Proceedings of the Nutrition Society最新文献_第7页

Exploring the association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular risk: a summary of findings from longitudinal studies and potential mechanisms. 探索肥胖症与心血管风险之间的关系：纵向研究结果和潜在机制综述。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007559

Zhongyang Guan, Blossom C M Stephan, Lorenzo Maria Donini, Carla M Prado, Marc Sim, Mario Siervo

{"title":"Exploring the association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular risk: a summary of findings from longitudinal studies and potential mechanisms.","authors":"Zhongyang Guan, Blossom C M Stephan, Lorenzo Maria Donini, Carla M Prado, Marc Sim, Mario Siervo","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007559","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124007559","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that more than one-tenth of adults aged ≥60 years are now classified as having sarcopenic obesity (SO), a clinical condition characterised by the concurrent presence of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and weakness) and obesity (excessive fat mass). Independently, sarcopenia and obesity are associated with a high risk of numerous adverse health outcomes including CVD and neurological conditions (e.g. dementia), but SO may confer a greater risk, exceeding either condition alone. This imposes a substantial burden on individuals, healthcare systems and society. In recent years, an increasing number of observational studies have explored the association between SO and the risk of CVD; however, results are mixed. Moreover, the pathophysiology of SO is governed by a complex interplay of multiple mechanisms including insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, hormonal shifts and alteration of energy balance, which may also play a role in the occurrence of various CVD. Yet, the exact mechanisms underlying the pathological connection between these two complex conditions remain largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to examine the association between SO and CVD. Specifically, we seek to: (1) discuss the definition, epidemiology and diagnosis of SO; (2) reconcile previously inconsistent findings by synthesising evidence from longitudinal studies on the epidemiological link between SO and CVD and (3) discuss critical mechanisms that may elucidate the complex and potentially bidirectional relationships between SO and CVD.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythms, feeding patterns and metabolic regulation: implications for critical care. 昼夜节律、进食模式和代谢调节：对重症监护的影响。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1017/S002966512400750X

Harry A Smith, James A Betts

引用次数: 0

Anaemia during pregnancy: could riboflavin deficiency be implicated? 孕期贫血：是否与核黄素缺乏有关？

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007468

Bethany Duffy, Helene McNulty, Mary Ward, Kristina Pentieva

{"title":"Anaemia during pregnancy: could riboflavin deficiency be implicated?","authors":"Bethany Duffy, Helene McNulty, Mary Ward, Kristina Pentieva","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007468","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124007468","url":null,"abstract":"Anaemia affects more than 36 % of all pregnancies globally and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is widely recognised as the most common nutritional cause of anaemia but other nutrient deficiencies are also implicated, including the B vitamin riboflavin, albeit its role is largely under-investigated and thus typically overlooked. Riboflavin, in its co-factor forms flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), is required for numerous oxidation-reduction reactions, antioxidant function and in the metabolism of other B vitamins and iron. While clinical deficiency of riboflavin is largely confined to low-income countries, sub-clinical (functional) deficiency is much more widespread, including in high-income countries, and is particularly common among women of reproductive age and during pregnancy. Limited observational evidence from high-income populations suggests that suboptimal riboflavin status contributes to an increased risk of anaemia. Furthermore, randomised controlled trials in pregnant women from low- and middle-income countries have demonstrated beneficial effects of riboflavin on haematological status and anaemia. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the contribution of riboflavin deficiency to anaemia, with the strongest evidence pointing to an adverse effect on iron metabolism, given that riboflavin co-factors are required for the release of iron from storage ferritin in the production of red blood cells. Overall, this review investigates riboflavin intakes and status during pregnancy in different populations and evaluates the available evidence for the under-recognised role of riboflavin in the maintenance of haemoglobin concentrations together with its potential to protect against the development of anaemia during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diabetes prevention after gestational diabetes: challenges and opportunities. 妊娠糖尿病后的糖尿病预防：挑战与机遇。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007456

Pauline Dunne, Deirbhile Sherry, Sharleen L O'Reilly

{"title":"Diabetes prevention after gestational diabetes: challenges and opportunities.","authors":"Pauline Dunne, Deirbhile Sherry, Sharleen L O'Reilly","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007456","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124007456","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant health concerns for women and their offspring, with implications that extend beyond pregnancy. While GDM often resolves postpartum, a diagnosis of GDM confers a greater risk of future type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other chronic illnesses. Furthermore, the intergenerational impact of GDM predisposes offspring to increased chronic disease risk. Despite the awareness of the short- and long-term consequences of GDM, translating this knowledge into prevention strategies remains challenging. Challenges arise from a lack of clarity among health professionals regarding roles and responsibilities in chronic disease prevention and women's lack of awareness of the magnitude of associated health risks. These challenges are compounded by changes in the circumstances of new mothers as they adjust to balance the demands of infant and family care with their own needs. Insights into behaviour change strategies, coupled with advances in technology and digital healthcare delivery options, have presented new opportunities for diabetes prevention among women with a history of GDM. Additionally, there is growing recognition of the benefits of adopting an implementation science approach to intervention delivery, which seeks to enhance the effectiveness and scalability of interventions. Effective prevention of T2D following GDM requires a comprehensive person-centred approach that leverages technology, targeted interventions and implementation science methodologies to address the complex needs of this population. Through a multifaceted approach, it is possible to improve the long-term health outcomes of women with prior GDM.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving diets and multimorbidity prevention. 改善饮食和多病预防。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007420

Tazeem Bhatia, Adrienne Cullum

{"title":"Improving diets and multimorbidity prevention.","authors":"Tazeem Bhatia, Adrienne Cullum","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665124007420","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, the UK government announced a Major Conditions Strategy, publishing 'The case for change and our strategic framework', which set out the focus on cancers, diabetes, dementia, mental ill health, musculoskeletal disorders, CVD and chronic respiratory diseases. Together, these conditions account for 60% of total disability-adjusted life years lost to early death or ill health in England, and one in four adults has at least two (multimorbidity). This review considers some of the key dietary risks for these major conditions and population policies that may improve diets and reduce risks. UK Government dietary recommendations, based on independent risk assessment and advice from the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, are encapsulated in the national food model, the Eatwell Guide. Based on key sources of dietary data - chiefly consumption data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and consumer purchase data from Kantar - most people do not meet dietary recommendations. This review considers how science and evidence inform health improvement policy. This includes policies that encourage healthier food choices, such as labelling and public procurement standards to those that minimise the impact of the less healthy choice such as sugar and salt reduction and reformulation. The review also considers nutritional approaches to managing some non-communicable diseases. Given the role nutrition and excess weight play in the onset, prognosis and quality of life for those living with one or more of the major conditions, there are huge potential gains from even small dietary improvements across population groups.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reactive oxygen species in age-related musculoskeletal decline: implications for nutritional intervention. 与年龄有关的肌肉骨骼衰退中的活性氧：营养干预的意义。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124004877

Malcolm J Jackson

{"title":"Reactive oxygen species in age-related musculoskeletal decline: implications for nutritional intervention.","authors":"Malcolm J Jackson","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124004877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665124004877","url":null,"abstract":"Musculoskeletal disorders and age-related musculoskeletal decline are major contributors to the burden of ill health seen in older subjects. Despite this increased burden, these chronic disorders of old age receive a relatively small proportion of national research funds. Much has been learned about fundamental processes involved in ageing from basic science research and this is leading to identification of key pathways that mediate ageing which may help the search for interventions to reduce age-related musculoskeletal decline. This short review will focus on the role of reactive oxygen species in age-related skeletal muscle decline and on the implications of this work for potential nutritional interventions in sarcopenia. The key physiological role of reactive oxygen species is now known to be in mediating redox signalling in muscle and other tissues and ageing leads to disruption of such pathways. In muscle, this is reflected in an age-related attenuation of specific adaptations and responses to contractile activity that impacts the ability of skeletal muscle from ageing individuals to respond to exercise. These pathways provides potential targets for identification of logical interventions that may help maintain muscle mass and function during ageing.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fibre & fermented foods: differential effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. 纤维和发酵食品：对微生物群-肠-脑轴的不同影响。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124004907

Elizabeth Schneider, Ramya Balasubramanian, Aimone Ferri, Paul D Cotter, Gerard Clarke, John F Cryan

{"title":"Fibre & fermented foods: differential effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis.","authors":"Elizabeth Schneider, Ramya Balasubramanian, Aimone Ferri, Paul D Cotter, Gerard Clarke, John F Cryan","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124004907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665124004907","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to manipulate brain function through the communication between the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and the brain along the gut-brain axis has emerged as a potential option to improve cognitive and emotional health. Dietary composition and patterns have demonstrated a robust capacity to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis. With their potential to possess pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotic properties, dietary fibre and fermented foods stand out as potent shapers of the gut microbiota and subsequent signalling to the brain. Despite this potential, few studies have directly examined the mechanisms that might explain the beneficial action of dietary fibre and fermented foods on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, thus limiting insight and treatments for brain dysfunction. Herein, we evaluate the differential effects of dietary fibre and fermented foods from whole food sources on cognitive and emotional functioning. Potential mediating effects of dietary fibre and fermented foods on brain health via the microbiota-gut-brain axis are described. Although more multimodal research that combines psychological assessments and biological sampling to compare each food type is needed, the evidence accumulated to date suggests that dietary fibre, fermented foods, and/or their combination within a psychobiotic diet can be a cost-effective and convenient approach to improve cognitive and emotional functioning across the lifespan.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Folates, bacteria and ageing: insights from the model organism C. elegans in the study of nutrition and ageing. 叶酸、细菌和衰老：从模式生物 C. elegans 对营养和衰老研究的启示。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124004890

David Weinkove

{"title":"Folates, bacteria and ageing: insights from the model organism C. elegans in the study of nutrition and ageing.","authors":"David Weinkove","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124004890","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124004890","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between nutrition and ageing is complex. The metabolism and synthesis of micronutrients within the gut microbiome can influence human health but is challenging to study. Furthermore, studying ageing in humans is time-consuming and difficult to control for environmental factors. Studies in model organisms can guide research efforts in this area. This review describes how the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can be used to study how bacteria and diet influence ageing and inform follow-on studies in humans. It is known that certain bacteria accelerate ageing in C. elegans. This age-accelerating effect is prevented by inhibiting folate synthesis within the bacteria, and we propose that in the human microbiome, certain bacteria also accelerate ageing in a way that can be modulated by interfering with bacterial folate synthesis. Bacterial-derived folates do not promote ageing themselves; rather, ageing is accelerated by bacteria in some way, either through secondary metabolites or other bacterial activity, which is dependent on bacterial folate synthesis. In humans, it may be possible to inhibit bacterial folate synthesis in the human gut while maintaining healthy folate status in the body via food and supplementation. The supplement form of folic acid has a common breakdown product that can be used by bacteria to increase folate synthesis. Thus, supplementation with folic acid may not be good for health in certain circumstances such as in older people or those with an excess of proteobacteria in their microbiome. For these groups, alternative supplement strategies may be a safer way to ensure adequate folate levels.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle ageing and sarcopenia: a single nutrient, a whole food and a whole diet approach. 预防和治疗骨骼肌老化和肌肉疏松症的营养：单一营养素、全食物和全膳食方法。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007432

Antoneta Granic, Avan A Sayer, Rachel Cooper, Sian M Robinson

{"title":"Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle ageing and sarcopenia: a single nutrient, a whole food and a whole diet approach.","authors":"Antoneta Granic, Avan A Sayer, Rachel Cooper, Sian M Robinson","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007432","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124007432","url":null,"abstract":"Loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) is common in older adults and associated with an increased risk of disability, frailty and premature death. Finding cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies for sarcopenia for the growing ageing population is therefore of great public health interest. Although nutrition is considered an important factor in the aetiology of sarcopenia, its potential for sarcopenia prevention and/or treatment is still being evaluated. Nutrition research for sarcopenia utilises three main approaches to understand muscle-nutrition relationships, evaluating: single nutrients, whole foods and whole diet effects - both alone or combined with exercise. Applying these approaches, we summarise recent evidence from qualitative and quantitative syntheses of findings from observational and intervention studies of healthy older adults, and those with sarcopenia. We consider protein supplements, whole foods (fruits and vegetables) and the Mediterranean diet as exemplars. There is some evidence of beneficial effects of protein supplementation ≥ 0·8 g/kg body weight/d on muscle mass when combined with exercise training in intervention studies of healthy and sarcopenic older adults. In contrast, evidence for effects on muscle function (strength and physical performance) is inconclusive. There is reasonably consistent epidemiological evidence suggesting benefits of higher fruits and vegetables consumption for better physical performance. Similarly, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with beneficial effects on muscle function in observational studies. However, intervention studies are lacking. This review discusses how current evidence may inform the development of preventive and intervention strategies for optimal muscle ageing and nutritional public policy aimed at combatting sarcopenia.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7616828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

B-vitamins and one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy: health impacts and challenges. 孕期 B 维生素和一碳代谢：对健康的影响和挑战。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124004865

Kristina Pentieva, Aoife Caffrey, Bethany Duffy, Mary Ward, Michelle Clements, Maeve Kerr, Helene McNulty

{"title":"B-vitamins and one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy: health impacts and challenges.","authors":"Kristina Pentieva, Aoife Caffrey, Bethany Duffy, Mary Ward, Michelle Clements, Maeve Kerr, Helene McNulty","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124004865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665124004865","url":null,"abstract":"Folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and riboflavin interact by functioning as cofactors within one-carbon metabolism (OCM), a network of interrelated cellular pathways essential for numerous biological processes, including the biosynthesis of DNA, amino acid interconversions and methylation reactions. The pathways of OCM are influenced by endocrine signals and genetic polymorphisms and are particularly responsive to relevant B-vitamin intakes. Physiological changes in healthy pregnancy, leading to a steady decline in B-vitamin status, add another layer of complexity to the regulation of OCM. Although significant advances have been made to improve our understanding of these pregnancy-related changes, no specific reference ranges yet exist for B-vitamin biomarkers in pregnancy to support normal fetal growth without depleting maternal stores. The lack of pregnancy-related criteria for adequacy of B-vitamin status is in turn a major limitation in identifying pregnant women most at risk of B-vitamin deficiency. Another challenge is that the evidence is very limited to provide a basis for establishing pregnancy-specific dietary recommendations for B-vitamins to support successful pregnancy outcomes. In terms of preventing adverse outcomes, periconceptional folic acid supplementation has a proven role, established more than 30 years ago, in protecting against neural tube defect-affected pregnancies and this has been the major focus of public health policy worldwide. This review evaluates the emerging evidence for the less well recognised role of B-vitamins in preventing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and the intergenerational effects of B-vitamins on offspring neurodevelopment and cognitive performance during childhood. We also consider the underlying biological mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0