments in flywheel attitude control and energy transmission systems","authors":"V. Babuska, S. Beatty, B. deBlonk, J. Fausz","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368076","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade there has been an upswing in the interest of flywheel energy storage systems for space applications. This interest has been driven by limitations of chemical batteries for Air Force mission concepts, advances in microprocessors and composite materials, and the promise of using flywheel systems for energy storage and as attitude control actuators. The primary issues are power efficiency, mass and size, and long-term stability. Flywheels as one-to-one replacements for spacecraft batteries are competitive for only a few special missions. When flywheels replace components in two major bus subsystems, the potential weight and volume benefits are attractive. The objective of this paper is to describe the progression of flywheel technology state-of-the-art for integrated power and attitude control (IPAC) systems in space applications, and describe current AFRL efforts. The main technology areas that are addressed in this paper are flywheel designs, bearings containment and safety, and combined power distribution and attitude control.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126979045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergency escape vehicles and mechanisms for space shuttles","authors":"Shun-Wen Cheng","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368058","url":null,"abstract":"This study considers emergency escape vehicles (EEV) design for Space Shuttles. The proposed EEV has the reverse Apollo-style cone configuration, contains a manned gyro-stabilized suspension rotator sphere, and has a collapsible module. Therefore, it gives astronauts a high permissible gravitational loading and survivability. The proposed EEV has high volumetric efficiency and is removable, so the Space Shuttle still can carry a large payload. The designs of the EEV system greatly extend the lifespan of the remaining space shuttle fleet indeed.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133671793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Darrin, R. Osiander, J. Lehtonen, D. Farrar, D. Douglas, T. Swanson
{"title":"Novel micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) packaging for the skin of the satellite","authors":"M. Darrin, R. Osiander, J. Lehtonen, D. Farrar, D. Douglas, T. Swanson","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368043","url":null,"abstract":"This paper includes a discussion of the novel packaging techniques that are needed to place MEMS based thermal control devices on the skin of various satellites, eliminating the concern associated with potential particulates from integration and test or the launch environment. Protection of this MEMS based thermal device is achieved using a novel polymer that is both IR transmissive and electrically conductive. This polymer was originally developed and qualified for space flight application by NASA at the Langley Research Center. The polymer material, commercially known as CP1, is coated with a thin layer of ITO and sandwiched between two window-like frames. The packaging of the MEMS based radiator assembly offers the benefits of micro-scale devices in a chip on board fashion, with the level of protection generally found in packaged parts.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115402293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sequentially controlled distributed solar-array power system with maximum power tracking","authors":"K. Siri, K. Conner","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368075","url":null,"abstract":"Presented herein is the sequentially controlled distributed solar-array power system with maximum power tracking (MPT). The power system controller sequentially activates sufficient solar-array sourced dc-dc converter power-processing channels, of which paralleled-outputs supply power to a common load. A \"shared-bus\" current-sharing method utilizing distributed MPT control is employed to regulate parallel-connected current-mode converters dedicated to each power channel. Among the activated solar-array power channels, the most recently activated channel provides output bus voltage regulation while the previously activated channels are operated in MPT mode. The remaining inactive power channels consume negligible power resulting in lower component temperatures and improved overall long-term system reliability. Through modeling and simulation of a three-channel MPT power system, the sequentially controlled architecture and control concept are validated.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123172518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation acquisition sensor for the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission","authors":"J. Tien, J. Srinivasan, L. Young, G. Purcell","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368063","url":null,"abstract":"The Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) pre-project, an element of NASA's Origins program, is currently investigating multiple implementation architectures for finding Earth-like planets around other stars. One of the technologies being developed is the Formation Flying Interferometer (FFI). The FFI is envisioned to consist of up to seven spacecraft, each with an infrared telescope, flying in precise formation within /spl plusmn/1 cm of pre-determined trajectories for synchronized observations. The spacecraft-to-spacecraft separations are variable between 16 m and 100 m during observations to support various interferometer configurations in the planet-finding mode. The challenges involved with TPF autonomous operations, ranging from formation acquisition and formation maneuvering, to high precision formation flying during science observations are unprecedented for deep space missions. To meet these challenges, the Formation Sensor Testbed (FST) under the TPF technology program develops and demonstrates the key technology of the formation acquisition sensor. Key performance targets for the acquisition sensor are an instantaneous 4/spl pi/-steradian field of view and simultaneous range and bearing-angle measurements for multiple spacecraft with accuracy better than 50 cm and 1 degree, respectively. This paper describes the TPF FFI mission concept, the requirements for the acquisition sensor, design trades, the resulting sensor, and the technology to be demonstrated by the testbeds.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126674377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control of the aircraft-on-ground lateral motion during low speed roll and manoeuvers","authors":"J. Duprez, F. Mora-Camino, F. Villaume","doi":"10.1109/AERO.2004.1368061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2004.1368061","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to present the study of a yaw rate control of the aircraft-on-ground. Such a control law can ease ground handling and turn it safer. It helps to stabilize the aircraft trajectory and guarantee a predictable behavior. Due to the high non-linearities of the model, the control design methodology is based on feedback linearizing. This technique aims to design a non-linear controller that constrains the system outputs to follow a linear reference behavior. However, it supposes that the reference model perfectly corresponds to the real system. This assumption is not verified in this application (neglected dynamics, presence of saturations and high uncertainties). Nevertheless, as this article shows, maneuverability requirements can be assured in every case by slightly adapting and properly tuning the control law.","PeriodicalId":208052,"journal":{"name":"2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133878741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}