Radosław Rogoza, Lidia Baran, Maria Flakus, Georg Krammer, Ramzi Fatfouta
{"title":"Introducing the Narcissistic Antagonism Scale: A missing puzzle piece in the assessment of momentary narcissism.","authors":"Radosław Rogoza, Lidia Baran, Maria Flakus, Georg Krammer, Ramzi Fatfouta","doi":"10.1037/pas0001344","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Narcissism is a relatively stable personality trait, which is most accurately described by three facets: agentic, antagonistic, and neurotic. Existing studies support the central role of antagonistic narcissism and its role in explaining the process of fluctuation in narcissism. However, there is a lack of a suitable adjective-based measure of antagonistic narcissism, resulting in intensive longitudinal studies assessing only agentic and neurotic narcissism. To address this gap and to advance research on fluctuations in narcissism, this article introduces the Narcissistic Antagonism Scale (NAS). Across six studies (total <i>N</i> = 1,862; <i>k</i> = 14,927 observations), we establish the NAS's factorial, convergent, and divergent validity; reliability; and temporal stability. The three-factor model of narcissism, including antagonistic aspects, reproduces and proves to be invariant across daily and momentary perspectives. The NAS exhibits good psychometric properties at both between- and within-person levels. It is a valuable addition for intensive longitudinal studies and facilitates a nuanced examination of narcissistic states across diverse contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using natural spline models to explore the trajectories of empirically derived domains of premenstrual symptoms.","authors":"Lara Michelle Baez, Aaron Shain Heller","doi":"10.1037/pas0001356","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premenstrual symptoms are distressing and impairing for individuals and costly to society. These symptoms are heterogeneous within and across people, dimensional, and dynamic. While some efforts have been made to understand the trajectories of premenstrual symptoms, two major gaps in the literature remain. First, we lack understanding of the covariation among symptoms over the course of the menstrual cycle. Second, we know little about the trajectories of these symptoms and why symptoms might take different courses. To address these gaps, a sample of female undergraduates (N = 85) who reported no use of hormonal birth control and regularly occurring menstrual periods were recruited for a 4-month-long electronic daily diary study of premenstrual symptoms. We explored the covariation of symptoms over the cycle by conducting a multilevel exploratory factor analysis of the daily diary items. We identified six distinct but correlated symptom domains at the within-person level which were affective, cognitive, interpersonal, pain, and somatic. Next, we characterized the trajectories of each symptom domain using multilevel natural spline models and their first/second derivatives. Somatic symptoms increased/decreased more sharply and quickly than other symptom domains, pointing to a unique trajectory. Interpersonal and affective symptoms, on the other hand, were milder throughout. We demonstrated the importance of investigating the differences among symptom domain trajectories and underscored the need for future research to elucidate the unique mechanisms that underlie each trajectory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"37 1-2","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adam P Natoli, Lauren K Allen, Caitlyn M Ashton, Nishtha Lamba, Ryan J Marek
{"title":"Measuring eating behavior and motivations in the United Arab Emirates and the United States: Evaluating measurement and predictive invariance of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short Form and the Eating Motivation Survey.","authors":"Adam P Natoli, Lauren K Allen, Caitlyn M Ashton, Nishtha Lamba, Ryan J Marek","doi":"10.1037/pas0001352","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considerable proportions of college students in White, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries, such as the United States, suffer from eating disorders and other problematic eating behaviors. The prevalence of eating disorders in Western Asia has been historically low but is rapidly increasing. One of the most dramatic increases is occurring in the United Arab Emirates. Advancements in eating disorder research and intervention that would benefit college students in the United Arab Emirates are inhibited by the lack of psychometrically sound measures of eating behaviors and motivations that have been empirically demonstrated to perform well in this population. The present study took initial steps in filling this need by evaluating the measurement and predictive invariance of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short Form and The Eating Motivation Survey using college student samples from the United Arab Emirates (<i>n</i> = 366) and United States (<i>n</i> = 317), followed by a series of cross-country comparisons. Results offer important evidence supporting the measurement invariance of both instruments and the predictive invariance of the The Eating Motivation Survey when used to predict scores on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short Form. Although no significant cross-country differences in eating disorder features and behaviors were found, some cross-country differences in eating motivations were observed. Similar eating motivations emerged in both countries as possible protective and risk factors for eating disorders. The implications of these findings for eating disorder assessment and practice are discussed, along with their implications for theory and research on eating motivations, nutritional health, and people's relationships with food. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey R Vittengl, Eunyoe Ro, Robin B Jarrett, Lee Anna Clark
{"title":"Concurrent and prospective prediction of community-dwelling adults' psychosocial functioning with the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II (IDAS-II).","authors":"Jeffrey R Vittengl, Eunyoe Ro, Robin B Jarrett, Lee Anna Clark","doi":"10.1037/pas0001347","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mood and anxiety disorders involve defining symptoms (e.g., dysphoria, anhedonia) that can impair psychosocial functioning (e.g., self-care, work, social relationships). The present study evaluated the validity of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms-II (IDAS-II; Watson et al., 2012) via convergence with a semistructured interview assessing mood and anxiety disorder symptoms and, moreover, prediction of psychosocial functioning. Community-dwelling adults (<i>N</i> = 601) completed the self-report IDAS-II, a semistructured diagnostic interview, and self-report and interview measures of psychosocial functioning. A retest subsample (<i>n</i>s = 497-501) completed the functioning measures again, on average 8 months later. Supporting our hypotheses, the IDAS-II converged robustly with interview-assessed symptoms and predicted psychosocial functioning significantly, both concurrently and prospectively. Moreover, the IDAS-II predicted functioning significantly better than did the diagnostic interview. These findings support use of the IDAS-II in research and clinical settings to assess mood and anxiety symptoms and their connections to psychosocial impairment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"749-759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucy Koh, Bryan Neo, Georgette E Fleming, Silvana Kaouar, Jessica Henery, Nancy Briggs, Eva R Kimonis
{"title":"Development and validation of the Parental Affection/Warmth Scale (PAWS) in a sample of parents of 2- to 8-year-olds.","authors":"Lucy Koh, Bryan Neo, Georgette E Fleming, Silvana Kaouar, Jessica Henery, Nancy Briggs, Eva R Kimonis","doi":"10.1037/pas0001343","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parental warmth is a treatment target of emerging interventions for children with callous-unemotional traits. However, research to date has yet to examine the empirical structure of parental warmth toward young children due to the lack of clinically feasible, psychometrically sound, and comprehensive measures of warmth for this population. To address this knowledge gap, the present study developed and tested the psychometric properties of a self-report measure of parental warmth, the Parental Affection/Warmth Scale (PAWS). A sample of 899 parents of 2- to 8-year-old children (<i>M</i> = 4.77 years, <i>SD</i> = 1.95; 46.1% girls) was recruited online using Amazon's Mechanical Turk and CloudResearch. Exploratory factor analysis identified a novel three-factor structure: Warmth, Toddler-oriented Interaction, and Play-based Interaction, which was validated by a confirmatory factor analysis. However, only the PAWS Warmth subscale functioned consistently with theoretical expectations. PAWS Warmth scores were internally consistent; convergent with existing positive parenting scales; discriminant from negative parenting scales; and concurrent with child empathy, callous-unemotional traits, and conduct problems. Findings have implications for refining treatment targets for interventions focused on enhancing parental warmth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"722-734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen P H Whiteside, Lilianne M Gloe, Denis M McCarthy
{"title":"Initial development of a digitally based comprehensive child mental health questionnaire.","authors":"Stephen P H Whiteside, Lilianne M Gloe, Denis M McCarthy","doi":"10.1037/pas0001345","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present report describes the item development and initial validation of a comprehensive child mental health questionnaire through a series of four studies. To maximize clinical utility, the questionnaire was developed to directly reflect <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition</i> psychiatric criteria and diagnoses, cover all mental health conditions that present in youth, and capitalize on the benefits of digital administration, particularly tiered branching logic. Study 1 describes the item generation and development of a tiered item structure. Study 2 established internal consistency and discriminant validity in a representative community sample of 1,000 youth aged 7-17 and a parent. Study 3 examined the acceptability of the questionnaire's content and structure to families and made indicated text revisions. Finally, Study 4 cross validated the internal consistency and tiered structure of a revised version of the questionnaire in a second representative normative sample of 1,000 parent and child dyads. The four studies resulted in a questionnaire consisting of one general mental health question (parent-report only), 16 items (for both parent and child) on a diagnostic category checklist, and 40 scales with screener and follow-up items reflecting DSM-5 criteria for specific disorders (371 parent items and 326 child items). The data support the potential of the questionnaire to efficiently assess the breadth of youth psychiatric symptoms efficiently. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"735-748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusuke Shono, Berivan Ece, Emily H Ho, Aaron J Kaat, Erica M LaForte, Ezgi Ayturk, Richard Gershon
{"title":"A comparison of scoring algorithms for the NIH Toolbox executive function tasks in a U.S. norming sample.","authors":"Yusuke Shono, Berivan Ece, Emily H Ho, Aaron J Kaat, Erica M LaForte, Ezgi Ayturk, Richard Gershon","doi":"10.1037/pas0001350","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Executive function (EF) has been extensively linked to various behavioral, clinical, and educational outcomes. There have been, however, few systematic investigations into how best to score EF tasks using speed and accuracy performance, particularly how to generate a summary and norm-referenced score. Using data from an updated norming study for the NIH Toolbox Version 3 (NIHTB V3) with the general U.S. population aged between 3 and 85 (N = 3,794; 52.3% female; Mage = 25.06, SDage = 22.92), we empirically evaluated and compared several scoring algorithms for two EF tests: The Dimensional Change Card Sort (a test of cognitive flexibility) and Flanker (a test of inhibitory control) Tests. Results showed that joint scoring algorithms integrating speed and accuracy into single scores (namely, rate-correct score, linear integrated speed-accuracy score, and speed-accuracy additive score) provided more robust psychometric evidence for the EF tests than single-index scores of accuracy and speed. These integrated speed-accuracy scores were consistent and stable within and across tasks and time; similar to that of another well-validated EF measure, but as predicted, not related to a crystallized intelligence measure score; and increased rapidly from early childhood through late adolescence/early adulthood and then declined toward late adulthood. The rate-correct score was particularly free from ceiling effects and sensitive to age-related changes and variability in EF performance. Among various scoring algorithms, we recommend rate-correct score, which served as the basis for generating new NIHTB V3 norm-referenced scores, with good test-retest reliability (Dimensional Change Card Sort = .77, Flanker = .81) and acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"36 12","pages":"760-771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11841212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erica M LaFata, Kate Worwag, Karly Derrigo, Chloe Hessler, Kelly C Allison, Adrienne S Juarascio, Ashley N Gearhardt
{"title":"Development of the Food Addiction Symptom Inventory: The first clinical interview to assess ultra-processed food addiction.","authors":"Erica M LaFata, Kate Worwag, Karly Derrigo, Chloe Hessler, Kelly C Allison, Adrienne S Juarascio, Ashley N Gearhardt","doi":"10.1037/pas0001340","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research on ultra-processed food addiction (FA) has utilized the self-report Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) measures to identify individuals who experience indicators of substance-use disorders with respect to their consumption of ultra-processed foods. Studies using the YFAS have provided insight into the clinical utility of FA as both a distinct construct and an indicator of more severe psychopathology among individuals with eating disorders. However, the absence of clinician-administered assessment tools for FA has been identified as a barrier to the evaluation of FA as a novel clinical syndrome. Thus, the present study reflects the development of the Food Addiction Symptom Inventory (FASI), a clinician-administered assessment of FA, adapted from the Structured Clinical Interview for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth editon</i> modules for diagnosing substance-use disorders. The psychometric properties of the FASI and its concordance with the YFAS 2.0 were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of adults (<i>n</i> = 53) with binge-type eating disorders. The FASI performed appropriately on indices of reliability and validity. Concordance between the FASI and YFAS 2.0 was established for the symptom scores (<i>r</i> = .53, <i>p</i> < .001), and > 70% agreement was achieved for FA categorization. Using the FASI, 80% of individuals with bulimia nervosa and 91.7% of those with binge eating disorder were identified as exhibiting FA. While the YFAS 2.0 and FASI both lead to similar assessments of FA symptoms, the FASI provides an essential approach for clinician-guided identification of this phenotype, which may be particularly important when participants have high levels of dietary restraint or limited insight into the impact of their eating behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"654-664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marjam V Smeekens, Michiel De Vries Robbé, Arne Popma, Maaike M Kempes
{"title":"Prospectively predicting violent and aggressive incidents in prison practice with the Risk Screener Violence (RS-V): Results from a multisite prison study.","authors":"Marjam V Smeekens, Michiel De Vries Robbé, Arne Popma, Maaike M Kempes","doi":"10.1037/pas0001342","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preventing in-prison violence and maintaining a safe environment is an important goal within prison settings. Screening for violence risk may provide a valuable addition to reach this goal. Within the Dutch prison system, the Risk Screener Violence (RS-V) has become an important new element in overall risk management. Prior research shows that RS-V scores are a sound predictor of institutional violence and aggression of incarcerated persons. Whereas previous studies predominantly analyzed retrospective file-based data, the present study includes RS-Vs rated by prison employees in real-life prison practice shortly after implementation. The RS-Vs of 956 detained individuals from 25 Dutch prisons were analyzed. Disciplinary reports were consulted to measure violent and aggressive incidents during 4 months after the screening. In addition, detention duration (length of stay in prison before the screening) was included as an additional variable. Results of the present prison practice study show good predictive values of the RS-V ratings for violent and aggressive incidents during prison stay. The predictive validity was similar for prisoner-to-prisoner assault as well as prisoner-to-staff assault. In addition, the predictive validity of the RS-V scores did not differ between individuals with a longer detention duration versus individuals with a shorter detention duration. This multisite prison practice study is an important step in the further validation of the RS-V and shows that the RS-V is a valuable tool in determining who is more likely to show institutional violence. Nonetheless, it remains important to continually monitor the implementation and correct application of the RS-V in prison practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":"36 11","pages":"680-690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacqueline M Caemmerer, Johanna M deLeyer-Tiarks, Brittany A Dale, Emily L Winter, Natalie R Charamut, Audrey M Scudder, Emily C Peters, Melissa A Bray, Alan S Kaufman
{"title":"Does the Bayley-4 measure the same constructs across girls and boys and infants, toddlers, and preschoolers?","authors":"Jacqueline M Caemmerer, Johanna M deLeyer-Tiarks, Brittany A Dale, Emily L Winter, Natalie R Charamut, Audrey M Scudder, Emily C Peters, Melissa A Bray, Alan S Kaufman","doi":"10.1037/pas0001337","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pas0001337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study tested the assumption that the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition (Bayley-4) functions similarly for boys and girls and for four age groups. The Bayley-4 American norming sample of 1,700 children ages 0-42 months (3.5 years) was used, which included 50% boys and girls. Fifty-three percent of the children identified as White, 22.1% as Hispanic, 12.5% as Black, 8.5% as other, and 4.0% as Asian. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the three-factor structure of cognitive, language, and motor abilities fit the data well (comparative fit index = .99, root-mean-square of error of approximation = .08, standardized root-mean-square residual = .02) and fit significantly better than the two- and one-factor models. The correlations between the latent factors were moderate (<i>r</i> = .73) to large sized (<i>r</i> = .81). Measurement and structural invariance were tested for boys and girls and four age groups (0-5, 6-13, 14-25, and 26-42 months). Residual invariance was supported for girls and boys, and intercept invariance was supported for the four age groups. The measurement invariance results suggest the Bayley-4 is not biased toward these gender and age groups, and group comparisons and decision making can be made with the Bayley-4 scores. Structural invariance findings suggested some differences for gender and age groups. The relations between the cognitive, language, and motor factors and factor variances were equal across girls and boys but differed significantly across the four age groups. Girls scored significantly higher on the three latent means, but these differences were small to negligible. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20770,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Assessment","volume":" ","pages":"643-653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}