Proceedings of the Nutrition Society最新文献

{"title":"Associations between dietary fatty acids and liver fat accumulation in the UK Biobank","authors":"J. Orliacq, A. Pérez-Cornago, J. Carter","doi":"10.1017/s002966512400449x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002966512400449x","url":null,"abstract":"Steatotic liver disease, defined as >5% of hepatic fat content, is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, in particular due to its category metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. While its prevention focuses on promoting physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight and balanced diet, the associations between dietary fatty acids and liver fat remain unclear<jats:sup>(2,3)</jats:sup>. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between dietary fatty acids and liver fat in the absence of excessive alcohol intake, independently of energy intake.Analyses were conducted on 9,268 non-diabetic participants from the UK Biobank with no pre- existing liver chronic illness or cardiovascular disease at baseline, and without excessive alcohol consumption. Dietary intake of total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was measured using the mean of ≥2 Oxford WebQ 24-hr dietary assessments, responded to between 2009 and 2012. Liver proton density fat fraction (LPDFF) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging between 2016 and 2020. Multivariable linear regression models were calculated to assess the associations between fatty acid intakes and LPDFF, adjusting for key demographic and lifestyle confounders. In addition, associations between LPDFF and 10 individual SFAs, 7 PUFAs, and 4 MUFAs were also examined. Sensitivity analyses were carried out including participants who responded ≥4 dietary assessments (N=2,828).After fully adjusting for confounders, no significant associations between LPDFF (%) and MUFAs were found. Inverse associations with LPDFF were observed for PUFAs (−5.8% relative difference [95% confidence interval −0.6, −1.9]), per 5% increase in intake, while SFAs were positively associated with LPDFF (5.8% [3.3, 8.3]). Positive associations were observed per 1 SD increase in intake of individual fatty acids SFA stearic acid (4.20% [2.84, 5.57]) and palmitic acid (3.15% [1.78, 4.54]). Negative associations were observed for PUFAs alpha-linoleic acid (−2.32% [−3.47, −1.17]) and docosahexaenoic acid (−2.14% [−3.23, −1.0.3], and for MUFA erucic acid (−2.52% [−3.61, −1.43]). Sensitivity analyses presented similar results, and the associations between PUFAs and liver fat became slightly stronger (−10.73%, [−17.58, −3.32]).This observational study suggests that SFAs and PUFAs are associated with liver fat in opposite directions, independently of energy intake. While total MUFAs did not present significant associations with LPDFF, erucic acid was inversely associated with liver fat, highlighting the value of studying individual fatty acids. These different associations provide valuable information for the design of dietary trials that compare interventions with different types of fatty acids. These further studies would allow a better understanding of the ideal dietary advice to prevent liver steatosis and its glo","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141532266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can guided self-help improve the management of binge eating in adults type 2 diabetes? Results of the POSE-D study","authors":"E. Coales, A. Hill, S. Heywood-Everett, J. Rabbee, R. West, M. Mansfield, C. Grace, I. Beeton, G. Traviss-Turner","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004579","url":null,"abstract":"People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to experience binge eating than the general population, which may interfere with their diabetes management. Guided Self-Help (GSH) is the recommended treatment for binge eating disorder <jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>, but there is currently a lack of evidenced treatment for binge eating in individuals living with type 2 diabetes.The aims of this pilot study were to test the feasibility and acceptability of recruiting and delivering a 12-week, online psychological GSH intervention which has been adapted in an earlier study to the needs of adults with T2 diabetes and binge eating <jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>.The intervention comprises GSH materials presented online in 7-sections delivered over 12-weeks, supported by a trained Guide. In total 22 participants were recruited in a case series design, through GP practices, NHS specialist weight management and diabetes services and via social media. Outcome measures were collected pre and post-intervention and at 12-week follow-up. The primary outcome was the Gormally Binge Eating Scale and secondary outcomes included eating disorder psychopathology, depression, anxiety, quality of life and HBA1C. Following the intervention, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 6 participants and 4 Guides. Data were analysed using a random intercept multi-level model.Results showed at baseline that 67% of the sample met the criteria for moderate to severe binge eating (cut-off (≤17). At post-intervention there was a statistically significant reduction in self- reported binge eating on the Gormally binge eating scale with a reduction in mean score moving from 26.8 to 14.2, (t= -4.181, p < 0.001) and only 9% meeting criteria for binge eating. There were also notable improvements in anxiety, depression and quality of life scores, but not eating disorder psychopathology.In the interviews both Guides and participants found the adapted online platform easy to use and the sessional support sufficient. They highlighted what a large commitment it was and therefore the importance of the Guide and working in ‘<jats:italic>partnership</jats:italic>’. The intervention appeared particularly suited to ‘<jats:italic>stress eaters</jats:italic>’, those experiencing ‘<jats:italic>severe</jats:italic> binge eating’ episodes and physical symptoms of diabetes. As a result of the intervention, participants reported <jats:italic>‘</jats:italic>making broader lifestyle changes’, <jats:italic>‘</jats:italic>improvements in their diabetes management’ and ‘<jats:italic>confidence</jats:italic>’. Guides found the training and supervision helpful but reflected on some <jats:italic>‘</jats:italic>challenges with engagement’. On ending the intervention, participants requeste<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> ‘ongoing support’, such as an optional follow-up appointment and continued access to the materials.In conclusion, the study shows preliminary evidence for online GSH tailored to the needs of individuals with ","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between carrot intake, dietary/circulating α-carotene and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies","authors":"C.C Ojobor, G.M O’Brien, M. Siervo, C. Ogbonnaya, K. Brandt","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004567","url":null,"abstract":"Carrot consumption reduces tumour development in several animal models. The constituent alpha- carotene has not by itself shown anti-cancer properties, however carrots typically provide &gt;85% of alpha-carotene dietary intake<jats:sup>(1-3)</jats:sup>, justifying its use as an indicator of carrot intake<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate inverse associations of carrot/dietary α-carotene intakes and cancer risk, and to quantify potential dose–response relationships.PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, and JSTOR were searched (from database inception to August 2021) for studies reporting risk estimates with 95% CIs for the relationship between carrot intake or α-carotene and cancer risk. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model comparing highest and lowest intakes to estimate summary risk estimates (RRs).Of 80 prospective studies included, 15 (with 25738 cases) reported data on carrot intake, 35 (26262 cases) on dietary α-carotene intake and 30 (9331 cases) on plasma α-carotene levels. A significantly (P&lt;0.01) decreased risk of overall cancer was associated with carrot intake (RR = 0·90), dietary α- carotene intake (RR = 0·90) and plasma α-carotene (RR = 0·80). In addition, both carrot intake and plasma α-carotene level manifested linear dose-response relationships with cancer risk, with increasing carrot intake reaching 20% risk reduction at 5 servings (400g) per week (p &lt; 0·0001),and successive 50μg/L increments in plasma α-carotene associated with 11% risk reduction (p &lt; 0·0058).Carrot consumption is robustly associated with decreased cancer risk. Carrot consumption should be encouraged, and the causal mechanisms further investigated.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietitians’ perspectives on clinical pathways and practice in relation to the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome in the UK: A qualitative study","authors":"K. Belogianni, P. Khandige, S. Silverio, S. Windgassen, R. Moss-Morris, M.C.E Lomer","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004294","url":null,"abstract":"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and relapsing gastrointestinal condition which negatively impacts quality of life<jats:sup>(1).</jats:sup> Dietary triggers are common and dietary management is central to the IBS treatment pathway with dietitians being the main education providers for patients<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of dietitians towards current practices in IBS services in clinical settings across the UK.Qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore current practices, barriers, and facilitators to dietetic practice and expected treatment outcomes. Eligible participants were dietitians specialising in IBS and working in the National Health System (NHS) in the UK. Interviews were held virtually. Audio was recorded and transcribed following intelligent transcription. Data were analysed using template analysis <jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>.Thirteen dietitians (n=12 female) specialising in gastroenterology consented to participate in the study. Dietitians were working in various NHS Trusts across the country (Southeast England n=3; Southwest England n=3; Northwest England n=2; Northeast England n=1; West Midlands n=1; Southwest Wales n=1 and Southcentral Scotland n=2). Ten out of 13 dietitians had more than five years of experience in IBS management. Three main themes emerged: 1) Dietetic services as part of IBS referral pathways; 2) Practices in relation to dietetic services and 3) Implications of services on patients’ expectations and feelings. Each main theme had subthemes to facilitate the description and interpretation of data. The increasing number of IBS referrals to dietitians and the need for accurate and timely IBS diagnosis and specialist IBS dietitians was reported, alongside the use of digital innovation to facilitate practice and access to dietetic care. The use of Internet as a source of (mis)information by patients and the limited time available for educating patients were identified as potential barriers to dietetic practice. Dietitians follow a patient-centred approach to dietary counselling and recognise the negative implications of perceived IBS-related stigma by patients on their feelings and treatment expectations.The study identified areas and practices which can facilitate access to dietetic services and patient- centred care in IBS management as outlined in guidelines <jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study of patients’ perceptions of DASH diet apps for dietary self- management of hypertension in Saudi Arabia","authors":"G. Alnooh, E. Williams, M. S Hawley","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004488","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrition smartphone apps have become a popular and readily accessible approach to improving dietary behaviour. Hypertension is often associated with a poor diet, and its prevalence is increasing in Saudi Arabia&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan has been shown to reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension&lt;jats:sup&gt;(2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. A previous study identified two high-quality, safe, and potentially effective smartphone apps for managing hypertension: NOOM and DASH To TEN&lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. This study aimed to explore the potential of these two DASH diet self- management apps for controlling blood pressure in the Saudi Arabian context.Fifteen patients were recruited at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ten patients had hypertension, and five had prehypertension (mean age = 45). Patients were given the two apps and asked to try each for one week. Focus groups (n=4) were held at the end of the trial to understand the patient perceptions of the apps. Discussions were recorded, and the transcriptions were analysed using a thematic framework analysis&lt;jats:sup&gt;(4)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;.The following four themes emerged:&lt;jats:list list-type=\"number\"&gt;&lt;jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:label&gt;1.&lt;/jats:label&gt;Managing hypertension through diet was perceived as important. Most patients reported thatadhering to the DASH diet was challenging due to a lack of motivation and willpower,inadequate support from household members, and high prices for healthy food.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:label&gt;2.&lt;/jats:label&gt;The potential and current reach of dietary apps emerged as a main theme, and manycomments related to patients’ belief that dietary apps could increase their motivation and awareness about the DASH diet. Barriers to the use of apps were also identified including their difficulty of use, a preference for dietetic monitoring, and cost.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:label&gt;3.&lt;/jats:label&gt;Interactive app functionality was identified as a key theme, as evidenced by comments about a straightforward sign-up process, an extensive food database for dietary self-monitoring, feedback, goal setting, and reminders, considered essential for diet adherence.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:label&gt;4.&lt;/jats:label&gt;A preference for the NOOM app emerged. Patients perceived the NOOM app more suitable in the Saudi context. Noom was deemed to support DASH self-management because it supports weight reduction, which helps lower blood pressure. NOOM was perceived as highly interactive, offering motivational reminders, feedback, realistic dietary plans, and a comprehensive food database. Patients made several recommendations for app improvement; these included Arabic language support, automatic calculation of sodium and potassium consumption, and lower cost. Patients also expressed a desire for training in the use of the app.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt;&lt;/jats:list&gt;This qualitative analysis suggests ","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy and child asthma and eczema: follow-up of the ROLO trial","authors":"S. Callanan, M. Talaei, A. Delahunt, S.O Shaheen, F.M McAuliffe","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004221","url":null,"abstract":"Atopic diseases, including asthma and eczema, represent a substantial public health problem in children and adolescents globally; asthma is the commonest chronic disorder of childhood&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Research suggests that the origins of childhood asthma lie in utero, and several components of the maternal diet during pregnancy have been investigated in relation to atopic outcomes in children. Epidemiological evidence suggests that a higher intake of sugar during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of childhood asthma and atopy&lt;jats:sup&gt;(2,3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. However, randomised trial evidence supporting such a link is lacking.Aims &lt;jats:list list-type=\"number\"&gt;&lt;jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:label&gt;1.&lt;/jats:label&gt;To examine whether a low glycaemic index (GI) dietary intervention during pregnancy decreases the risk of asthma and eczema in childhood.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:list-item&gt;&lt;jats:label&gt;2.&lt;/jats:label&gt;To assess observationally whether maternal intake of sugar during pregnancy is positively associated with asthma and eczema in childhood.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt;&lt;/jats:list&gt;This is a secondary analysis of children from the ROLO trial. Healthy women were randomised to receive an intervention of low GI dietary advice or routine antenatal care from early pregnancy. All women completed a 3-day food diary in each trimester of pregnancy. Estimates of maternal intake of sugar in each trimester were averaged to provide mean intakes during pregnancy. Mothers reported current doctor-diagnosed eczema in their children at 2-years of age (n=271), and current doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema in their children at 5 (n=357) and 9-11 years (n=391) of age. Multivariable logistic regression models were used a) to test the effect of the intervention on child outcomes overall, and stratified by maternal education level (with, versus without, a complete tertiary level education), and b), in observational analyses, to analyse the relation between sugar and carbohydrate intake in pregnancy and child outcomes.There was weak evidence overall for a reduction in asthma at 5-years of age in children whose mothers received the low GI dietary intervention during pregnancy compared to usual care [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.43 (95% CI 0.18, 1.03); &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt;=0.06]. However, in stratified analyses the intervention was associated with a marked reduction in risk of asthma at 5-years of age in children born to mothers with lower educational attainment [adjusted OR 0.16 (0.03, 0.85); &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt;=0.032]. Intake of sugar during pregnancy was positively associated with the development of asthma at any time point in childhood [adjusted OR per quartile of mean sugar intake 1.40 (0.99, 1.97), &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt;-trend=0.048] and at 5-years of age [adjusted OR per quartile 1.55 (1.00, 2.40), &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt;-trend=0.046]. No associations with eczema outcomes were found.This novel study provides stronger evidence that higher sugar intake ","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro-inflammatory diets are associated with higher C-reactive protein and lower plasma concentrations of vitamins with anti-inflammatory potential, in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort","authors":"A.A Mulligan, M.A.H Lentjes, A.A Welch","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004257","url":null,"abstract":"The development of multiple long-term conditions (MLTC) has been shown to be associated with low-grade chronic inflammation&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII&lt;jats:sup&gt;®&lt;/jats:sup&gt;) is a literature-based dietary score that was developed to measure the potential impact of diet on the inflammatory status of an individual&lt;jats:sup&gt;(2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. In this study, we aimed to validate the DII&lt;jats:sup&gt;®&lt;/jats:sup&gt; score against biomarkers, including high- sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and plasma concentrations of vitamin C, retinol and α- tocopherol in European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk participants, aged 39–79 years at baseline&lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;.The DII&lt;jats:sup&gt;®&lt;/jats:sup&gt; score was calculated using a 130-item Food Frequency Questionnaire collected at baseline, between 1993 and 1997. The dietary intakes were adjusted to a 2000 kcal/day diet, to assess diet quality independently of diet quantity. Non-fasting serum cholesterol, hs-CRP, and plasma α- tocopherol, vitamin C and retinol concentrations were also measured at this time-point. Data collected via a self-administered Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire were used to establish classification of a number of variables. Analyses were conducted on sub-samples with a DII&lt;jats:sup&gt;®&lt;/jats:sup&gt; score and measures of hs-CRP (8,034 men and 9,861 women), and concentrations of vitamin C (9,866 men and 11,702 women), retinol (3,673 men and 3,517 women) and cholesterol-adjusted α- tocopherol (3,623 men and 3,476 women). Analysis of covariance and linear regression were used to study associations across sex-specific quintiles of the DII&lt;jats:sup&gt;®&lt;/jats:sup&gt; score (adjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, social class and educational level), where a higher score indicates a more pro-inflammatory diet.Mean concentrations in men and women were 2.99 and 3.09 mg/L for hs-crp, 47 and 59 μmol/L for vitamin C, 53 and 50 μg/dL for retinol and 4.34 and 4.42 μmol/mmol for cholesterol-adjusted α- tocopherol, respectively. In both men and women, mean hs-CRP was higher if the diet was more pro-inflammatory (p-trend = 0.02 in men and 0.07 in women), while concentrations of vitamin C, retinol and α-tocopherol were significantly lower (p-trend &lt; 0.001). Positive associations for hs-CRP, but negative associations for plasma concentrations of vitamin C, retinol and α-tocopherol were evident in both men and women, after adjustments for covariates (p-trend &lt; 0.001). The differences between Q1 and Q5 adjusted means for hs-CRP, vitamin C, retinol and α-tocopherol were +9.4%, -22.1%, -3.9% and -8.6% in men and +7.9%, -17.5%, -4.8% and -7.6% in women, respectively.We observed statistically significant positive associations between the DII&lt;jats:sup&gt;®&lt;/jats:sup&gt; score and hs-CRP, a well-known inflammatory biomarker, whilst significant negative associations were found for circulating concentrations of three anti-inflammatory vitamin","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering pharmacy professionals to enhance public health nutrition: a mixed methods study","authors":"G. Acar, R. Frost, S. Bhamra, M. Heinrich","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004592","url":null,"abstract":"Unhealthy dietary patterns stand as the foremost risk factor for noncommunicable disease- associated morbidity and mortality&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. As widely accessible healthcare providers, pharmacy professionals’ potential to catalyze improvements in public health nutrition is substantial, offering a means to combat the escalating epidemic of obesity and NCDs through tailored interventions, services, and education&lt;jats:sup&gt;(2,3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;.Our study employed a mixed-methods approach to assess the role of pharmacy professionals in promoting nutrition advice and healthy dietary practices.An online questionnaire (N=200) was designed and conducted to evaluate pharmacy professionals’ nutrition knowledge, the advice given in various diet-related conditions (e.g. obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk factors, malnutrition, sustainable diets), practices in delivering diet- related guidance within their routine practice and perceived roles and future ambitions of pharmacy professionals towards nutrition counselling, yielding both quantitative and qualitative insights.Subsequently, qualitative interviews and focus group discussions (N=19) were conducted, engaging pharmacists, nutritionists and dietitians to gather insights essential for the development of a comprehensive nutrition toolkit tailored for pharmacy practice.These interviews delved deeper into the subject, with the goal of designing a nutrition toolkit that empowers pharmacists with the knowledge, tools, and resources needed to play a more active and impactful role in promoting nutrition and healthy lifestyle practices among their patients. Thematic analysis was conducted, and emerging themes and subthemes were identified.Our findings indicate that a significant portion of participants in our study are involved in providing nutrition and diet advice for various health conditions. The majority of pharmacists considered diabetes programmes having a high level of importance (84%), followed by weight management services (78%), hypertension management (86%), and healthy diet campaigns (63.5%). However, our knowledge and confidence rating questions revealed a significant gap in training and a clear need for educational materials tailored for pharmacists to enhance their ability to provide nutrition advice effectively. Key themes identified in open-text questions were referrals and collaboration, training and education needs, wider needs (changes in the public health system, materials/resources, integration and implementation of nutrition in pharmacy practice) and perceived roles as pharmacists in providing nutrition advice (patient support, feeling responsible, specialised focus areas).Qualitative findings underscore the pressing demand for nutrition training and education to deliver comprehensive services, as well as the necessity for collaborative efforts with dietitians and nutritionists to ensure effective care and the improvement of referral pathways in pharmacy practice.This ","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of LCn-3 PUFA supplementation on body weight, body composition, and muscle function during alternate-day fasting (ADF)","authors":"M. Alblaji, S.R Gray, T. Almesbehi, H. Miller, A. Gonzalo, D. Malkova","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004403","url":null,"abstract":"During weight loss the loss of body mass is associated not only with body fat reduction but also with a decrease in fat-free mass (FFM), related to the reduction in muscle mass and function&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Supplementation with long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA), in the absence of caloric restriction, results in a significant decrease in fat mass and an increase in FFM&lt;jats:sup&gt;(2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt; along with improvements in muscle mass and strength&lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. However, the impact of supplementation with LCn-3 PUFA during weight loss) remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the effects of LCn-3 PUFA supplementation, in the form of Krill oil (KO), during alternate day fasting (ADF) on body weight, fat mass loss, FFM and muscle function changes in healthy overweight and obese adults.A total of 41 men and women (age: 39.35 ± 10.4 years, BMI: 31.05 ± 4.2 kg/m&lt;jats:sup&gt;2&lt;/jats:sup&gt;) completed the study (NCT06001632), in which they were randomised into either a KO or Placebo (PL) groups. Both groups carried out 8-weeks of ADF combined with intake of 4 g/day of the corresponding supplements. ADF involved consuming no more than 500 calories on the 'fast day’ and consuming food ad libitum on each 'feed day’. Data on body weight and body composition (TBF-300, Tanita, Manchester, UK), handgrip strength (Handheld Hydraulic Dynamometer, Vernier Jamar; England, UK), and time to conduct 5 repetition of chair rising test were obtained pre-and post-intervention. Changes from baseline within groups were assessed using paired samples t-test. Mixed analysis of variance (Mixed-ANOVA) was used to measure 2-way interactions between time and group to identify the differences between groups. All statistical analysis were conducted using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS 28.0.In both groups, body mass decreased significantly (KO:-4.7 ± 0.4kg, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001; PL:-4.5 ± 0.4kg, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001), along with a significant reduction in fat mass (KO:-2.4 ± 0.5kg &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001; PL:-2.3 ± 0.5kg &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001), and FFM (KO:-0.6 ± 0.2kg &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001; PL:-0.7 ± 0.2kg, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001), with no differences between groups. In the PL group, there was a reduction in handgrip strength (-0.9 ± 0.7 kg, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001), while there was no change in KO group (-0.2 ± 0.5 kg, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;=0.1), with a significant difference between groups (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001). In the KO group there was a significant reduction in time to conduct chair rising test (-1.8 ± 0.9s, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.05), with no change in the PL group (-0.3 ± 1.3s, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;=0.2), with a significant difference between groups (&lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001).Supplementation with LCn-3 PUFA (4 g/day) during 8 weeks of ADF, applied to ind","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the use of telehealth in Dietetics’ practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"N.M Al-Mana, S.A Khalil, A.A Qari, M. Eldigire, W. Alshehri, L. Baabdullah","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004324","url":null,"abstract":"Telehealth, which involves the remote delivery of healthcare services through virtual technologies, has been shown to have benefits such as reducing hospitalisations and length of stay for patients &lt;jats:sup&gt;(1,2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. The global COVID-19 pandemic has greatly accelerated the adoption of telehealth among clinical nutritionists. For instance, in the USA, telehealth usage for nutritional care has increased from 37% to 78% among clinical nutritionists &lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;, while in Italy, the adoption of telenutrition services by Registered Dieticians (RDNs) has risen from 16% to 63% &lt;jats:sup&gt;(4)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. These statistics highlight the rapid integration of telehealth into dietetics practices as a response to the global health crisis, reflecting a growing trend towards virtual care delivery as an effective method for providing nutritional care. While telehealth has made progress in Saudi Arabia (5), there is a research gap regarding its prevalence and effectiveness in dietetics practice. This study aims to evaluate the current implementation of telehealth in dietetics practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.In this cross-sectional, a web-based online survey was used from mid-December 2022 to mid-May 2023. The study was distributed in several Saudi Arabian regions including (central, western, eastern, south, and north) and was completed by 306 clinical Registered Dietitians (RDNs) in public and private healthcare facilities who met the study’s inclusion criteria. The survey consisted of 28 questions divided into four sections, covering sociodemographic information, past or current experiences, obstacles and challenges of telehealth usage, and the future prospects of telehealth. In this study, participants were requested to reflect on their current observations and previous experiences pertaining to the utilisation of telehealth in the field of dietetics. To ensure the validity and relevance of the survey, it was reviewed by a panel of experienced dietitians in Saudi Arabia to obtain their feedback before being used to collect data.Our research findings reveal that 76% of RDNs in Saudi Arabia utilize telehealth in their practice. The most common obstacles reported by RDNs using telehealth include internet connectivity issues (21.9%), patient disengagement and lack of enthusiasm (21.3%), and difficulties in coordinating with patients (21%). Telehealth interventions used by RDNs primarily involve diet recall (33.7%), weight- related measurements (30.6%), lab findings (26%), and only 8% reported using telehealth for vital signs. A majority of participants (69.4%) believed that telehealth could improve patient accessibility and help reduce no-show rates (68.9%). Additionally, over 70% of participants agreed that telehealth offers them flexibility in inpatient consultations.In conclusion, telehealth is widely utilised among RDNs in Saudi Arabia, with potential benefits such as decreased no-show rates. Further research is needed t","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}