Radiation protection dosimetry最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating lead-free alternatives for radiation shielding in diagnostic radiology: a case study from a tertiary general hospital in Korea.","authors":"Eunhye Kim, Byeungeun Kim, Taeho Han, Jungmin Kim, Hoiwoun Jeong, Sookyung Chung, Harim Choi","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the continued increase in the number of pieces of diagnostic medical radiography equipment being used, radiation shielding in radiology departments is becoming increasingly important. Lead is the most commonly used material for radiation protection; however, there are numerous disadvantages associated with the use of lead, including environmental hazards and harm to the human body. Alternative shielding materials that can be used as replacements include barium sulfate, tungsten, or bismuth. Among alternative materials, barium sulfate appears to be the most cost-effective and easiest to process. In the present study, before constructing shielding barriers, a barrier thickness program for lead-free barrier materials based on National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 147 was used to determine the appropriate barrier thickness. The required thickness for lead-free boards for each type of diagnostic radiography room was calculated based on a tertiary general hospital in the Republic of Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An electronic energy compensation method for flattening the energy response of SiPM-GGAG:Ce,B based gamma detector.","authors":"Saurabh Srivastava, Pratip Mitra, Amit Kumar, Sunil Singh, Mohit Tyagi, Aerattukkara Vinod Kumar, Anita Topkar","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The energy response of gross gamma dose rate monitors needs to be flat in order to prevent overestimation of dose at low gamma energies. In this paper, a discriminator threshold modulation based electronic energy compensation algorithm has been proposed for SiPM-scintillator based gamma detectors. Theoretical simulation studies were carried out in order to optimize the parameters of the periodic ramp voltage used for modulation of the discriminator threshold of a SiPM-GGAG:Ce,B based gamma dose rate monitor. A customized threshold modulation circuit and signal processing electronics were developed for this gamma detector. For experimentally optimizing the parameters, the energy response studies of the detector, with and without the discriminator threshold modulation, were carried out. With the optimized parameters for a periodic ramp threshold, the count rates for 241Am (60 keV) and 60Co (1173 and 1332 keV) were observed to be within ±30% of the count rate obtained for 137Cs (662 keV). Using the electronic energy compensation techniques presented in this paper, a flat energy response of the SiPM-scintillator gamma detector for the energy range of 60 keV to 1.5 MeV could be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach to assess real workload of medical linear accelerators in Sri Lanka.","authors":"Vijitha Ramanathan, Dunusinghe Karunasagara Mudiyanselage Upeksha Laksarani Jayaweera, Athukoralalage Dilki Ayodya Dharani Athukorala, Noorul Jinnah Zeron Anas, Kanthasamy Aravinthan, Appudurai Ramalingam","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the introduction of new radiotherapy treatment techniques and the increased number of cancer patients, there is a higher possibility of redundant workload on radiotherapy machines. Therefore, this study aims to assess the workload in three linear accelerator units. An 8-week survey was conducted in the selected three units, during which all treatment parameters were accumulated. The highest number of treatment sessions per week and highest weekly workload of dose at the isocenter were reported as 465 ± 24 and 1295 ± 93 Gy, respectively in the Varian unit at Apeksha Hospital. The cardinal angle was identified as the 00-300 range in all selected units. The modulation factors for the intensity modulated radiotherapy techniques showed significant variations among the three units. The estimated real weekly workload is quite high compared to previous studies. This study recommends conducting at least a one-year survey, considering all parameters, to obtain more reliable results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142294000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy resolution improvement in simplified alpha spectroscopy for radionuclidic purity tests on 225Ac production floors.","authors":"Yuma Mihei, Kotaro Tani, Jun Ichinose, Kotaro Nagatsu, Masahiro Fukushi, Osamu Kurihara, Kazumasa Inoue","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae185","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the feasibility of a simplified method of alpha spectroscopy for radionuclidic purity tests at 225Ac production sites that eliminates the need for a vacuum chamber. The impact of enhancing the energy resolution using a collimator was evaluated through radiation transport simulations. The results showed that a full width at tenth maximum (FWTM) of <300 keV was achieved for alpha particles from 241Am, for which the main energy peak was 5.5 MeV. Experimental validation using an electrodeposition source containing 237Np, 241Am, and 244Cm confirmed an FWTM of 272 keV for both 241Am and 244Cm. These two peaks, with a difference of ~300 keV, were effectively separated. In response to the growing demand for targeted radioisotope therapy, this simplified alpha spectroscopy method offers the potential to detect 226Ra mixed with 225Ac generated by accelerators, given the alpha energy difference of ~700 keV.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological impact assessment of natural radioactivity in soil and water in Cape Coast North, Central Region of Ghana.","authors":"Ruth Araba Tawiah Annan, Moses Jojo Eghan, Joseph Kwabena Amoako, Francis Otoo, Dennis Kpakpo Adotey, Irene Opoku-Ntim, Charles Kansaana, Prince James Adeti","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae188","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study is to evaluate natural radioactivity and its radiological impact on the health of the populace within Cape Coast North. Soil and water samples were taken and analysed using a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Results for the average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples range from 15.0 to 60.8 Bq/kg with a mean of 20.9 ± 7.2 Bq/kg, 16.3 to 97.2 Bq/kg with a mean of 43.8 ± 2.4 Bq/kg, and 4.7 to 411.4 Bq/kg with an average of 140.6 ± 4.2 Bq/kg, respectively. The absorbed dose rate in air and outdoor annual effective dose to the public were estimated to be 46.6 nGyh-1 and 0.1 mSv, respectively, which fell below the recommended average. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in water samples were 1.4, 0.4, and 1.2 Bq/L, respectively. The annual effective dose is 0.4 mSv, which is greater than the WHO recommended level of 0.1 mSv/y.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A performance comparison study between two HPGe lung counters with different detector configurations.","authors":"Masayuki Naito, Yuki Tamakuma, Yuma Mihei, Kazuaki Yajima, Kotaro Tani, Eunjoo Kim, Munehiko Kowatari, Osamu Kurihara","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae183","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compares the performance of old and new lung counters in the National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology of Japan. The total sensitive area of the detector crystals for the new lung counter is ~15% smaller than that for the old lung counter. Minimum detectable activities (MDAs) for 241Am and 239Pu were evaluated through experiments using a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory torso phantom. Despite differences in detector configuration, the MDAs were found to be comparable between the two lung counters. For a chest wall thickness of 2.1 cm and a counting time of 30 min, the MDAs of 241Am and 239Pu were 5.7 and 2300 Bq for the old lung counter, and 5.5 and 2600 Bq for the new lung counter, respectively. Experimental results for the relative sensitivities between left-side and right-side detectors suggested that the new lung counter offered better measurement geometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality training for radiation safety in cardiac catheterization laboratories - an integrated study.","authors":"Asahi Fujiwara, Sota Fujimoto, Ren Ishikawa, Aoi Tanaka","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae187","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of fluoroscopically guided cardiology procedures has greatly improved patient outcomes but has also increased occupational radiation exposure for healthcare professionals, leading to adverse health effects such as radiation-induced cataracts, alopecia, and cancer. This emphasizes the need for effective radiation safety training. Traditional training methods, often based on passive learning, fail to simulate the dynamic catheterization laboratory environment adequately. Virtual Reality (VR) offers a promising alternative by providing immersive, interactive experiences that mimic real-world scenarios without the risks of actual radiation exposure. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of VR-based radiation safety training compared to traditional methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 48 healthcare professionals in a catheterization lab setting. Participants underwent a 1-hour self-directed VR training session using Virtual Medical Coaching's RadSafe VR software, which simulates real-world clinical scenarios. Pre- and post-intervention radiation dose levels were measured using personal dosimeters at the eye, chest, and pelvis. Knowledge and skills were assessed through tests, and feedback was gathered through surveys and interviews. Statistical analysis revealed significant reductions in radiation exposure across all professional groups after VR training. For cardiologists, the eye dose dropped by 21.88% (from 2.88 mSv to 2.25 mSv), the chest dose decreased by 21.65% (from 4.11 mSv to 3.22 mSv), and the pelvis dose went down by 21.84% (from 2.06 mSv to 1.61 mSv). Perioperative nurses experienced similar reductions, with eye doses decreasing by 14.74% (from 1.56 mSv to 1.33 mSv), chest doses by 26.92% (from 2.6 mSv to 1.9 mSv), and pelvis doses by 26.92% (from 1.3 mSv to 0.95 mSv). Radiographers saw their eye doses reduced by 18.95% (from 0.95 mSv to 0.77 mSv), chest doses by 42.11% (from 1.9 mSv to 1.1 mSv), and pelvis doses by 27.63% (from 0.76 mSv to 0.55 mSv).Participants reported enhanced engagement, improved understanding of radiation safety, and a preference for VR over traditional methods. A cost analysis also demonstrated the economic advantages of VR training, with significant savings in staff time and rental costs compared to traditional methods. Our findings suggest that VR is a highly effective and cost-efficient training tool for radiation safety in healthcare, offering significant benefits over traditional training approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11413571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implantation of CRT pacemaker during pregnancy: estimated fetal radiation dose.","authors":"Anna-Leena Manninen, Jukka Järvinen, Joanna Sierpowska, Timo J Mäkelä, Tuomas T Rissanen","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae182","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The benefits of a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation are known in severe heart failure and its implantation may also be considered during pregnancy to ensure safe pregnancy and delivery for both the mother and the fetus. This study on a patient case aimed to estimate the absorbed dose (AD) to the fetus during the CRT implantation of 21st week of the pregnant woman. AD measurement was done using anthropomorphic phantom, radiophotoluminescence dosemeters and Monte Carlo simulation utilizing kerma area product (KAP) of the procedures. The measured AD for a phantom's uterus and heart was 0.116 and 14.7 mGy with total KAP of 27.9 Gycm2. The estimated actual AD to the fetus and the mother's heart was 0.004 and 1.2 mGy, with total KAP of 1.5 Gycm2. The dose to the fetus can be minimized with the optimized procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation exposure to patients undergoing percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography: an advanced phantom study.","authors":"Duygu Tunçman, Eren Özgür, Ali Emre Nayci, Osman Günay, Fahrettin Fatih Kesmezacar, Songül Çavdar Karaçam, Güngör Üzüm, Mustafa Demir, Baki Akkuş, Wiam Elshami, Ghada Almisned, Huseyin Ozan Tekin","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae184","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoroscopic examinations like Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) are fundamental in diagnosing and treating hepatobiliary diseases. However, these procedures expose patients to significant radiation, highlighting the need for a detailed assessment of the radiation doses received by critical organs. The study's primary objective is to determine the experimental doses received by critical organs in patients undergoing these procedures. This study utilized an Alderson RANDO phantom outfitted with Thermoluminescent Dosemeters (TLDs) to experimentally measure the radiation doses received by various organs during ERCP and PTC procedures. This method provided direct and accurate data on organ-specific radiation exposure, contrasting with the traditional approach of relying on theoretical simulations. The analysis revealed that PTC generally results in higher radiation doses to organs compared to ERCP. Critical organs, such as the thyroid, spleen, liver, pancreas, ovaries, and uterus, were exposed to varying levels of radiation, with the thyroid and spleen receiving particularly high doses in PTC. The study also demonstrated that the per-minute radiation exposure was consistently higher in PTC across all examined organs. The study's findings underscore the significant radiation exposure associated with ERCP and PTC, with PTC posing a greater risk. Understanding these exposure levels is crucial for clinical decision-making, particularly when considering patients' pre-existing conditions and sensitivity to radiation. The study highlights the need for clinicians to carefully weigh the benefits of ERCP and PTC against the potential radiological risks. It suggests a preference for ERCP in situations where radiation exposure needs to be minimized. Furthermore, the findings advocate for ongoing advancements in medical imaging techniques to reduce radiation exposure, emphasizing the importance of patient safety in fluoroscopic examinations. This research contributes significantly to informed clinical decision-making, ensuring that the selection of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures aligns with the best interest of patient health and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of foetal dose and occupational exposure for pregnant workers in nuclear medicine using the Taiwanese pregnancy phantom.","authors":"Hao-Ting Chang, Yu-Chen Chang, Fang-Yuh Hsu, Ching-Han Hsu","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae181","DOIUrl":"10.1093/rpd/ncae181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For pregnant workers in nuclear medicine, radiation doses can pose a risk to their foetus. However, foetal radiation doses cannot be measured directly. In this study, a method of estimating foetal radiation doses was developed through simulations and measurements of phantoms of pregnant women in the three trimesters. The uterus and abdominal surface doses for monoenergetic photons (137Cs) and medical diagnostic X-rays were measured, and uterine dose conversion coefficients (UDCCs) were calculated. The accuracy of the UDCC estimates were validated for measurements from thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) chips and TLD badges on the abdomen or chest. The foetal effective dose could be estimated using TLD chips and TLD badges on the abdomen or chest, or through literature estimation method. The proposed method can be used to easily and accurately estimate foetal effective doses from chest-worn TLD badges, ensuring accurate estimation in the early stage of pregnancy when a worker may not yet be wearing an abdominal badge. A flowchart for applying the UDCC method to approximate a foetal dose is also provided to ensure that total doses remain below the maximum of 1 mSv recommended in the International Commission on Radiological Protection 103 guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}