Radiation protection dosimetry最新文献

{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Eva Forssell-Aronsson, Christian Bernhardsson","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protracted exposure to 134Cs and 137Cs gives substantial contribution to long-term thyroid absorbed dose after nuclear power plant accidents.","authors":"Robert Wålinder, Mats Isaksson, Christopher Rääf, Martin Tondel","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid dose estimations after nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents are traditionally based on internal uptake of radioiodine, mainly 131I, either by instrumental measurements of thyroid uptake or by ecological estimations based on geographical dispersion of the radioiodine cloud, demographics, and food habits. However, it has been shown that 134Cs and 137Cs in some cases can be the dominant contributors to the thyroid dose over long time following NPP accidents. Based on an ecological model using Swedish-specific parameters of the radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986, estimations of the protracted (30 years) thyroid absorbed dose were made for the population in northern Sweden (2.2 million inhabitants in 1986). The internal dose contribution was estimated from both the short-lived nuclides-mainly 131I (T½,phys = 8.1 d) in dairy milk and from inhalation-and nuclides with longer half-lives-134Cs (T½,phys = 2.06 y) and 137Cs from aggregate ecological transfer of radiocesium in foodstuff (T½,phys = 30.2 y). The external radiation dose to the thyroid was based on air-borne measurements of the ground deposition of 137Cs, combined with absorbed dose contribution of short-lived radionuclides and with correction for shielding from residential buildings and snow cover. The total thyroid absorbed dose from 1986 to 2015 ranged from 0.06 to 15.5 mGy (mean 2.0 mGy) among subjects in the study population. The calculated mean thyroid absorbed dose the first year was 0.7 mGy, where radioiodine accounted for ~0.3 mGy. The protracted thyroid absorbed dose after 30 years was 0.3 mGy (15%) from 131I, and 1.7 mGy (85%) from internal and external 134Cs and 137Cs taken together. Hence, the estimated mean absorbed dose contribution from radiocesium was higher than for radioiodine (131I) both in the first year and in the consecutive 30 years. Furthermore, the 30-year external absorbed dose (1.2 mGy) dominates over the internal absorbed dose (0.8 mGy) to the thyroid. This finding is of relevance for low-dose exposure epidemiological studies of thyroid cancer which previously have focused solely on radioiodine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"899-904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDAC-BioDose, a complete biokinetic and dosimetric software tool designed for diagnostic nuclear medicine and built on the ICRP computational framework.","authors":"Martin Andersson, Richard Leggett, Keith Eckerman, Sören Mattsson","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Internal dosimetry of diagnostic nuclear medicine requires biokinetic and anatomical models to estimate the radiation exposure from a radiopharmaceutical. Biokinetic models predict the uptake, turnover, and retention of the radionuclide in organs and tissues, while anatomical models estimate energy absorption from decay using computational phantoms. To make more accurate predictions of biokinetic transfer, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has introduced a new compartmental framework, based on a systemic blood model, which can be used to estimate the transfer of the administered radionuclides between organs and tissues. The ICRP Task Group 36 (TG-36) is developing the biokinetic models and dosimetric calculations for radiopharmaceuticals for the ICRP. IDAC-BioDose integrates compartmental modeling and IDAC-Dose2.2. For the biokinetic predictions, transfer rates are generated through empirical data by curve fitting. IDAC-BioDose is benchmarked with SAAMII and DCAL and is used by ICRP TG-36 to revise the biokinetics and dosimetry for ICRP Publ. 128. This comprehensive software expedites absorbed dose and effective dose assessments in the field of diagnostic nuclear medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"905-910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of 137Cs and 90Sr in wood fuels and their ashes available in Austria.","authors":"Viktoria Herzner, Christian Katzlberger, Christoph Pfeifer, Franz Josef Maringer, Martin Weigl-Kuska","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the radiological risk of wood fuels and their ashes in Austria, including wood chips, logs, pellets, and briquettes. Commercially purchased wood fuels are often of unknown origin and may have been imported. 137Cs activity concentrations were measured in wood fuels (69 samples) and their ashes (27 samples) using gamma-ray spectrometers with high-purity germanium detectors. 90Sr analyses were performed on 12 ash samples after chemical separation using PerkinElmer 1220 Quantulus™ liquid scintillation counters. Results showed 137Cs activity concentrations ranging from 0.327 to 8.36 Bq kg-1 in wood fuels (average 2.1 Bq kg-1) and from 11.80 to 867 Bq kg-1 in ashes (average 310 Bq kg-1). The 90Sr activity concentrations in ashes ranged from 363 to 1200 Bq kg-1 (average 655 Bq kg-1). Summarizing, this study suggests that wood fuels currently available in Austria do not pose a significant radiological risk from their ashes, negating the need for import regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"948-959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry using NaCl pellets in breast x-ray imaging.","authors":"Anna Bjerkén, Maria Karampiperi, Hanna Tomic, Magnus Dustler, Christopher Rääf, Anders Tingberg, Christian Bernhardsson, Predrag R Bakic","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, NaCl pellets read with optically stimulated luminescence were evaluated for their potential use as a point dosemeter in breast x-ray imaging. Dosimetry with NaCl pellets has previously been applied to various environmental and medical settings. NaCl pellets have potential in clinical breast dosimetry because they can enable multiple point measurements to be simultaneously conducted in a cost- and time-efficient manner. Using two digital mammography imaging systems, the air kerma response of the NaCl pellets for a standard breast setup was investigated. The air kerma response was observed to be linear, and mathematical fits were successfully used to estimate the cumulative incident air kerma during digital breast tomosynthesis. Deviations from a reference digital dosemeter were 6% and 8% for the two mammography systems, respectively. Measurements conducted at different angles of exposure showed that the NaCl pellets had no angular dependency in the range ± 15°. Finally, the uniformity of the beams was confirmed to avoid possible errors due to the uncertainty of the dosemeters' positions in the exposure field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"960-965"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method to determine the distance, shielding and activity of orphan 137Cs sources in mobile gamma spectrometric search.","authors":"Christopher Rääf, Mattias Jönsson, Marius-Catalin Dinca, Robert Finck","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A mobile gamma spectrometer's series of pulse height distributions (gamma spectra) acquired when passing a point source contains enough information to derive the distance to the source, its shielding and activity. Two Excel routines, SODAC and SSC, have been developed to determine these source parameters. SODAC determines the source-road distance by finding the best fit of the measured series of the primary photon peak count rates to a count rate function characteristic of the distance to the source. A possible source shield reduces the primary count rate and raises the count rate from Compton scattered photons in the shield. SSC calculates the shield mass thickness for common building material using ratio functions of scattered to primary count rates obtained from measurements on known shielding geometries. SODAC then calculates the source activity. The technique was practically tested for 137Cs point sources but can also be applied to other gamma-emitting radionuclides.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"934-940"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nordic Society for Radiation Protection-an important forum for radiological protection knowledge.","authors":"Jack Valentin, Sören Mattsson","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nordic Society for Radiation Protection (NSFS) was founded in 1964 at the initiative of Rolf Sievert. Its task is to activate the exchange of knowledge and experience in the Nordic countries regarding protection against ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, for all kinds of occupational, medical, or public exposures. NSFS has always included members from all five Nordic countries and was a founding member of IRPA, the International Radiation Protection Association. Since 1966, NSFS has had regular meetings at 3- or 4-year intervals, in turn in each of the Nordic countries. In addition, NSFS has arranged various themed meetings. The meetings of the Society have been informal and collaborative and important for transfer of skills between generations. The activities have stimulated Nordic co-operation regarding nuclear safety research, nuclear waste, radioecology, medical radiology, and clinical physics, as well as Nordic postgraduate courses. NSFS lives up to the IRPA motto of being the international voice of the RP profession.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"854-859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some historical incidents with nuclear submarines along the Norwegian coast.","authors":"Skjalg A Fagerjord","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been an increase in the activities of naval nuclear-powered vessels in the High North and vessels carrying radioactive waste along the Norwegian coastline. Previously, there have been incidents with such vessels in the sea area near Norway, which also require emergency handling from the Norwegian authorities. This article gives some examples of historical events that have been particularly interesting. The incidents include reactor or cooling system failures, fires and the actions of crews.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"1017-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current trends in radiocarbon in Skagerrak and Kattegat assessed by brown algae from Swedish coastal waters.","authors":"K Eriksson Stenström, S Mattsson","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon-14 often dominates the effective dose to the public from authorized discharges from Swedish nuclear power plants (NPPs). In contrast to air-borne releases, water-borne discharges of 14C are currently not routinely monitored at Swedish NPPs. We have measured 14C in Fucus spp. (brown algae, used as bioindicators of 14C) in shallow waters at the Swedish west coast from 2020 to 2024. At Ringhals NPP, 14C in Fucus spp. was up to ~50 per cent higher than at nearby marine reference sites and was also higher than observed in the nearby terrestrial environment. The local marine environment of Ringhals NPP showed high spatial and temporal variability in 14C. Carbon-14 in Fucus spp. was generally higher in Skagerrak than in the more southernly Kattegat, likely mainly due to influence from discharges from the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in La Hague in France and from its counterpart in Sellafield in the UK.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"1006-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting external dose rate and ground deposition of Chornobyl fallout in the Gävle region in Sweden: comparison between estimates from soil sampling vs in situ measurements using a field portable NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer.","authors":"Christopher Rääf, Mattias Jönsson, Christian Bernhardsson","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncaf040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaf040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A field survey was conducted in Sweden with the purpose to revisit the ground deposition of Chornobyl 137Cs and the associated ambient dose equivalent rate, H* (10), at various measuring locations in the Gävle and Älvkarleby municipalities. The specific purpose was to compare the 137Cs deposition values as measured in situ using a field portable gamma spectrometer [3″(Ø) × 3″ NaI(Tl)-crystal] with the ex situ estimates obtained from gamma spectrometry of soil cores taken at the measuring locations. An additional purpose was to re-assess the effective ecological half-times of the Cs-contribution to the H* (10) and compare with a previous assessment done for data until 2013. The results show that ex-situ soil sample data exceed the 137Cs deposition values from the field portable NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer by, on average, 50%. The discrepancy could mainly attributed to the difference between the actual field-of-view seen by the portable device at 1 m above ground compared with the calibration geometry of an infinite planar surface with a Cs ground penetration at 3 g cm-2. The H* (10) measurements collected in 2022 could indicate that the effective ecological half-time of 137Cs attributed ambient dose equivalent rate in the area ranges between 10 and 20 y instead of the 6.8 y obtained from the previous assessment of data between 1987 and 2013. The findings demonstrate, however, the usability of the portable field gamma spectrometer when used to characterize the long-term time dynamics of external doses from 137Cs in cases where the 137Cs dose contribution is well below normal background levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":"201 13-14","pages":"941-947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}