Radiation protection dosimetry最新文献

{"title":"Effects of extremely low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields on vital organs of adult Wistar rats and viability of mouse fibroblast cells.","authors":"Chandra Kant Singh Tekam, Shreyasi Majumdar, Pooja Kumari, Santosh Kumar Prajapati, Ajay Kumar Sahi, Richa Singh, Sairam Krishnamurthy, Sanjeev Kumar Mahto","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae220","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, scientific communities have been concerned about the potential health effects of periodic electromagnetic field exposure (≤1 h/d). The objective of our study is to determine the impact of extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF) (1-3 mT, 50 Hz) on mouse fibroblast (red fluorescent protein (RFP)-L929) cells and adult Wistar rats to gain a comprehensive understanding of biological effects. We observed that RFP-L929 exhibits no significant changes in cell proliferation and morphology but mild elevation in aspartate aminotransferases, alanine aminotransferases, total bilirubin, serum creatinine, and creatine kinase-myocardial band levels in ELF-PEMF exposed groups under in vitro and in vivo conditions. However, the histological examination showed no significant alterations in tissue structure and morphologies. Our result suggests that 50-Hz ELF-PEMF exposure (1-3 mT, 50 Hz) with duration (<1 h/d) can trigger mild changes in biochemical parameters, but it is insufficient to induce any pathological alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"88-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of external occupational exposure of radiation workers in Jiangsu Province, 2019-2022.","authors":"Wei Chen, Xindi Wei, Yuji Miao, Yuanyuan Zhou, Xiangyong Fan, Jin Wang","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae219","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article analyzes the external occupational radiation exposure distribution and trends among radiation workers in Jiangsu Province. The results show that the total annual collective effective dose for radiation workers in Jiangsu Province from 2019 to 2022 was 24.82 person·Sv, with an average annual effective dose of 0.34 mSv over the 4-y period. The average annual effective dose exhibited an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, with statistically significant differences (P < .001) between different years. In the medical uses, nuclear medicine and interventional radiology had higher average annual effective doses compared to other categories, at 0.42 and 0.38 mSv, respectively (P < .05). In industrial applications, accelerator operation and industrial testing workers had higher average annual effective doses compared to others, at 0.32 and 0.31 mSv, respectively (P < .001). Among different levels of medical institutions, secondary hospitals had the highest average annual effective dose (0.38 mSv, P < .001). Overall, the average annual effective dose for radiation workers in Jiangsu Province remained relatively low from 2019 to 2022, meeting national standards. However, special attention should still be given to radiation workers in nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, industrial testing, and accelerator operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation dose assessment during dental cone beam computed tomography procedures in Sri Lanka towards establishing a dose reference level.","authors":"Madumali Nissanka, Duminda Satharasinghe, Jeyasingam Jeyasugiththan, Wikum Bandara, Wasundara Wijayasinghe, Indika Weerapperuma, Nadeena Jayasuriya, Ruwan Jayasinghe","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae215","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assesses radiation doses in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) procedures in Sri Lanka, with the goal of establishing initial diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Data from 1162 retrospective scans across four institutions were analyzed, and the medians of the pooled dose distribution for seven clinical indication categories were presented as the DRL values. The proposed DRLs based on clinical indications are 1013 mGy·cm2 for pathological conditions including cysts, tumors, and lesions, 1307 mGy·cm2 for implant planning, 1266 mGy·cm2 for presurgery assessment, and 1585 mGy·cm2 for evaluation of sinus and nasal pathology, temporomandibular disorder, and facial trauma. Considerable variability in doses across facilities was observed, driven by differences in equipment and imaging practices. Therefore, this study recommends adopting suggested DRL values as benchmarks, standardizing protocols to reduce dose variability, and implementing a national framework for regular updates of DRL values.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of equivalent dose assessment methodology for the lens of the eye at nuclear power plant workers.","authors":"Siyoung Kim, Jungkwon Son, Cheon-Woo Kim","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae216","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the International Commission on Radiological Protection lowers the equivalent dose limit for lens of the eye of radiation workers, the importance of radiation protection for the lens of the eye has been increased. In the case of poor working condition, such as high temperatures and humid environments at nuclear power plants, wearing an eye dosemeter near the worker's eye may interfere with work. In addition, it would not be reasonable for all workers to wear an eye dosemeter to evaluate the lens equivalent dose even in areas with an expected low exposure dose in the NPPs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an indirect assessment method for lens equivalent dose. The purpose of this study is to develop an indirect assessment method for a lens equivalent dose using correlation factors between whole-body dose and eye. The correlation factors are calculated by MCNP simulation results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the dynamics of radon concentration buildup in the closed-loop measurement system with RAD7 online radon monitor.","authors":"Chitra Natarajan, Chandrasekaran Seethapathy, Venkata Srinivas Challa, Venkatraman Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae225","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radon and thoron exhalation rates from samples are estimated by the standard closed-loop technique using online radon monitors. Conventionally, the mass balance equation is formulated by considering the closed air volume of the sample chamber and the detector chamber put together. This model serves the purpose of estimating the radon/thoron exhalation rates for the prescribed pump flow rate of 1 L min-1 using RAD7 online monitor. The flow rate requirement is crucial for thoron measurement due to its short half-life. In the present work, an alternate model is proposed which simulates the dynamics of radon/thoron concentration dictated by the air entry and exit rate and brings out the effect of pump flow rate. This model is more of academic interest, where sample chamber and detector chamber are considered as two separate entities since they are separated by tubing. The mass balance equation is reformulated considering the air entry and exit in and out the individual chambers. The radon buildup in the sample chamber and detector chamber were treated separately by two coupled differential equations. The equations were numerically solved. The model reiterated the fact that the lower flow rates do not affect the buildup profile of relatively long-lived 222Rn (half-life 3.8 d) and its steady-state concentration attained in the closed air volume. However, experiments carried out for flow rates 0.3 and 0.5 L min-1 with RAD7 monitor using powdered granite sample with higher 226Ra and 232Th concentrations gave contradicting results. The radon effective removal rate was found to decrease with increase in flow rate from 0.3 to 1 L min-1. This issue was investigated, and it was speculated that the thoron interference problem might not be properly addressed for flow rates <1 L min-1. This was ascertained by observing the effective radon removal rate in the absence of thoron by conducting radon decay experiments with different flow rates. For the case of short-lived thoron (half-life 55 s), the model described the dynamics of thoron concentration in the closed loop and the steady-state concentrations attained in the detector and sample chamber. As expected, the model showed that due to decay losses during transit of thoron between the chambers, the steady-state concentrations attained in the chambers considerably differ from each other even for 1 L min-1 flow rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of thyroid dose in orthopantomogram imaging with different thyroid shield materials: a Monte Carlo simulation study.","authors":"Hassan Vafapour, Soraya Panah, Payman Rafiepour, Seyedeh Roghayeh Panahi","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae221","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiation protection in dental radiography can be achieved by adjusting the image field size, exposure, and filtration parameters, and using protective lead shields. The aim of this study is to assess the radiation dose delivered to the thyroid in a phantom irradiated by an orthopantomogram (OPG) system using Geant4 simulation toolkit. Recently, researchers have been trying to find an alternative material to the lead thyroid shield so that the OPG image has minimal metal artifacts. In this study, several materials were introduced as alternatives to lead thyroid shields. The results showed that Pb, Bi, Bi2O3, stainless steel, polyurethane-Bi2O3 (50%-50% mixture), and polyurethane-W (50%-50% mixture) shields provide a thyroid dose reduction of up to 12.0%, 12.3%, 12.0%, 11.6%, 11.8%, and 12.0%, respectively. For the truncated thyroid shields, these values are up to 10.5%, 10.3%, 10.3%, 9.80%, 10.0%, and 10.1%, respectively. Therefore, Bi and Bi2O3 can be suitable alternatives to lead thyroid shields.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutron dose estimation by 24Na measurements in the triage of exposed individuals after criticality accidents: a case study of the Tokaimura criticality accident.","authors":"Munehiko Kowatari, Osamu Kurihara","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae222","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the neutron dose estimation for the triage of personnel involved in criticality accidents by conducting 24Na measurements via the whole-body measurement method. For a case study, we examined the September 1999 Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co. criticality accident (internationally known as \"the Tokaimura accident\"). We investigated the neutron-induced radionuclides produced in worker C's body due to the irradiation of the primary pulse. A total of 87 radionuclides were identified, with activities ranging from 1.3 × 10-19 Bq to 6.9 × 106 Bq for worker C by Monte Carlo simulations. The radionuclide with the highest activity was revealed by calculation results: 28Al (t1/2 = 2.2 min) 6.9 × 106 Bq. The specific activity of 38Cl reached a level that was three times that of 24Na. These radionuclides would severely affect the 24Na measurement in the whole-body measurements performed in the immediate post-accident period. Spectrometry would be preferable for determining 24Na specific activities by whole-body measurements at accident sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"63-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of OSL nanoDot dosimetry in different treatment techniques for head and neck cancer.","authors":"Ingrid M Negrete-Hernandez, Ivonne B Lozano, Jesus Roman-Lopez, Jesus I Guzman-Castañeda","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae217","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, technological advances have been made in the field of radiotherapy and with it the emergence of new dosimetric systems for their calibration and commissioning, among other uses. Such is the case of the measurement in the build-up region, where there is no charged-particle equilibrium, which is reflected in the increase in surface dose for patient treatments and potential skin toxicities as a secondary effect. This study utilizes optically stimulated dosemeters (nanoDot) and the radiochromic film (EBT3) to measure skin doses in patients with head and neck cancer who received radiotherapy. Accurately depicting 15 patients with different diagnoses from 3 linear accelerators using 3D, intensity modulated radiation therapy, or volumetric arc therapy/RapidArc technology, these results were compared with those calculated in the treatment planning system (TPS) and obtaining a percentage of variation for the EBT3 ranged from 0.30% to 6.15%, while that observed for the nanoDot was from 0.51% to 4.88%. This difference may be attributed to the reproducibility of placement in patients. Therefore, for clinical use, nanoDot dosemeters are a viable alternative for in vivo dosimetry where rapid validation of planning system results is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo implementation of a Gaussian plume model for submersion dose calculation at short downwind distances.","authors":"Tommaso Lorenzon, Francesco Bonforte, Luca Codispoti, Stefano Agosteo, Michele Ferrarini","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae218","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, the submersion dose due to a radioactive cloud of pollutants was evaluated at short downwind distances from an emission stack. The atmospheric transport of contaminants was modelled using the Gaussian plume model (GPM). The algorithm for dose computation and its hypotheses were analysed. Two relevant issues were discussed: the semi-infinite cloud approximation used for pre-calculated dose conversion factors and the lack of a radiation transport model for dose computation outside the radioactive cloud. The GPM-based software HotSpot and GENII V2.10 and a FLUKA Monte Carlo GPM implementation were compared in a scenario characterized by a low release height and two different simplified atmospheric conditions. Compared to FLUKA, HotSpot and GENII V2.10 results showed a significant dose overestimation inside the plume. Moreover, in extremely stable meteorological conditions, only the Monte Carlo code could detect the ground-level dose contribution from an overhead plume.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of the proficiency test for the Ka CMC of the SSDL-ININ Mexico, for diagnostic radiology IEC 61267:2005 and radiation protection ISO 4037:2019 X-ray beam qualities.","authors":"José Trinidad Álvarez Romero, Gonzalo Walwyn Salas, María de Los Angeles Montes Rodríguez, Mario Raymundo Cabrera Vertti, Andy Luis Romero Acosta","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae208","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work describes the results for the bilateral comparison between the Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (SSDL-ININ), Mexico, and the pilot laboratory, the Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones (SSDL-CPHR), Cuba, for the realization of the air kerma (${boldsymbol{K}}_{boldsymbol{a}}$) quantity to: (i) diagnostic X-ray (DXR) IEC 61267:2005 beam qualities: RQR 5 RQR 9, RQT 8, and RQT 9 and (ii) radiation protection (RP) ISO 4037:2019 X-ray beam qualities: N60, N100, and W60, as well S-Cs for gamma radiation. The matched and characterized reference fields are realized at SSDL-ININ with a Toshiba E7252FX X-ray tube. In all cases, the ${boldsymbol{K}}_{boldsymbol{a}}$ measurements are traceable to PTB, except for S-Cs, traceable to ININ. The SSDL-CPHR realizes its reference radiation beam qualities also as matched reference fields with a Pantak HF160C X-ray tube. For the S-Cs beam quality, the CPHR uses a Buchler OB6 irradiator; the ININ, a Siemens Cesagammatron. The transfer ionization chambers calibrated in the RQR and RQT qualities are an Exradin A650/DO70312; for the RQT qualities for CT, a PTW 30009/0655 and RC3CT/9217 were calibrated; and for the RP X-ray qualities, the Exradin A650/DO70312 and a PTW 32002/073 were calibrated. The ratio ${boldsymbol{R}}_{boldsymbol{k}}$ of the resulting calibration coefficients ${boldsymbol{N}}_{{boldsymbol{K}}_{boldsymbol{a}}}$ of each SSDL of the RQR qualities are consistent within the $boldsymbol{U}left(boldsymbol{k}=mathbf{2}right)%$ ≤ 2.3%; for the RQT qualities, the differences are less than the $boldsymbol{U}left(boldsymbol{k}=mathbf{2}right)%$ ≤ 3.6%; and for the RP X-ray qualities, within the order of $boldsymbol{U}left(boldsymbol{k}=mathbf{2}right)%$ ≤ 3.5%. For the S-Cs quality, the ${boldsymbol{R}}_{boldsymbol{k}}$ is in the order of $boldsymbol{U}left(boldsymbol{k}=mathbf{2}right)$ ≤ 3.0%. It should be noted that the ININ U's are generally larger due to the failure of the ${boldsymbol{k}}_{boldsymbol{TP}}$ correction factor, a brief discussion is given here. The ${boldsymbol{E}}_{boldsymbol{n}}$ score from ISO 17043 provides statistical support to this comparison.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":" ","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}