Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Obituary Dr Klaus A Miczek","authors":"Harriet de Wit, T. W. Robbins","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06677-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06677-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lorazepam on saccadic eye movements - evidence from prosaccade and free viewing tasks.","authors":"Philine M Baumert, Kaja Faßbender, Maximilian W M Wintergerst, Jan H Terheyden, Behrem Aslan, Tom Foulsham, Wolf Harmening, Ulrich Ettinger","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06672-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-024-06672-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Peak velocities of saccadic eye movements are reduced after benzodiazepine administration. Even though this is an established effect, past research has only examined it in horizontal prosaccade tasks.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The spectrum of saccadic eye movements, however, is much larger. Therefore, we aimed to make a first attempt at filling this research gap by testing benzodiazepine effects on saccades under different experimental task conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1 mg lorazepam or placebo was administered (within-subjects, double-blind, in randomised order) to n = 30 healthy adults. Participants performed an extended version of the prosaccade task, including vertical saccade directions and different stimulus eccentricities, as well as a free viewing task.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from the prosaccade task confirmed established effects of benzodiazepines as well as saccade direction on saccadic parameters but additionally showed that the drug effect on peak velocity was independent of saccade direction. Remarkably, in the free viewing task peak velocities as well as other saccade parameters were unaffected by lorazepam. Furthermore, exploration patterns during free viewing did not change under lorazepam.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our findings further consolidate the peak velocity of prosaccades as a biomarker of sedation. Additionally, we suggest that sedative effects of low doses of benzodiazepines may be compensated in tasks that more closely resemble natural eye movement behaviour, possibly due to the lack of time constraints or via neurophysiological processes related to volition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of valproic acid steady-state serum levels in adult and pediatric psychiatric inpatients: a comparative analysis.","authors":"Matan Avrahami, Timur Liwinski, Zafrir Eckstein, Miriam Peskin, Polina Perlman, Jan Sarlon, Undine E Lang, Daniela Amital, Abraham Weizman","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06603-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06603-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Valproic acid (VPA) is commonly used as a second-line mood stabilizer or augmentative agent in severe mental illnesses. However, population pharmacokinetic studies specific to psychiatric populations are limited, and clinical predictors for the precision application of VPA remain undefined.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify steady-state serum VPA level predictors in pediatric/adolescent and adult psychiatric inpatients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 634 patients and 1,068 steady-state therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data points recorded from 2015 to 2021. Steady-state VPA levels were obtained after tapering during each hospitalization episode. Electronic patient records were screened for routine clinical parameters and co-medication. Generalized additive mixed models were employed to identify independent predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most TDM episodes involved patients with psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia (29.2%) and schizoaffective disorder (17.3%). Polypharmacy was common, with the most frequent combinations being VPA + quetiapine and VPA + promethazine. Age was significantly associated with VPA levels, with pediatric/adolescent patients (< 18 years) demonstrating higher dose-adjusted serum levels of VPA (β = 7.6±2.34, p < 0.001) after accounting for BMI. Women tended to have higher adjusted VPA serum levels than men (β = 5.08±1.62, p < 0.001). The formulation of VPA (Immediate-release vs. extended-release) showed no association with VPA levels. Co-administration of diazepam exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in VPA levels (F = 15.7, p < 0.001), suggesting a potential pharmacokinetic interaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the utility of population-specific pharmacokinetic data for VPA in psychiatric populations. Age, gender, and co-administration of diazepam were identified as predictors of VPA levels. Further research is warranted to establish additional predictors and optimize the precision application of VPA in psychiatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in choice models of addiction: the role of context.","authors":"Samuel F Acuff, Justin C Strickland, Kirsten Smith, Matt Field","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06646-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06646-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Theories of addiction guide scientific progress, funding priorities, and policy development and ultimately shape how people experiencing or recovering from addiction are perceived and treated. Choice theories of addiction are heterogenous, and different models have divergent implications. This breeds confusion among laypeople, scientists, practitioners, and policymakers and reduces the utility of robust findings that have the potential to reduce the global burden of addiction-associated harms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Here we differentiate classes of choice models and articulate a novel framing for a class of addiction models, called contextual models, which share as a first principle the influence of the environment and other contextual factors on behavior within discrete choice contexts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These models do not assume that all choice behaviors are voluntary, but instead that both proximal and distal characteristics of the choice environment-and particularly the benefits and costs of both drug use and non-drug alternatives-can influence behavior in ways that are outside of the awareness of the individual. From this perspective, addiction is neither the individual's moral failing nor an internal uncontrollable urge but rather is the result of environmental contingencies that reinforce the behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contextual models have implications for guiding research, practice, and policy, including identification of novel target mechanisms while also improving existing interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressant effects of activation of infralimbic cortex via upregulation of BDNF and β-catenin in an estradiol withdrawal model.","authors":"Jiali Chen, Yiying Zhou, Miaojun Lai, Yanping Zhang, Yifang Hu, Dingding Zhuang, Wenhua Zhou, Yisheng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06610-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06610-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that estradiol withdrawal after delivery is one of important factors involved in the pathogenesis of postpartum depression (PPD). The infralimbic cortex (IL) is related to anxiety and mood disorders. Whether IL neurons mediate PPD is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was to observe the antidepressant effect and expression of BDNF and β-catenin in IL by allopregnanolone (ALLO) treatment or the selective activation or inhibition of IL neurons using a chemogenetic approach in a pseudopregnancy model of PPD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Administration of estradiol combined with progesterone and the abrupt withdrawal of estradiol simulated the pregnancy and early postpartum periods to induce depression in ovariectomized rats. The relative expression levels of β-catenin and BDNF were observed by western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immobility time was significantly increased in the forced swim test and open-arm movement was reduced in the elevated plus maze test in the estradiol-withdrawn rats. After ALLO treatment, the immobility time were lower and open-arm traveling times higher than those of the estradiol-withdrawn rats. Meanwhile, the expression level of BDNF or β-catenin in the IL was reduced significantly in estradiol-withdrawn rats, which was prevented by treatment with ALLO. The hM3Dq chemogenetic activation of pyramidal neurons in the IL reversed the immobility and open-arm travel time trends in the estradiol-withdrawal rat model, but chemogenetic inhibition of IL neurons failed to affect this. Upregulated BDNF and β-catenin expression and increased c-Fos in the basolateral amygdala were found following IL neuron excitation in model rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrated that pseudopregnancy and estradiol withdrawal produced depressive-like behavior and anxiety. ALLO treatment or specific excitement of IL pyramidal neurons relieved abnormal behaviors and upregulated BDNF and β-catenin expression in the IL in the PPD model, suggesting that hypofunction of IL neurons may be involved in the pathogenesis of PPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inpatient's, therapist's and staff's expectations regarding treatment and their effects on placebo response in the psychiatric ward - results from an add-on oxytocin RCT.","authors":"Uri Nitzan, A Grossman-Girron, O Sedoff, H Maoz, O Arad, E Tilbor, C Dror, D Tzur Bitan","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06593-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06593-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Patient's and therapist's expectations are considered an important factor influencing placebo response in experimental and therapeutic settings. Nevertheless, the placebo effects of common neurological facilitators that promote treatment efficacy have not been explored. In the present study we examined the estimations of patients, therapists, and staff members, regarding their treatment type and assessed their influence on the facilitating effects of oxytocin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (N = 87) were randomized and double-blindly allocated to receive either oxytocin or placebo, twice daily for a period of four weeks, as part of a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patient's, therapist's and staff's expectations were assessed based on their estimation of treatment type (agent or placebo). Multilevel modeling and univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to assess the effects of patient's, therapist's, and staff's estimations on treatment outcome beyond the effects of treatment type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Staff's, therapist's, and patient's estimations were significantly associated with treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, only therapist's and patient's estimations significantly predicted improvement beyond actual administration, with therapist's and patient's estimations associated with improvement in trait anxiety (STAI-T, B=-1.80, p < .05, and B=-2.02, p < .05, respectively); therapist's estimations were associated with improvement in general distress (OQ-45, B=-3.71, p < .05), and patient's estimations were associated with symptom relief (HSCL-11, B=-0.13, p < .05). Overall, patient's estimations had a higher relative contribution to treatment success, with standardized coefficients across scales ranging from - 0.06 to -0.26.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The neurobiological factors that promote treatment success are also influenced by patient's and therapist's expectations. Future studies should consider these effects when examining their impact in inpatient settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed nicotine infusions as a model for smoking: validating a tool to explore nicotine thresholds in humans.","authors":"Suprit Parida, R Ross MacLean, Ralitza Gueorguieva, Mehmet Sofuoglu","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06609-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06609-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>No previous studies examined the discriminative stimulus effects of intravenous (IV) nicotine in humans.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate a pulsed IV nicotine infusion procedure designed to mimic inhaled nicotine delivery and to identify a range of nicotine doses that may capture the threshold doses for the subjective and discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine. By determining these thresholds, we can gain valuable insights into the addictive threshold of nicotine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven participants had 2 Test Sessions following overnight abstinence from smoking. Test Session 1 examined participants' ability to discriminate 0.1 mg nicotine/pulse nicotine from saline. Test Session 2 examined if participants can discriminate 0.05, 0.025, and 0.0125 mg nicotine/pulse of nicotine from saline. These nicotine doses were delivered as a cluster of 4 pulsed-nicotine infusions of 2-second duration with a 28-second interval between each pulse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lowest doses of nicotine that produced greater responses than saline for discrimination, subjective effects, and heart rate ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 mg nicotine/pulse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support the validity of our pulsed-infusion procedure as a model for nicotine delivery by smoking and its utility in examining factors that may impact the addictive threshold of nicotine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The secondary visual cortex mediated the enhancement of associative learning on methamphetamine self-administration behaviors.","authors":"Cai-Ling Wang, Dan-Ni Cao, Ning Wu, Ying-Jie Zhu, Jin Li","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06597-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06597-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Methamphetamine addiction is a persistent and intractable pathological learning and memory, whereas no approved therapeutics is available. However, few attentions have been paid to how associative learning participates in the formation of intractable memory related to drug addiction OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: To investigate the role of associative learning in methamphetamine addiction and the underlying neurobiological mechanism, methamphetamine self-administration, oral sucrose self-administration, chemogenetic neuromanipulation, and fiber photometry in mice were performed in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reported that associative learning increased methamphetamine-induced self-administration, but not oral sucrose self-administration. In addition, the enhancement of methamphetamine-induced self-administration was independent of more methamphetamine consumption, and remained with higher drug-taking and motivation in the absence of visual cues, suggesting the direct effects of the associative learning that enhanced methamphetamine-induced self-administration. Moreover, chemogenetic inactivation of the secondary visual cortex (V2) reduced the enhancement of the drug-taking induced by associative learning but did not alter sucrose-taking. Further fiber photometry of V2 neurons demonstrated that methamphetamine-associative learning elicits V2 neuron excitation, and sucrose-associative learning elicits V2 neuron inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, this study reveals the neurobiological mechanism of V2 excitability underlying how associative learning participates in the formation of intractable memory related to drug addiction, and gives evidence to support V2 as a promising target for stimulation therapy for methamphetamine addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on cannabis in human sexuality.","authors":"Denis Lissitsa, May Hovers, Michal Shamuilova, Tal Ezrapour, Leehe Peled-Avron","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06643-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06643-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Sexuality is a central aspect of being human that encompasses many facets. Cannabis, a widely used psychoactive substance, has been associated with various effects on sexuality. The relationship between cannabis and sexuality is complex and multifaceted, involving physiological, psychological, and social factors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to provide an overview of the current literature on the effects of cannabis on several sexual functions, including sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction. It also discusses the potential mechanisms underlying these effects, as well as the impact of dose and frequency of use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review has revealed a complex relationship between cannabis dosage and its influence on sexuality. It appears that the frequency of cannabis use in humans has been associated with the frequency of sexual activities. Individuals who use cannabis more frequently tend to report higher levels of sexual activity. Moreover, there is a notable gender difference in how cannabis affects sexuality. In addition, we found lower doses of cannabis to be linked to heightened sexual desire and enjoyment, whereas higher doses may lead to a decrease in sexual desire and performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the association between cannabis and sexuality is complex and warrants further research to better understand the psychological and neurological mechanisms that underlie the effect of cannabis on these sexuality functions and its implications for sexual health. To advance in this endeavor, a crucial step is establishing a precise measurement of dosage in human studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-administration of probiotics and vitamin D reduced disease severity and complications in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Alireza Zali, Shirin Hajyani, Mehri Salari, Maryam Tajabadi-Ebrahimi, Amir M Mortazavian, Bahareh Pakpour","doi":"10.1007/s00213-024-06606-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00213-024-06606-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Probiotics have beneficial effects on the nervous system by modulating the gut-brain axis. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation presents a potential way for ameliorating neuropsychological disorders, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current clinical trial aimed to investigate the role of co-administered supplementation of probiotics and Vitamin D on the different inflammatory aspects of patients with Parkinson's disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-six patients with PD were recruited From the Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Tehran, Iran. These patients were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups: Group A, who received probiotic/vitamin D supplements (n = 23), and Group B who received placebo capsules (n = 23) for 12 weeks. As primary outcomes, Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were evaluated at the baseline and the end of the trial. Moreover, Additional questionnaire-based factors including gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that the consumption of probiotic/vitamin D supplements leads to a significant decrease in IL-1β, INF-γ, IL-6, and MDA levels, while showing a significant increase in IL-10 and TAC levels compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Additionally, it leads to a significant decrease in the disease severity, anxiety, and gastrointestinal problems in PD patients in comparison to the placebo group (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the acknowledged role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease on one hand, and the recognized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects associated with probiotics and vitamin D on the other hand, the concurrent administration of probiotics and vitamin D supplements emerges as a promising and potentially effective treatment option for individuals with PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20783,"journal":{"name":"Psychopharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}