Proceedings of the Nutrition Society最新文献

{"title":"Nutritional assessment of the diets of prisoners in Young Offender Institutions","authors":"M. Poulter, S. Coe, C-AM Graham, J. Stein, J. Tammam","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004646","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate nutrition is necessary for overall health and development<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Prisoners in general lack autonomy over their diet, in addition to being a population with a high risk of poor health outcomes<jats:sup>(2, 3)</jats:sup>. It is important therefore that prisons are offered menus which meet dietary reference values (DRVs), as set by the UK government, aiming for equity with the general population, and that prisoners choose food options that are beneficial for their health. The aim of this study was to conduct a nutritional analysis of prisoners’ food diaries to determine whether dietary recommendations were being met.Seven-day food diaries were collected from prisoners eating the normal food supplied by three young offender institutions in 2009. Food eaten was analysed using DietPlan6 version 6.0 (Forestfield Software Ltd). Individual nutrient data were tested for normality and compared against the UK DRVs and NDNS data from 2008/9 using either the one-sample T-test, or one-sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Data in the results is presented as (Mean ± SD).There were n=466 diaries analysed, from male participants aged between 16 to 24 years. Twenty- eight nutrients were compared with their respective DRVs by age categories: 16-18y (n=156), 19-24y (n=310), and 16-24y (n=466).For ages 16-24y, chloride (5556 ± 1692mg), folate (302 ± 112ug), iodine (195 ± 81ug), monounsaturated fat (35 ± 10g), potassium (3667 ± 1161mg), sodium (3899 ± 1392mg), sugar (136 ± 73g), riboflavin (2 ± 1mg), vitamin B<jats:sub>12</jats:sub> (6 ± 4ug), vitamin C (92 ± 63mg), and zinc (11 ± 3mg) exceeded DRV requirements (P&lt;0.01). Carbohydrates (53 ± 5%E), saturated fat (12 ± 5%E), and sugar (19 ± 9%E) all exceeded their DRVs (P&lt;0.05). Vitamin A (553 ± 531ug) and fibre (15 ± 6g) were found 24% and 18% lower than the DRVs, respectively (P&lt;0.01). Fat (34 ± 5%E), polyunsaturated fat (6 ± 1%E), and protein (14 ± 2%E), as a percent of energy, were below the DRV by 3%, 8%, and 7% respectively (P&lt;0.01). Magnesium (301 ± 107mg) was equal to the DRV (P=0.81).For 16-18, and 19-24 respectively, calcium (1286 ± 928mg; 1337 ± 489mg), copper (1 ± 0.6mg; 2 ± 0.6mg), iron (14 ± 5mg; 15 ± 6mg), niacin (19 ± 7mg; 21 ± 7mg), phosphorus (1545 ± 381mg; 1620 ± 493mg), protein (96 ± 24g; 100 ± 29g), thiamine (2 ± 0.6mg; 2 ± 0.7mg), and vitamin B<jats:sub>6</jats:sub> (2.3 ± 0.7ug; 3 ± 0.9ug) exceeded their DRV (P&lt;0.01). For 16-18y, energy (kcals) was equal to the DRV (2748 ± 787kcal, P=0.91). For years 19-24y, energy (kcal) exceeded the DRV (2931 ± 939kcal, P&lt;0.01).This study represents the largest assessment of dietary intake of prisoners and demonstrates that the prison catering, for the most part, met the DRVs. However, sugar, fat, and energy intake exceeded their DRV target, posing clear risks to health by possibly contributing to later obesity, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of long chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation on muscle strength in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"M. Timraz, A. Binmahfoz, T. J Quinn, E. Combet, S. Gary","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004397","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Muscle strength and mass decline as we age, typically starting around 35–40 years, and can eventually lead to the development of sarcopenia&lt;span&gt;(1)&lt;/span&gt;. There are currently no effective drug treatments available for either the prevention or treatment of this condition&lt;span&gt;(2)&lt;/span&gt; and whilst resistance exercise has efficacy&lt;span&gt;(3)&lt;/span&gt; its effectiveness is limited due to issues with uptake and adherence&lt;span&gt;(4)&lt;/span&gt;. However, emerging research suggests that nutrition may offer a potentially effective approach to delay the age-related decline in muscle mass and function among older individuals&lt;span&gt;(5)&lt;/span&gt;, with LC&lt;span&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;-3 PUFA emerging as a strong candidate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main objective of the current study was to perform a systematic literature review with the purpose of exploring the impact of long-chain &lt;span&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC&lt;span&gt;n-&lt;/span&gt;3 PUFA) relative to control oil supplementation on muscle strength, with secondary outcomes of muscle mass and physical function in older individuals under conditions of habitual physical activity/exercise.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021267011) and followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement&lt;span&gt;(6)&lt;/span&gt;. The search for relevant studies was performed utilizing databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in older adults comparing the effects of LC&lt;span&gt;n-&lt;/span&gt;3 PUFA with a control oil supplement on muscle strength were included.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Five studies&lt;span&gt;(7,8,9,10,11)&lt;/span&gt; involving a total of 488 participants (348 females and 140 males) were identified that met the specified inclusion criteria and were included. Upon analyzing the collective data from these studies, it was observed that supplementation with LC&lt;span&gt;n-&lt;/span&gt;3 PUFA did not have a significant impact on grip strength (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% confidence interval [−0.05, 1.27]; &lt;span&gt;p&lt;/span&gt; = 0.07) in comparison to the control group. However, there was a considerable level of heterogeneity among the studies (&lt;span&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt; = 90%; &lt;span&gt;p&lt;/span&gt; &lt; 0.001). As secondary outcomes were only measured in a few studies, with significant heterogeneity in methods, meta-analyses of muscle mass and functional abilities were not performed. Papers with measures of knee extensor muscle mass as an outcome (&lt;span&gt;n&lt;/span&gt; = 3) found increases with LC&lt;span&gt;n-&lt;/span&gt;3 PUFA supplementation, but studies measuring whole body lean/muscle mass (&lt;span&gt;n&lt;/span&gt; = 2) and functional abilities (&lt;span&gt;n&lt;/span&gt; = 4) reported mixed results.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With a limited number of studies, our data indicate that LC&lt;span&gt;n-&lt;/span&gt;3 PUFA supplementation has no effect on muscle strength or functional abilities in older adults but may increase muscl","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring healthcare professionals’ perceptions of diet and exercise as a form of symptom management in Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"A. Calladine, S. Coe, A. Daly, S. Lawrie","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004531","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, a region of the brain that controls movement, are lost over time <span>(1)</span>. This results in motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, and non-motor symptoms such as depression <span>(2)</span>. Evidence- based resources and programmes utilising exercise for symptom management are widely available <span>(3)</span>. However, despite emerging evidence showing that diet changes can improve quality of life and reduce disease severity <span>(4)</span>, there are few dietary guidelines and programmes. This study aims to address a current literature gap in qualitative studies assessing the opinions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards diet and exercise in PD care, and to identify barriers and facilitators of this in care.</p><p>A qualitative design was used to assess the views and beliefs of HCPs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via telephone, using a topic guide developed by the research team, consisting of 20 questions. The data were analysed using the six-phase process of Reflexive Thematic analysis to determine key themes in the data <span>(5)</span>.</p><p>Five HCPs participated in this study. One main theme and two subthemes were identified. The main theme was that provisions of care and dietary advice are limited by a lack of knowledge of evidence- based, PD-specific, dietary guidelines. Subtheme 1 was that evidence-based exercise guidelines have been important facilitators in supporting care provision. Subtheme 2 was that lack of dietary guidance has been a barrier to optimum care provision and self-efficacy of HCPs.</p><p>HCPs were less likely to discuss diet, due to barriers including lack of available resources or knowledge thereof, self-efficacy to recommend dietary changes, time constraints in the clinic, and less well-established referral pathways for dietitians. HCPs were unaware of the influence of diet in PD treatment, despite diet’s impact on symptoms being discussed in clinic. However, HCPs agreed that evidence-based resources would benefit HCPs’ practice, to improve symptom severity and nutritional status of patients. Exercise was more likely to be discussed, as evidence-based guidelines and empirical understanding meant HCPs were more aware of the beneficial effects on symptoms.</p><p>While limited by small numbers, these findings suggest that a lack of knowledge, low self-efficacy, and time pressures mean that patients may not receive dietary guidelines which may be beneficial to their care. Self-efficacy of HCPs should be improved through PD-specific nutritional education, development and dissemination of PD-specific nutrition guidelines and resources. Future research should aim to determine the effectiveness of relevant dietary strategies’ in managing and caring for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower intake of plant-derived nitrate is associated with higher odds of frailty: a cross- sectional study in community-dwelling older women","authors":"E. Hayes, E. Dent, O.M Shannon, L.Z Zhong, T. Bozanich, L.C Blekkenhorst, K. Zhu, C.P Bondonno, M. Siervo, J.M Hodgson, R.L Prince, J.R Lewis, M. Sim","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004476","url":null,"abstract":"Frailty is a distinctive health state related to the ageing process in which multiple body systems gradually lose their in-built reserves, and is associated with declines across sensory, neurological, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Previously, relationships have been identified between high dietary nitrate intake and several components of frailty including muscle strength and cognitive function, as well as vascular disease&lt;jats:sup&gt;(2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. However, little is known about the relationship between dietary nitrate intake and frailty in older adults. We investigated if higher habitual nitrate intake, derived from plant (e.g., vegetables, grains, beans, and fruits) and animal foods (e.g., meats, cheese, yoghurt) was associated with frailty in older women.1390 community-dwelling older women (mean age 75.1 ± 2.7 years) from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (1998). Nitrate concentrations in food were obtained from our recently published international plant and animal nitrate databases and applied to each of the plant and animal foods within the FFQ (described in&lt;jats:sup&gt;3&lt;/jats:sup&gt;). Frailty was operationalised using a standardised frailty index (FI) of cumulative deficits from 33 variables across multiple health domains (physical, mental, comorbidities), with a score ≥0.25 indicating frailty. Cross-sectional associations between dietary nitrate derived from plant and animal foods (separately) with frailty were analysed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models as part of restricted cubic splines. Models were adjusted for lifestyle and dietary factors (not used in the FI) that included age, smoking history, protein, alcohol, and energy intake.Frailty was observed in 276 (19.9 %) women. Median (IQR) daily plant and animal nitrate were 72.1 (55.6-90.0) mg/day and 3.5 (2.2-5.1) mg/day, respectively. A significant non-linear relationship was observed between higher plant nitrate intake and frailty, with a nadir recorded once intakes of ~64 mg/day were achieved (median of quartile [Q]2). Specifically, compared to women with the lowest intake of plant-derived nitrate (Q1, median 45 mg/day), women in Q2 (OR 0.69 95%CI 0.56-0.84), Q3 (OR 0.67 95%CI 0.50-0.90) and Q4 (OR 0.66 95%CI 0.45-0.98) had lower odds for frailty (all p&lt;0.05). Additional adjustment for diet quality (Nutrient Rich Food Index per 1000 kJ) or total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D did not alter the findings. Nitrate derived specifically from vegetables and grains were found to drive these results. No relationship was observed between animal-derived nitrate and frailty.Community-dwelling older women consuming higher amounts of nitrate derived primarily from plants were less likely to present with frailty. Consuming 1-2 servings (75-150 g) per day of nitrate- rich green leafy vegetables, as part of total vegetable intake, will provide adequa","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of plant-based food consumption: A systematic scoping review on measurement tools and associated health outcomes","authors":"A.C Creedon, V. Hubbard, R. Gibson, E. Dimidi","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004440","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-based foods encompass all food products derived from plant sources, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, herbs and spices, and nuts and seeds, plant-based fats and oils (e.g. olive oil) and plant-based beverages (e.g. tea and coffee). Consumption of diverse plant-based foods is a dietary pattern that has gained significant attention amongst the public, due to its perceived benefits for maintenance of health&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Plant-based foods provide a rich source of macronutrients, micronutrients and non-nutrient bio-actives that are often reported to improve health outcomes. Despite this, there are no standard definitions of plant-based diversity, or consensus on methods of measurement in nutrition research studies. The objective of the current research was to conduct a scoping review of the literature to identify studies investigating plant-based food diversity and it’s impact on human health outcomes, and to subsequently characterize a) definitions of plant-based diversity used, b) methods used to assess plant-based food intake, c) methods used to assess plant- based food diversity, and d) health outcomes assessed and key findings.Eligible studies were those investigating the relationship or impact of plant-based food diversity on any health related or lifestyle outcome, by any study design, in high income countries only. Studies were identified by systematic searches of two electronic databases and manual searches of reference lists. No restrictions were applied for language or year of publication. The review was performed in line with the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews &lt;jats:sup&gt;(2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;.Forty-four studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of studies were observational in design (39/44; 87%) and included fruits and vegetables only in their definitions of plant-based food diversity (32/44, 72%). Methods of measurement of both plant-based food intake and diversity varied greatly among studies, with only four studies (9%) utilizing a tool validated for assessment of plant-based food diversity in their population of interest. Health outcomes included dietary intake and behaviour, socioeconomic factors, cardiometabolic risk factors, and cancer risk,. No randomized controlled trials investigating the impact of plant food diversity on health outcomes were identified.There is a need for a consensus definition of “diverse plant-based foods” incorporating all relevant foods from plant sources (e.g. legumes, nuts, herbs). Robust measurement tools and reporting guidelines for the assessment of plant-based food diversity in nutrition research studies will help to standardize research in this area. Within countries, an assessment of standard levels of intake of plant-based foods would be beneficial, in identifying whether diverse plant-based eating may be a target for dietary improvement. Observational studies report associat","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta-glucan intake with energy and carbohydrate restricted meals: impact on subjective appetite and gastrointestinal appetite hormones in overweight adults","authors":"N. Baobid, V. Khodova, M. Clak, M. Albalji, C.A Edwards, D. Malkova","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004543","url":null,"abstract":"Energy restriction is commonly used as body weight-loss interventions <jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. However, it modifies secretion of gastrointestinal appetite hormones, which might be expected to upregulate appetite and thus impair the ability to comply with prescribed intervention<jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. Supplementation with soluble fibre may potentially counteract this matter <jats:sup>(2)</jats:sup>. This study aimed to investigate whether addition of β- glucan to energy and carbohydrate-restricted meals impacts postprandial responses of gastrointestinal appetite hormones and subjective appetite in overweight adults.Twenty-three sedentary individuals living with overweight or obesity (age: 36 ± 8.5 years, BMI: 31.12 ± 4.04 kg/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>) participated in a double-blind randomised crossover study with two experimental arms, each lasting over two days. On day 1, participants consumed Counterweight PRO800 meal replacement shakes/soups for breakfast and dinner at home, each providing ~200 kcal and a carbohydrate-restricted lunch providing 35% of their habitual energy intake. On day 2, participants attended the metabolic investigation room where they consumed the same breakfast and lunch as on day 1. On both days, each meal was taken with either 3g β-glucan (Oat Well) or cellulose (Comprecel) as placebo. On Day 2, fasting and postprandial appetite scores were recorded, and fasting and postprandial blood samples were obtained for the measurements of plasma concentration of acylated ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1. The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05981404.Two-way ANOVA showed that the postprandial concentrations of acylated ghrelin (β-glucan arm, 383 ± 23 pg/ml; placebo arm, 428 ± 23 pg/ml, P=0.02, treatment effect) and composite appetite scores (P=0.003, treatment effect) were significantly lower and PYY concentrations (β-glucan arm, 132 ± 5 pg/ml; Placebo arm, 110 ± 4 pg/ml, P= 0.003, treatment effect) significantly higher in the β- glucan arm than in the Placebo arm. The concentrations of GLP-1 were not different between arms (β-glucan arm, 29 ± 1 pM; placebo arm, 28 ± 0.9 pM, P=0.36, treatment effect).The obtained data suggests that consuming β -glucan with energy and carbohydrate-restricted meals can be expected to attenuate reduction in satiety and diminish increase in hunger. Therefore, supplementation with β-glucan during energy restriction intervention applied to body weight loss might lead to improve compliance and reduce discomfort of negative energy balance.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing adherence to plant-rich dietary patterns using metabolic signatures of plant food metabolites","authors":"Y. Li, Y. Xu, M. Le Sayec, T. D Spector, C. Menni, R. Gibson, A. Rodriguez-Mateos","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004269","url":null,"abstract":"Diet is an important modifiable lifestyle factor for human health, and plant-rich dietary patterns are associated with lower risk of non-communicable diseases in numerous studies. However, objective assessment of plant-rich dietary exposure in nutritional epidemiology studies remains challenging. This study aimed to develop and evaluate metabolic signatures of the most widely used plant-rich dietary patterns using a targeted metabolomics method comprising of 108 plant food metabolites.A total of 218 healthy participants from the POLYNTAKE cohort were included, aged 51.5 ± 17.7 years, with 24h urine samples measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The validation dataset employed three sample types to test the robustness of the signature, including 24h urine (ABP cohort, n = 88), plasma (POLYNTAKE cohort, n = 195), and spot urine (TwinsUK cohort, n = 198). Adherence to the plant-rich diet was assessed using <jats:italic>a priori</jats:italic> plant- rich dietary patterns. A combination of metabolites that evaluates the adherence and metabolic response to a specific diet was identified as metabolic signature. We applied linear regression analysis to select the metabolites significantly associated with dietary patterns (adjusting energy intake), and ridge regression to estimate penalized weights of each candidate metabolite. The correlation between metabolic signature and the dietary pattern was assessed by Spearman analysis (FDR &lt; 0.05).The metabolic signatures consisting of 42, 22, 35, 15, 33, and 33 predictive metabolites across different subclasses were found to be associated with adherence to Amended Mediterranean Score (A-MED), Original MED (O-MED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), healthy Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI) and unhealthy PDI (uDPI), respectively. The overlapping and distinct predictive metabolites across six dietary patterns predominantly consisted of phenolic acids (n = 38), including 14 cinnamic acids, 14 hydroxybenzoic acids, seven phenylacetic acids, and three hippuric acids. Six metabolites were included in all signatures, including two lignans: enterolactone-glucuronide, enterolactone-sulfate, and four phenolic acids: cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid-4'-sulfate, 2'- hydroxycinnamic acid, and 4-methoxybenzoic acid-3-sulfate. The established signatures were robustly correlated with dietary patterns in validation dataset (r = 0.13 - 0.40, FDR &lt; 0.05).We developed and evaluated a set of metabolic signatures that robustly reflected the adherence and metabolic response to plant-rich dietary patterns, suggesting the potential of these signatures to serve as an objective assessment of free-living eating habits.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doctors’ and nurses’ eating practices during shift work: Findings from a qualitative study","authors":"K. Sum, A. Cheshire, D. Ridge, D. Sengupta, S. Deb","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004282","url":null,"abstract":"Doctors’ and nurses’ (DNs) wellbeing in the National Health Service is important for safe healthcare for those in need. However, their demanding duties, including irregular shift work, can significantly impact their health. Unfortunately, irregular working patterns are associated with higher sickness rates and stress among healthcare professionals due to the inherent challenges of the work&lt;jats:sup&gt;(1,2)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. For example, shift work disrupts sleep and impairs cognitive function and performance, leading to poorer physiological and cardiovascular health&lt;jats:sup&gt;(3)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;, workforce shortages and difficulties adapting to a consistently demanding workload, which can impact patient care delivery&lt;jats:sup&gt;(4)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Despite the importance of workplace health and nutrition for DNs, our understanding of their dietary practices during shift work remains limited. Therefore, gaining insights into DNs’ eating habits during shifts is imperative to supporting their health. Our research aimed to understand DNs’ eating practices during their work, including the types of food consumed throughout the day.Online semi-structured interviews (n=16) were conducted with a convenience sample of current practising medical doctors (n=11) and nurses (n=5) in England. This provided an opportunity to compare and contrast the research data between DNs on workplace nutrition. All participants did shift work, encompassing varied working patterns, including day and night shifts, short and long days and weekends. Following Braun and Clarke’s&lt;jats:sup&gt;(5)&lt;/jats:sup&gt; approach, an inductive thematic analysis presented the findings.Results elucidate six areas of DNs’ eating practices and dietary intake: before and during shifts, on long shifts, after shifts, during night shifts, and on non-working days. Our data suggests that DNs prioritise their clinical responsibilities over their dietary intake at work. Consequently, they often miss eating opportunities and consume caffeine to stay alert during their shifts. Furthermore, DNs viewed night shifts as involving less healthy food choices. While participants expressed their intention to eat healthily during their shifts, their clinical responsibilities made maintaining regular and nutritious dietary practices throughout the day challenging. Nevertheless, DNs value their meal after a shift as the most important, as this could be the only meal they eat throughout the day.Our results suggest that DNs’ eating practices and dietary intake are sub-optimal to recommended dietary guidelines. It also suggests that eating practices are varied, individualised and not applicable to all, considering the many environmental and occupational factors contributing to DNs’ nutritional behaviours. Therefore, dietary workplace interventions are recommended to improve DNs’ dietary behaviours at work. Future research should explore DNs’ eating practices through follow-up interviews at various time points. This approach will provide valuable i","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of date-based energy bar intake on postprandial appetite, metabolism and thermogenesis","authors":"H. Alfheeaid, D. Malkova, A. Alsalamah, H. Barakat","doi":"10.1017/s002966512400435x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002966512400435x","url":null,"abstract":"Research studies suggest that date-palm (<jats:italic>Phoenix dactylifera</jats:italic> L.) fruits provide a superior nutritional and health benefits, compared to other fruits <jats:sup>(1)</jats:sup>. They are rich source of many essential nutrients including carbohydrates, dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. The date palm fruits are produced in many countries around the world and about 10-15% of the total production is lost or sold extremely at low prices <jats:sup>(2, 3)</jats:sup>. Despite these, date fruits have been rarely used as an ingredient in commercially available energy bars. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of newly formulated date-based energy bar (DBEB) <jats:sup>(4)</jats:sup> intake on subjective appetite, postprandial metabolism, energy substrate oxidation and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).Twenty-seven healthy male adults (mean ± SD, aged 20.8 ± 3.5 years with body weight of 66 ± 8 kg) participated in a randomised crossover design study. Each participant conducted two experimental arms and was investigated prior to (baseline) and for three-hours after consumption of either a date- based energy bar (DBEB) or an isocaloric and macronutrient matched mixed fruit-based energy bar (FBEB) as control arm. The DBEB contained significantly less fructose and glucose, but more sucrose and fibre than FBEB. Both experimental arms involved blood sampling, subjective appetite, and indirect calorimetry measurements. At the end of each experiment, an <jats:italic>ad libitum</jats:italic> buffet meal was provided. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and two-way ANOVA.Time-averaged composite appetite and satiety scores were not significantly different between control (FBEB) and DBEB arms. Energy intake during <jats:italic>ad libitum</jats:italic> buffet was also not different between arms. Metabolic rate measured at baseline and during post-ingestion of the bars were not significantly different between FBEB and DBEB arms (arm effect, P&gt;0.05). Thermic effect of bars calculated as percentage increase in metabolic rate above RMR during whole postprandial duration was (mean ± SE) 9.5 ± 1.6 % in DBEB arm and 8.7 ± 1.3 % in the FBEB arm (arm effect, P&gt;0.05). Rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation were also not different between the two arms (arm effect, P&gt;0.05) Time-averaged concentrations of blood glucose, insulin and triglycerides were similar between the study arms.The obtained results suggest that energy bars based on dates or mixed fruits produce similar effects on postprandial appetite, fat and carbohydrate oxidation, thermic effect and cardiometabolic risk factors. Date fruits can be used as rich source for carbohydrate and energy. However, future research should investigate the impact of date-based energy bars on antioxidant capacity and other health related markers.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary fibre intake in Kuwaiti older adults assessed by validated food frequency questionnaire","authors":"A. Alajmi, A. Garcia, C.A Edwards","doi":"10.1017/s0029665124004609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665124004609","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate dietary fibre (25-30g/day) is essential in a healthy diet preventing several health problems &lt;jats:sup&gt;(1)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;. Age-related changes reduce gut function and increase risk of constipation. A better understanding of fibre in those over 60y is required. This study aimed to measure fibre intake in those over 60y in Kuwait using the Kuwaiti Food Frequency Questionnaire for fibre (KWFFQ-DF) and explore local food sources of fibre and laxative use.Recruitment was conducted Dec 2022 to April 2023 in Geriatric Health Services in Kuwait and geriatric units across the six main governorates in Kuwait. The study was approved by the University of Glasgow Research Ethics Committee (project No. 200220066) and the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health in Kuwait (project No 9512018)18). The validated KWFFQ-DF assessed intake of total fibre (TDF), soluble fibre (SF) and insoluble fibre and included seven food groups and 134 food items. The last two questions asked if the participant consumed supplementary fibre and if they took laxatives (type and amount). The associations between fibre intake and gender, age and governorate and between TDF and laxative use were assessed by Chi squared test (&lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05 considered significant).The study recruited 210 people (61 males and 149 females; 61- 96y (median 66y). BMI ranged from 18 to 68 (median 29). Mean TDF intake was 28.7 g/d (SD 6.6; 13 to 46 g/ day). Most participants (n= 186, 89%) did not use laxatives. Several foods high in fibre were frequently consumed by participants including dates, as a snack with coffee eaten 2-6 times/day at 2.2 g TDF per portion and almonds once a day as a snack with 12 g of TDF. Whole grain toast, eaten 1-2 times daily contributed 4g TDF but with eggs or cheese at breakfast so higher in fat. Other key sources were barley bread, (8g TDF), vegetable soup, 2-4 times a week (4 g/d TDF) and Tabouleh Salad, typically eaten with grilled meat or chicken at 2g/d TDF. There was no significant association between fibre intake and gender (χ2= 1.033; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.597) or governorates (χ2= 14.66; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.145). However, the findings identified a significant association between fibre intake and age of participants (χ2= 10.066; &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.039). Moreover, there was a highly significant negative association between the TDF intake and laxative use frequency (χ2= 25.63, &lt;jats:italic&gt;P&lt;/jats:italic&gt;&lt;0.001).In contrast to some populations, fibre intake for people in Kuwait over 60y is within dietary guidelines and laxative use is low. Foods high in fibre in Kuwaiti cuisine can be, however, associated with high calories due to the sugar and fat content and may be associated with high BMI. The consequences of this need to be explored.AcknowledgementsWe would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr Ali Alqattan and the medical team at the Geriatric Clinic in Mubarak Hospi","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141527463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}