Proceedings of the Nutrition Society最新文献

{"title":"Assessing adherence to plant-rich dietary patterns using metabolic signatures of plant food metabolites","authors":"Y. Li, Y. Xu, M. Le Sayec, T. D Spector, C. Menni, R. Gibson, A. Rodriguez-Mateos","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004269","url":null,"abstract":"Diet is an important modifiable lifestyle factor for human health, and plant-rich dietary patterns are associated with lower risk of non-communicable diseases in numerous studies. However, objective assessment of plant-rich dietary exposure in nutritional epidemiology studies remains challenging. This study aimed to develop and evaluate metabolic signatures of the most widely used plant-rich dietary patterns using a targeted metabolomics method comprising of 108 plant food metabolites.A total of 218 healthy participants from the POLYNTAKE cohort were included, aged 51.5 ± 17.7 years, with 24h urine samples measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The validation dataset employed three sample types to test the robustness of the signature, including 24h urine (ABP cohort, n = 88), plasma (POLYNTAKE cohort, n = 195), and spot urine (TwinsUK cohort, n = 198). Adherence to the plant-rich diet was assessed using <jats:italic>a priori</jats:italic> plant- rich dietary patterns. A combination of metabolites that evaluates the adherence and metabolic response to a specific diet was identified as metabolic signature. We applied linear regression analysis to select the metabolites significantly associated with dietary patterns (adjusting energy intake), and ridge regression to estimate penalized weights of each candidate metabolite. The correlation between metabolic signature and the dietary pattern was assessed by Spearman analysis (FDR &lt; 0.05).The metabolic signatures consisting of 42, 22, 35, 15, 33, and 33 predictive metabolites across different subclasses were found to be associated with adherence to Amended Mediterranean Score (A-MED), Original MED (O-MED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), healthy Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI) and unhealthy PDI (uDPI), respectively. The overlapping and distinct predictive metabolites across six dietary patterns predominantly consisted of phenolic acids (n = 38), including 14 cinnamic acids, 14 hydroxybenzoic acids, seven phenylacetic acids, and three hippuric acids. Six metabolites were included in all signatures, including two lignans: enterolactone-glucuronide, enterolactone-sulfate, and four phenolic acids: cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid-4'-sulfate, 2'- hydroxycinnamic acid, and 4-methoxybenzoic acid-3-sulfate. The established signatures were robustly correlated with dietary patterns in validation dataset (r = 0.13 - 0.40, FDR &lt; 0.05).We developed and evaluated a set of metabolic signatures that robustly reflected the adherence and metabolic response to plant-rich dietary patterns, suggesting the potential of these signatures to serve as an objective assessment of free-living eating habits.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doctors’ and nurses’ eating practices during shift work: Findings from a qualitative study","authors":"K. Sum, A. Cheshire, D. Ridge, D. Sengupta, S. Deb","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004282","url":null,"abstract":"Doctors’ and nurses’ (DNs) wellbeing in the National Health Service is important for safe healthcare for those in need. However, their demanding duties, including irregular shift work, can significantly impact their health. Unfortunately, irregular working patterns are associated with higher sickness rates and stress among healthcare professionals due to the inherent challenges of the work&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1,2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. For example, shift work disrupts sleep and impairs cognitive function and performance, leading to poorer physiological and cardiovascular health&lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;, workforce shortages and difficulties adapting to a consistently demanding workload, which can impact patient care delivery&lt;jats:sup&gt;(4)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Despite the importance of workplace health and nutrition for DNs, our understanding of their dietary practices during shift work remains limited. Therefore, gaining insights into DNs’ eating habits during shifts is imperative to supporting their health. Our research aimed to understand DNs’ eating practices during their work, including the types of food consumed throughout the day.Online semi-structured interviews (n=16) were conducted with a convenience sample of current practising medical doctors (n=11) and nurses (n=5) in England. This provided an opportunity to compare and contrast the research data between DNs on workplace nutrition. All participants did shift work, encompassing varied working patterns, including day and night shifts, short and long days and weekends. Following Braun and Clarke’s&lt;jats:sup&gt;(5)&lt;/jats:sup&gt; approach, an inductive thematic analysis presented the findings.Results elucidate six areas of DNs’ eating practices and dietary intake: before and during shifts, on long shifts, after shifts, during night shifts, and on non-working days. Our data suggests that DNs prioritise their clinical responsibilities over their dietary intake at work. Consequently, they often miss eating opportunities and consume caffeine to stay alert during their shifts. Furthermore, DNs viewed night shifts as involving less healthy food choices. While participants expressed their intention to eat healthily during their shifts, their clinical responsibilities made maintaining regular and nutritious dietary practices throughout the day challenging. Nevertheless, DNs value their meal after a shift as the most important, as this could be the only meal they eat throughout the day.Our results suggest that DNs’ eating practices and dietary intake are sub-optimal to recommended dietary guidelines. It also suggests that eating practices are varied, individualised and not applicable to all, considering the many environmental and occupational factors contributing to DNs’ nutritional behaviours. Therefore, dietary workplace interventions are recommended to improve DNs’ dietary behaviours at work. Future research should explore DNs’ eating practices through follow-up interviews at various time points. This approach will provide valuable i","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of date-based energy bar intake on postprandial appetite, metabolism and thermogenesis","authors":"H. Alfheeaid, D. Malkova, A. Alsalamah, H. Barakat","doi":"10.1017/s002966512400435x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002966512400435x","url":null,"abstract":"Research studies suggest that date-palm (<jats:italic>Phoenix dactylifera</jats:italic> L.) fruits provide a superior nutritional and health benefits, compared to other fruits <jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. They are rich source of many essential nutrients including carbohydrates, dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. The date palm fruits are produced in many countries around the world and about 10-15% of the total production is lost or sold extremely at low prices <jats:sup>(2, 3)</jats:sup>. Despite these, date fruits have been rarely used as an ingredient in commercially available energy bars. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of newly formulated date-based energy bar (DBEB) <jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup> intake on subjective appetite, postprandial metabolism, energy substrate oxidation and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).Twenty-seven healthy male adults (mean ± SD, aged 20.8 ± 3.5 years with body weight of 66 ± 8 kg) participated in a randomised crossover design study. Each participant conducted two experimental arms and was investigated prior to (baseline) and for three-hours after consumption of either a date- based energy bar (DBEB) or an isocaloric and macronutrient matched mixed fruit-based energy bar (FBEB) as control arm. The DBEB contained significantly less fructose and glucose, but more sucrose and fibre than FBEB. Both experimental arms involved blood sampling, subjective appetite, and indirect calorimetry measurements. At the end of each experiment, an <jats:italic>ad libitum</jats:italic> buffet meal was provided. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and two-way ANOVA.Time-averaged composite appetite and satiety scores were not significantly different between control (FBEB) and DBEB arms. Energy intake during <jats:italic>ad libitum</jats:italic> buffet was also not different between arms. Metabolic rate measured at baseline and during post-ingestion of the bars were not significantly different between FBEB and DBEB arms (arm effect, P&gt;0.05). Thermic effect of bars calculated as percentage increase in metabolic rate above RMR during whole postprandial duration was (mean ± SE) 9.5 ± 1.6 % in DBEB arm and 8.7 ± 1.3 % in the FBEB arm (arm effect, P&gt;0.05). Rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation were also not different between the two arms (arm effect, P&gt;0.05) Time-averaged concentrations of blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides were similar between the study arms.The obtained results suggest that energy bars based on dates or mixed fruits produce similar effects on postprandial appetite, fat and carbohydrate oxidation, thermic effect and cardiometabolic risk factors. Date fruits can be used as rich source for carbohydrate and energy. However, future research should investigate the impact of date-based energy bars on antioxidant capacity and other health related markers.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fibre intake in Kuwaiti older adults assessed by validated food frequency questionnaire","authors":"A. Alajmi, A. Garcia, C.A Edwards","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004609","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate dietary fibre (25-30g/day) is essential in a healthy diet preventing several health problems &lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Age-related changes reduce gut function and increase risk of constipation. A better understanding of fibre in those over 60y is required. This study aimed to measure fibre intake in those over 60y in Kuwait using the Kuwaiti Food Frequency Questionnaire for fibre (KWFFQ-DF) and explore local food sources of fibre and laxative use.Recruitment was conducted Dec 2022 to April 2023 in Geriatric Health Services in Kuwait and geriatric units across the six main governorates in Kuwait. The study was approved by the University of Glasgow Research Ethics Committee (project No. 200220066) and the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health in Kuwait (project No 9512018)18). The validated KWFFQ-DF assessed intake of total fibre (TDF), soluble fibre (SF) and insoluble fibre and included seven food groups and 134 food items. The last two questions asked if the participant consumed supplementary fibre and if they took laxatives (type and amount). The associations between fibre intake and gender, age and governorate and between TDF and laxative use were assessed by Chi squared test (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05 considered significant).The study recruited 210 people (61 males and 149 females; 61- 96y (median 66y). BMI ranged from 18 to 68 (median 29). Mean TDF intake was 28.7 g/d (SD 6.6; 13 to 46 g/ day). Most participants (n= 186, 89%) did not use laxatives. Several foods high in fibre were frequently consumed by participants including dates, as a snack with coffee eaten 2-6 times/day at 2.2 g TDF per portion and almonds once a day as a snack with 12 g of TDF. Whole grain toast, eaten 1-2 times daily contributed 4g TDF but with eggs or cheese at breakfast so higher in fat. Other key sources were barley bread, (8g TDF), vegetable soup, 2-4 times a week (4 g/d TDF) and Tabouleh Salad, typically eaten with grilled meat or chicken at 2g/d TDF. There was no significant association between fibre intake and gender (χ2= 1.033; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.597) or governorates (χ2= 14.66; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.145). However, the findings identified a significant association between fibre intake and age of participants (χ2= 10.066; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.039). Moreover, there was a highly significant negative association between the TDF intake and laxative use frequency (χ2= 25.63, &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001).In contrast to some populations, fibre intake for people in Kuwait over 60y is within dietary guidelines and laxative use is low. Foods high in fibre in Kuwaiti cuisine can be, however, associated with high calories due to the sugar and fat content and may be associated with high BMI. The consequences of this need to be explored.AcknowledgementsWe would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr Ali Alqattan and the medical team at the Geriatric Clinic in Mubarak Hospi","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","authors":"E.I.G. Brown, A.L. Darling, T.M. Robertson, K.H. Hart, S.A. Lanham-New, R.M. Elliott, M.J. Warren","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004464","url":null,"abstract":"There are known differences in biological functionality between vitamin D2 and D3. It is suspected from randomised control trial (RCT) data that vitamin D2 supplementation causes a reduction in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations <jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>, but the size of the effect has yet to be fully assessed across multiple studies. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of vitamin D2 supplementation on serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations.PUBMED was searched for publications from 1<jats:sup>st</jats:sup> January 1975 to 1<jats:sup>st</jats:sup> February 2023. Of the 182 papers retrieved, 29 were included in the systematic review, and of those, 18 were suitable for meta-analysis.The meta-analysis found significant reductions in serum D3 after vitamin D2 supplementation compared with control, for both end of trial between groups data (weighted mean difference (WMD) <jats:sub>(random)</jats:sub> = −13.51 nmol/L; 95% CI: −20.14, −6.89; P &lt; 0.0001) and absolute change over the trial (WMD <jats:sub>(random)</jats:sub> = −9.25 nmol/L; 95% CI: −14.40, −4.10; P = 0.0004). Similar results were found when D2 supplementation was compared to D3 supplementation, although as expected, the magnitude of the difference was larger, with WMD <jats:sub>(random)</jats:sub> = −46.20 nmol/L (95% CI: −60.80, −31.60; P &lt; 0.00001) for end of trial data, and WMD <jats:sub>(random) =</jats:sub> −56.23 nmol/L (95% CI: -69.17, −43.28; P &lt; 0.00001) for absolute change.Overall, we found that vitamin D2 supplementation produces significant reductions in serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations, when compared to either control or vitamin D3 supplementation. An inverse relationship between vitamin D2 and D3 concentrations has been proposed in the literature <jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. A regulatory mechanism that disposes of 25(OH)D after an increase in vitamin D concentrations could explain our results <jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup>. Moreover, supplementation with vitamins D2 and D3 has differential effects on gene expression <jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup>. However, longer-term research is needed to establish whether clinical advice should recommend vitamin D3 supplements over vitamin D2 supplements, where appropriate.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a multicomponent lifestyle modification intervention on liver function, lipid profile, and body composition in adults with elevated hepatic steatosis index","authors":"P. Moitra, A. Jhaveri, P. Tailor, P. Khedekar, J. Madan","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004580","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel to the escalating burden of obesity is the steadily increasing prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), a chronic condition that progresses from simple steatosis to advanced stages of steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis &lt;jats:sup&gt;(1-2).&lt;/jats:sup&gt; MASLD, regarded as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome is known to be exacerbated by unhealthy lifestyle choices and the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity &lt;jats:sup&gt;(3-4)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Therefore, early identification of the general population at risk of MASLD and the development of multicomponent interventions that can prevent the progression of liver damage and mitigate associated adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes are important. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle modification program on glucose levels, lipid profile, liver function, and body composition measures in community-living adults with elevated hepatic steatosis index in Mumbai, India.Adults (n= 231, mean age 46.1(13.7) years), 58.6% men) were screened for risk of MASLD using a non-invasive screening tool, Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) (calculated as (HSI)= 8 x (ALT/AST ratio) +BMI (+2, if female; +2, if diabetes mellitus) &lt;jats:sup&gt;(5).&lt;/jats:sup&gt; Eligible participants with HSI &gt;36 (predictive of the presence of MASLD) were randomized to receive either a multicomponent lifestyle intervention (experimental group, EG) comprising weekly sessions of individualized dietary counseling (Participants having BMI &gt;23kg/m2 (n = 36) received hypocaloric diets with 40% carbohydrates, 40% fat and 30% proteins (WLD) and those having BMI &lt;22.9kg/m2 (n= 22) received weight maintenance diet (WMD) plans including 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein and 30% fats) and fortnightly group sessions of structured exercise and nutrition education or a standard of care package (control group, CG, n= 43) including general healthy eating and activity guidelines for the 8- week study duration. Paired t test and independent sample t tests were used to determine within and between group changes in variables from baseline to endline.Trial Registration: This study is registered as CTRI/2022/05/042927.Overall, the prevalence of MASLD was 52.2%, 32.8% were hypertensive, and 26.7% and 15.4% had diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia respectively. The intervention (WLD) resulted in decreased weight (mean (M)= 3.4 kg, standard error (SE) = 1.88 k, p = 0.02), body fat percent (M = 2.2%, SE = 1.1%, p= 0.042), serum triglycerides (M=28.8mg/dL, SE 8.5mg/dL, p&lt;0.001) and AST (M= 3.8 U/L, SE= 2.2U/L, p &lt;0.05) values. The WMD group reported improvements in serum cholesterol levels, and ALT/ AST ratio as compared to CG (p &lt;0.001). In WMD, HDL-C increased from 45.8 mg/dl to 47.2 mg/dl and the mean AST values reduced from 28.8 (10.6) U/L to 25.6 (9.9) U/L, but these changes were not statistically significant.Multicomponent lifestyle modification programs integr","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between dietary intake and multiple long term conditions in adults: A scoping review","authors":"M. Brandner, L. Zhang, A. MacGregor, M. Traka, A. Welch","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004439","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple-long term conditions (MLTCs), also known as multimorbidity, are commonly defined as the presence of two or more long-term medical conditions in one individual&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. More than half of all adults over 60 years are affected by multimorbidity worldwide&lt;jats:sup&gt;(2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt; and its increasing prevalence demands a shift in focus for research and healthcare towards multiple clusters of disease, rather than single conditions&lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;.Current epidemiological evidence on diet as preventative lifestyle factor in relation to MLTCs is limited&lt;jats:sup&gt;(4)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Therefore we reviewed the existing evidence to summarise methods of assessment of diet and multimorbidity measure to identify further research needs in a scoping review.Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus were searched systematically following the methodological approach for scoping reviews by PRISMA. The protocol was published on Open Science Framework under DOI10.17605/OSF.IO/9FP5D. The search yielded a total of 10,937 results. After de-duplication, title and abstract screening and a final inclusion round of in-text screening by two reviewers, 53 articles met the inclusion criteria. Observational studies were included if they examined the relationship between any dietary factor and the prevalence/or development of MLTCs in community-dwelling adults.Publication dates of included research papers ranged from 2014 to 2023, with over half of studies published in the last three years. There was high variability between dietary assessment methods used: in the majority of studies (n=21, 39.6%) fruit and vegetable intake was the only diet-related variable reported. &lt;jats:italic&gt;A priori&lt;/jats:italic&gt; diet quality scores were used in n=15 (28.3%) studies and n=6 (11.3%) studies used &lt;jats:italic&gt;a posteriori&lt;/jats:italic&gt; approaches to identify dietary patterns, n=11 used other methods (20.8%). Only n=3 (5.7%) studies also focussed on micronutrients. MLTCs were generally defined as presence of ≥2 chronic conditions by most papers, however the number of qualifying conditions ranged from 2-60 conditions.Overall, 60.4% (n=32) of studies were cross-sectional with various dietary components and patterns showing either mixed results, (n=10, 31.3%), no association (n=5, 15.6%) or inverse associations (n=12, 37.5%), i.e. higher diet score/adherence/consumption of diet components was associated with lower MLTCs, to positive relationships e.g. individuals with MLTCs consumed higher intakes of fruit and vegetables (n=5, 15.6%). Varying results were also found in longitudinal studies (n= 21, 39.6%). Some studies found inverse associations (n=8, 38.1%) i.e. higher adherence/more healthy food consumption was associated with lower MLTCs. However, other studies showed either no significant association (n=4, 19%), mixed results (n=5, 23.8%) or positive associations (n=4, 19.1%).The evidence relating MLTCs to dietary intakes is relatively recent with most studie","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating predictors of protein intake in an adult population utilising the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) Survey in the United States","authors":"E. O’Bree, I. Soyiri, A. Johnstone","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004518","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that meeting recommended protein intake is protective of muscle mass&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Insufficient intake is related to accelerated sarcopenia and impaired physical function, contributing to increased mortality and morbidity. The recommended target set by the American dietary guidelines is 0.8 g of protein per kg of body weight, based on data collated by the National Academies published in 2005&lt;jats:sup&gt;(2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Currently approximately 50% of women and 30% of men do not meet these targets&lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. It is of public interest to analyse current patterns of intake to allow for improved strategy through awareness of factors that impact protein intake.To investigate the factors which determine an individual’s protein intake and how they can be used to predict daily intake.A secondary data analysis of longitudinal data collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2020 has been carried out&lt;jats:sup&gt;(4)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Data was accessed from the public domain on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. The study protocol received approval from the research ethics review board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the CDC. Average protein intake has been calculated and participant demographics reported. STATA software has been used to carry out a bivariate regression of factors associated with protein intake, an adjusted multivariate regression analysis and a parsimonious model.19601 participants (52.4% women) aged 20 and over had valid protein data. Adjusted regression analysis generated three model fits, with the parsimonious model excluding BMI categories and household income had a statistically insignificant impact on protein intake. Men consumed 23.99g more protein per day compared to women (p&lt;0.001: 95% CI 23.09 to 24.89). Individuals over 65 consumed 13.92g less protein per day compared to those aged 20-35 years old (p&lt;0.001: 95% CI − 15.25 to −12.59). Mexican American individuals consumed 7.47g more protein than Non-Hispanic White individuals (p&lt;0.001: 95% CI 5.89 to 9.04) and Non-Hispanic White individuals consumed 2.95g more protein compared to non-Hispanic Black individuals (p&lt;0.001: 95% CI 4.13 to 1.77). Those with the lowest educational attainment consumed 10.77g less protein compared to individuals with a college degree (p&lt;0.001: 95% CI −12.79 to −8.74). From 2011 to 2020, there was a gradual decline in protein intake which is statistically significant when comparing 2011/12 with 2015/16 and 2017/2020.Protein intake can be predicted by an individual’s gender, age, ethnicity, level of education attainment and time period. This study informs policymakers that individuals aged 65 and above are at risk of insufficient protein intake and there has been a general decrease in protein consumption over time. This provides evidence to support initiatives focused on this age category to maximise change and r","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess dose-dependent effects of blueberries on blood pressure, glucose and cognition","authors":"L. Ellis, C. Bosch, L. Dye","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004555","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity can increase the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Glucose control is critical to both preventing and managing diabetes and can be achieved by enhancing secretion of insulin, limiting absorption of glucose from the gut and by upregulating the use of glucose in the muscles<jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. Abnormalities in glucose management<jats:sup>(3)</jats:sup> and blood pressure control<jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup> are known to impair cognitive function. Epidemiological studies report an inverse risk of type 2 diabetes with increased intake of polyphenols. These data are also supported by <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> and animal studies reporting positive effects of polyphenols on insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate digestion and glucose regulation<jats:sup>(5)</jats:sup>. Here we aimed to evaluate postprandial glucose metabolism, blood pressure and cognitive function following a high carbohydrate meal accompanied by different doses of anthocyanin containing blueberry drinks.A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study was designed and received ethical approval and 22 participants were recruited. Each participant attended four study days in a crossover design, separated by a minimum of 5 days during which, they consumed a high carbohydrate meal consisting of two slices of toast and one of three doses of blueberry beverage or a control beverage. Memory performance was assessed using the visual verbal learning test (VVLT), measured at baseline and 90 minutes post consumption. Glucose was monitored every 15 minutes using a continuous glucose monitor which was worn across 10 days, and blood pressure was assessed every 30 minutes for a period of 4 hours in the laboratory. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) were analysed using linear mixed models. Blood pressure and VVLT data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA.The analysis was performed blind to condition. In total, 22 participants completed all four study visits (mean age 28 ± 5.9, mean weight 61kg ± 10.4, mean height, 1.64m ± 0.9, mean BMI 22.7 ± 2.27, N=20 female, N=2 male). There was a significant effect of treatment on total words recalled in the VVLT with best performance following condition B compared to condition C, and condition D compared to condition C (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Condition B also resulted in significant systolic blood pressure lowering compared to condition C (-2.47mmHg, P &lt;0.003). There was no effect of treatment on area under the curve for glucose over 3 hours postprandial (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05).Taken together these results suggest that condition B conferred greatest benefit for memory performance and that this was associated with anthocyanin related effects on systolic blood pressure.This study was funded by the Wild Blueberry Association of North America (WBANA).","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-fungi diet differentially attenuates the gut mycobiota relative to a high meat diet; consequences for chronic disease risk?","authors":"D.N Farsi, A. Nelson, G. Koutsidis, D.M Commane","doi":"10.1017/s002966512400421x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002966512400421x","url":null,"abstract":"The fungal cell wall facilitates an immune response and may be involved in intestinal immune training &lt;jats:sup&gt;(1,2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. It is also fermentable by the gut microbiome, thus, consumption of fungi changes gut microbial ecology &lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Yet, the specific effects of consuming fungal foods on the gut mycobiota (i.e., gut fungi) have not been well studied. An interesting case study is mycoprotein, a fungal based protein produced from Fusarium Venenatum &lt;jats:sup&gt;(4)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. We have previously reported that mycoprotein consumption attenuates faecal water genotoxicity, a surrogate marker of colorectal cancer risk, as well as modulates faecal metabolite excretion and gut bacterial composition &lt;jats:sup&gt;(5)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Here, we aimed to evaluate the impact of consuming a diet high in mycoprotein on gut mycobial ecology, and to explore relationships between mycobial composition and faecal genotoxicity.Here we leverage stool samples from Mycomeat: a randomised crossover-controlled trial, recruiting 20 healthy male adults to adhere to 2-week diets comprising 240 g/day of mycoprotein based foods or red and processed meat, separated by a 4-week washout. Internal transcriber spacer (ITS) sequencing was performed to characterise the mycobiota. Alpha diversity before and after study phases was compared using Wilcoxon tests. Beta diversity was compared by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) based on Bay-Curtis dissimilarities. Differences in mycobial taxa within and between study phases were compared using Wilcoxon tests. Changes in mycobiota composition was then regressed against faecal excretion of metabolites using mixed- effects models to understand the impact of myco-ecology on the wider colonic environment. Finally, given the abundance of mycobial genotoxins in nature, we regressed mycobial taxa against faecal water genotoxicity.There were significant shifts in the abundance of several taxa following both diets. Notably, mycoprotein consumption was associated with an increase in the abundance of Malasseziales sp. (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.02) and a reduction in Candida Albicans (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.01). Meat consumption was associated with an increase in Phaeoacremonium Tuscanum (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.01) and Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.008), and reduction in Penicillium Commune (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.02). In addition, Aspergillus Caesiellus was associated with lower faecal genotoxicity (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.04), whereas Penicillium Commune (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.04) and Penicillium Olsonii (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.03) were both associated with higher genotoxicity. Regressing mycobial taxa against faecal metabolites revealed a number of significant associations, including between Penicillium Commune and austdiol, a putative mycotoxin (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001) as well as 1-methyladenine, ","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}