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Central Executive and Target Selection in Visual Working Memory 视觉工作记忆的中央执行与目标选择
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270404
Francéia Veiga Liedtke, J. B. Sbicigo, Laura Tamborindeguy França, Ana Luiza Tonial, A. D. P. Nobre, J. F. Salles
{"title":"Central Executive and Target Selection in Visual Working Memory","authors":"Francéia Veiga Liedtke, J. B. Sbicigo, Laura Tamborindeguy França, Ana Luiza Tonial, A. D. P. Nobre, J. F. Salles","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712022270404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712022270404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate if the selection of external information for storage in visual working memory requires control by the central executive when the categorization of targets is guided by instructions. The design was experimental 3 (concurrent task) x 2 (instruction). Forty-eight university students saw eight colored shapes, four of them surrounded by square outlines. Memory was assessed using a recognition task. Targets varied with instructions: targets were presented within squares in the first block and outside squares in the second block. There were three concurrent tasks: no task, articulatory suppression, and backward counting. Performance was measured by hits, false alarms, corrected recognition, and sensitivity (A’), compared using within-subject ANOVAs. Results showed a main effect only for concurrent task, with lower performance in the backward counting condition for all measures. These results suggest that the central executive does not control the perceptual filter, corroborating earlier results.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75089283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Associação entre Temperamento e o Uso de Práticas da Medicina Alternativa e Complementar 气质与替代和补充医学实践的使用之间的联系
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270406
Juliana C. Hertzberg, Henry B. Antunes, T. N. Munhoz, Diogo R. Lara, H. W. Carvalho
{"title":"Associação entre Temperamento e o Uso de Práticas da Medicina Alternativa e Complementar","authors":"Juliana C. Hertzberg, Henry B. Antunes, T. N. Munhoz, Diogo R. Lara, H. W. Carvalho","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712022270406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712022270406","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo Trata-se de um estudo brasileiro, transversal, mediado pela Internet com o objetivo de descrever como diferenças temperamentais associam-se ao uso de oito práticas de medicina alternativa e complementar (MAC): ioga, meditação, reiki, acupuntura, massagem, tai chi chuan, homeopatia e floral. A amostra foi composta por 22.415 indivíduos, sendo 69,5% mulheres, com idade média de 28,8 anos (DP = 9,1). As práticas mais utilizadas foram massagem e ioga e as variáveis sexo, idade, renda e diagnóstico psicopatológico ao longo da vida associaram-se a todas as práticas, exceto com tai chi chuan. Análise inferencial se baseou em modelo de regressão logística e os resultados foram calculados com base na razão de chances com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Observou-se que manifestações adaptativas de traços e de tipos psicológicos, associaram-se a maiores chances de praticar MAC. Resultados sugerem que perfis com maior regulação emocional tendem a utilizar mais frequentemente MAC e, possivelmente, obter benefícios.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83988704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analyses of the Self-monitoring Scale with the Problem Solving Inventory 自我监控量表与问题解决量表的分析
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270409
Marcia Cristina Monteiro, A. B. Soares
{"title":"Analyses of the Self-monitoring Scale with the Problem Solving Inventory","authors":"Marcia Cristina Monteiro, A. B. Soares","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712022270409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712022270409","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Self-monitoring regulates the expression of behavior, which can facilitate relationships in different contexts. The aim of this study was to confirm the factorial structure of the exploratory analysis of the Self-monitoring Scale (SMS) and investigate the effect of the independent variable Self-monitoring on the dependent variable Social Problem Solving. Participants were 400 university students of different degrees, both sexes, aged between 18 and 58 years (M=31.3 and SD=9.4) and with data collected on the spot. Confirmatory Factor Analysis found fit indexes that support the two-factor model, corroborated by the literature. The regression analysis demonstrated that Self-monitoring predicted the Resolution of Social Problems regarding the Problem Orientation (PO) factor, suggesting that students with a higher PO would be less aware of the context to regulate behavior. The study showed the functioning of the instruments that measure concepts that are still little explored in Higher Education studies.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80889168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crenças de Professores sobre Violência Sexual contra Crianças e Adolescentes 教师对针对儿童和青少年的性暴力的信念
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270403
Thaina de Morais Duarte, Naiana Dapieve Patias, Jean Von Hohendorff
{"title":"Crenças de Professores sobre Violência Sexual contra Crianças e Adolescentes","authors":"Thaina de Morais Duarte, Naiana Dapieve Patias, Jean Von Hohendorff","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712022270403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712022270403","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo Objetivou-se investigar as crenças de professores acerca da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes. Uma amostra de 164 professores de ensino fundamental e médio, de escolas públicas e privadas, respondeu a um questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Crenças sobre Abuso Sexual (ECAS). Análises descritivas, de frequência, testes U de Mann-Whitney e teste de Kruskall-Wallis foram realizados. O escore médio da ECAS, nessa amostra, foi de 25,74 (DP = 6,83), indicando uma tendência à discordância e neutralidade à tolerância/legitimação. Ao se comparar grupos, as variáveis gênero, faixa etária e presença de filhos mostraram ter influência sob as crenças. A experiência com casos de suspeita, participação em cursos ou palestras e conhecimento do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação às crenças. Tais resultados foram discutidos a partir de considerações sobre gênero, sexualidade, capacitação profissional e características de crenças. É necessário investimento em estratégias de formação continuada, sendo que devem ser sensíveis às características dos participantes e às suas crenças.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85337795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modelo Explicativo de Não Adesão ao Paradigma Psicossocial da Saúde Mental 不坚持心理健康的社会心理范式的解释模型
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270413
Patrícia Fonseca de Sousa, Silvana Carneiro Maciel, Carlos Eduardo Pimentel, Camila Cristina Vasconcelos Dias, Thaís de Sousa Bezerra de Menezes
{"title":"Modelo Explicativo de Não Adesão ao Paradigma Psicossocial da Saúde Mental","authors":"Patrícia Fonseca de Sousa, Silvana Carneiro Maciel, Carlos Eduardo Pimentel, Camila Cristina Vasconcelos Dias, Thaís de Sousa Bezerra de Menezes","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712022270413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712022270413","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo propor um modelo explicativo de não adesão ao paradigma psicossocial da saúde mental a partir dos estereótipos, das crenças sobre a etiologia da doença mental, da percepção de ameaça e do preconceito. Para tanto, contou-se com a participação de 400 universitários, com média de idade de 24,64 anos (DP = 6, 64), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (75,6%). Para a proposição do modelo, foi realizada uma path analysis. O modelo proposto demonstrou que quanto maior a percepção de ameaça e a concordância com o estereótipo de incapacidade, menor o apoio ao paradigma psicossocial. Ademais, verificou-se que as crenças acerca da etiologia da doença mental e os estereótipos estão na base da percepção de ameaça e todas essas variáveis juntas predizem maior preconceito. Os achados desta pesquisa fornecem subsídios científicos para a realização de intervenções eficazes e consistentes que fortaleçam o paradigma psicossocial no cenário nacional.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85012485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Validity evidence for the Cognitive Screening Test in Stroke Patients 脑卒中患者认知筛查试验的效度证据
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270411
Luis Filipe Silveira Schmidt, J. C. Rodrigues, D. Bandeira, J. F. Salles
{"title":"Validity evidence for the Cognitive Screening Test in Stroke Patients","authors":"Luis Filipe Silveira Schmidt, J. C. Rodrigues, D. Bandeira, J. F. Salles","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712022270411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712022270411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cognitive deficits are common among post-stroke patients. Cognitive impairments of this sort are mediated by age and education. In Brazil, the only specific cognitive screening tool designed for post-stroke patients is the Cognitive Screening Test (Triagem Cognitiva - TRIACOG). The goal of this study was to investigate validity evidence related to external variables for the TRIACOG. Our sample included 153 adults and elderly people (M = 60.08, SD = 9.61) from Porto Alegre and metropolitan area, comprising 87 post-stroke patients and 66 healthy individuals. Three-way ANOVAs were used to assess main effects and interactions between the variables group (clinical/control), age and education. An influence of group and age on scores in the TRIACOG was found. We emphasize the relevance of these results to the selection of cut-off points for the tasks and cognitive functions assessed by the instrument, considering education and age, so as to allow more accurate identification of deficits in post-stroke patients.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73423637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Construction and Validation of the Scale of Attitudes Towards Lynching 私刑态度量表的编制与验证
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270401
Maria Edna Silva de Alexandre, C. Camino, L. Galvão
{"title":"Construction and Validation of the Scale of Attitudes Towards Lynching","authors":"Maria Edna Silva de Alexandre, C. Camino, L. Galvão","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712022270401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712022270401","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed to develop and validate the Scale of Attitudes towards Lynching (Escala de Atitudes frente ao Linchamento - EAL). For this purpose, 2 studies were conducted. Study 1 aimed to test the measure’s structure-based validity and internal consistency and included 428 undergraduate and graduate students from the 5 Brazilian regions, with a mean age of 26.86 (SD =7.92). The results of the first study showed adequate psychometric indexes, indicating the bifactorial structure of the construct: crimes against property (α = 0.97) and heinous crimes (α = 0.97). Study 2 aimed to test the replicability of the bifactorial structure obtained in study 1 and included 481 college students from all Brazilian regions with an average age of 27.47 (SD = 9.23). The results supported the adequacy of the bifactorial solution (GFI = 92, CFI = 97, TLI = 97, RMSEA = 0.08). Overall, the EAL presented satisfactory psychometric characteristics that can support future studies.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78793702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Prematurity and Temperament on the Mother-Infant Interaction 早产儿和气质对母婴互动的影响
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712029270308
Taís Chiodelli, Veronica Aparecida Pereira, Olga Maria Piazetin R. Rodrigues, Dayana Insfran Jorcuvich
{"title":"Effect of Prematurity and Temperament on the Mother-Infant Interaction","authors":"Taís Chiodelli, Veronica Aparecida Pereira, Olga Maria Piazetin R. Rodrigues, Dayana Insfran Jorcuvich","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712029270308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712029270308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We evaluated the effect of prematurity and the infant’s temperament on the mother-infant behaviors in the Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm (FFSF). The study included 75 mothers and their infants (37 preterm and 38 term) between three and four months of age (corrected age for preterm infants). The mothers responded to a perception scale of the infants’ temperament and the dyads were observed in a structured condition (FFSF). The FFSF Paradigm, divided into three episodes, made it possible to analyze the behaviors of: Positive Social Orientation, Negative Social Orientation and Self-comfort. The averages recorded for these categories were analyzed in a Multivariate ANOVA (factors: prematurity and temperament). Temperament had more effect on maternal and infant behaviors, suggesting that this factor may influence mother-infant interaction. The results can guide possible interventions with families.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82557100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Escala de Apoio à Pessoa em Risco de Suicídio: Adaptação e Validação 自杀风险个体支持量表:适应与验证
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712030270309
V. S. Bezerra, Cleonice Camino, L. Galvão, Júlio Rique Neto, Saulo Bagatini Silva
{"title":"Escala de Apoio à Pessoa em Risco de Suicídio: Adaptação e Validação","authors":"V. S. Bezerra, Cleonice Camino, L. Galvão, Júlio Rique Neto, Saulo Bagatini Silva","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712030270309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712030270309","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo Esta pesquisa objetivou adaptar e validar para o contexto brasileiro a Suicide Helpfulness Scale - SHS (Escala de Apoio à pessoa em Risco de Suicídio - EARS), por meio de dois estudos. Do Estudo 1, participaram 206 estudantes, com idade média de 16,73 anos. Estes responderam à EARS e a questões sociodemográficas. Os resultados obtidos apoiaram o modelo original de quatro fatores e verificou-se um alfa de Cronbach de 0,86 e Confiabilidade Composta de 0,90. Do Estudo 2, de caráter confirmatório, participaram 212 estudantes, predominantemente do sexo feminino (58%) e com idade média de 16,67 anos. Foram testados três modelos e os resultados corroboraram a adequação da estrutura tetrafatorial, observando-se indicadores de ajuste meritórios. Assim, conclui-se que a EARS apresenta características psicométricas adequadas para o contexto brasileiro e pode ser utilizada em pesquisas que investiguem o quanto os jovens estão dispostos a ajudar uma pessoa em risco de suicídio.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83912945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cheating Motivation Scale: Evidence Of Validity And Reliability 作弊动机量表:效度与信度证据
Psico-USF Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712023270302
Hysla Magalhães de Moura, R. Gouveia, A. S. M. Grangeiro, Camilla Vieira de Figueiredo, V. V. Gouveia
{"title":"Cheating Motivation Scale: Evidence Of Validity And Reliability","authors":"Hysla Magalhães de Moura, R. Gouveia, A. S. M. Grangeiro, Camilla Vieira de Figueiredo, V. V. Gouveia","doi":"10.1590/1413-82712023270302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712023270302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to adapt the Motivation to Cheat Scale (MCS) to the Brazilian student context, gathering evidence of validity based on its internal structure. Two studies were carried out. In Study 1, the 20 items of the MCS were translated into Portuguese and evaluated semantically by ten students, who consider them sufficiently understandable. Subsequently, seeking to know the internal structure of the measure, there was the participation of 212 high school students (M = 16.10 years; SD = 1.02). An exploratory factor analysis indicated the existence of two factors (search for success and moral initiation), which were saturated 18 items. O Study 2 aimed to verify this factorial structure. Logo, the 18 items answered by 229 high school students (M = 16.20 years; SD = 1.23). A confirmatory factorial analysis confirmed bifactorial adjustment. MCS has evidence of validity based on internal structure, which can be used in research outside of Brazil.","PeriodicalId":20767,"journal":{"name":"Psico-USF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77755282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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