Proceedings of the Nutrition Society最新文献

Capturing food insecurity data and implications for business and policy.

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665125000035

Sinéad Furey

{"title":"Capturing food insecurity data and implications for business and policy.","authors":"Sinéad Furey","doi":"10.1017/S0029665125000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665125000035","url":null,"abstract":"Food insecurity (also known as food poverty) is the inability to afford or access a healthy diet. It has become recognised as a public health emergency and is a priority in the context of the environmental, geopolitical and socio-economic implications on businesses, households and civic society. This review paper aims to discuss the merits of collecting food insecurity data and its importance in informing cross-sectoral government and others' understanding, policymaking and action on hunger. The review paper's key findings are that concerted action on measuring and mapping food insecurity with the aim of eliminating or reducing its prevalence represents a triple win for government, business and citizens. However, measurement does not provide solutions to food insecurity but contributes importantly to understanding its extent and severity to inform and evaluate proffered solutions. Government, business and food insecurity researchers and commentators cannot merely continue to simply describe food poverty - but must effect meaningful change amidst our communities to improve life quality in a timely way for those experiencing acute and chronic hunger. This is best done by addressing the structural causes of food insecurity through economically, socially and culturally fair and appropriate policy levers, requiring cross-sectoral collaboration. Ultimately, food insecurity requires a long-term, sustainable solution that addresses the policy issues under focus: low income, under/unemployment, rising food prices and Welfare Reform, informed by routine, Government-supported monitoring and reporting of the extent of food poverty among our citizens.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supermarkets, do they make the healthy choice the easy choice? A review of the healthfulness of the supermarket food environment.

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665125000023

Sinead O Mahony, Nuala Collins, Eileen R Gibney, Gerardine Doyle

{"title":"Supermarkets, do they make the healthy choice the easy choice? A review of the healthfulness of the supermarket food environment.","authors":"Sinead O Mahony, Nuala Collins, Eileen R Gibney, Gerardine Doyle","doi":"10.1017/S0029665125000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665125000023","url":null,"abstract":"The over consumption of high fat, sugar, and salt foods increases population risk of overweight, obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases. The food environment mediates consumer food choices and thus plays an important role in diet quality and related health outcomes. The built food environment, where most people in high income countries access their food, has been found to be obesogenic. The aim of this review was to investigate the healthfulness of the supermarket food environment. Supermarkets are an important source of healthy foods in the built food environment. However, there are disparities in access to supermarkets, and in several countries, supermarkets located in areas of higher deprivation have an unhealthier consumer food environment. This double burden limits access to healthy foods amongst lower socio-economic groups, contributing to widening disparities in food-related ill health. There is a strong body of evidence supporting improved purchase of healthy foods by increasing the healthfulness of the supermarket consumer food environment. Voluntary measures co-designed with retailers to improve the healthfulness of the supermarket consumer food environment through restriction of product placement and private label reformulation have led to an increase in healthier food purchases. However, evidence also shows that mandatory, structural changes are most effective for improving disparities in relation to access to healthy food and diet-related ill health. Future research and policy related to the supermarket food environment should consider equitable access to healthy sustainable foods in the context of growth in online supermarkets.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The efficacy and feasibility of lifestyle interventions on modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among people with inflammatory bowel disease. 生活方式干预对炎症性肠病患者可改变的心血管疾病危险因素的有效性和可行性

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007596

J M Yap, C L Wall, M Schultz, K Meredith-Jones, H Osborne

{"title":"The efficacy and feasibility of lifestyle interventions on modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors among people with inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"J M Yap, C L Wall, M Schultz, K Meredith-Jones, H Osborne","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007596","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124007596","url":null,"abstract":"This review aims to highlight the relative importance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) lifestyle-associated risk factors among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and examine the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions to improve these CVD risk factors. Adults with IBD are at higher risk of CVD due to systemic and gut inflammation. Besides that, tobacco smoking, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity and poor diet can also increase CVD risk. Typical IBD behavioural modification including food avoidance and reduced physical activity, as well as frequent corticosteroid use, can further increase CVD risk. We reviewed seven studies and found that there is insufficient evidence to conclude the effects of diet and/or physical activity interventions on CVD risk outcomes among populations with IBD. However, the limited findings suggest that people with IBD can adhere to a healthy diet or Mediterranean diet (for which there is most evidence) and safely participate in moderately intense aerobic and resistance training to potentially improve anthropometric risk factors. This review highlights the need for more robust controlled trials with larger sample sizes to assess and confirm the effects of lifestyle interventions to mitigate modifiable CVD risk factors among the IBD population.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is the timing of eating relevant for weight loss? 饮食时间与减肥有关吗？

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007547

Alan Flanagan

{"title":"Is the timing of eating relevant for weight loss?","authors":"Alan Flanagan","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007547","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124007547","url":null,"abstract":"The potential influence of the timing of eating on body weight regulation in humans has attracted substantial research interest. This review aims to critically evaluate the evidence on timed eating for weight loss, considering energetic and behavioural components of the timing of eating in humans. It has been hypothesised that timed eating interventions may alter energy balance in favour of weight loss by enhancing energy expenditure, specifically the thermic effect of food. This energetic effect has been suggested to explain greater weight loss which has been observed with certain timed eating interventions, despite comparable self-reported energy intakes to control diets. However, timed eating interventions have little impact on total daily energy expenditure, and the apparent effect of time of day on the thermic effect of food largely represents an artefact of measurement methods that fail to account for underlying circadian variation in RMR. Differences in weight loss observed in free-living interventions are more likely explainable by real differences in energy intake, notwithstanding similar self-reported energy intakes. In addition, the energetic focus tends to overlook the role of behavioural factors influencing the timing of eating, such as appetite regulation chronotype-environment interactions, which may influence energy intake under free-living conditions. Overall, there is scant evidence that timed eating interventions are superior to general energy restriction for weight loss in humans. However, the role of behavioural factors in influencing energy intake may be relevant for adherence to energy-restricted diets, and this aspect remains understudied in human intervention trials.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin D and other micronutrient deficiency prevention: the role of data in informing national, regional, and global policy. 预防维生素D和其他微量营养素缺乏症：数据在为国家、区域和全球政策提供信息方面的作用。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007626

Kevin D Cashman

{"title":"Vitamin D and other micronutrient deficiency prevention: the role of data in informing national, regional, and global policy.","authors":"Kevin D Cashman","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665124007626","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organisation describes micronutrient deficiencies, or hidden hunger, as a form of malnutrition that occurs due to low intake and/or absorption of minerals and vitamins, putting human development and health at risk. In many cases, emphasis, effort, and even policy, revolves around the prevention of deficiency of one particular micronutrient in isolation. This is understandable as that micronutrient may be among a group of nutrients of public health concern. Vitamin D is a good exemplar. This review will highlight how the actions taken to tackle low vitamin D status have been highly dependent on the generation of new data and/or new approaches to analysis of existing data, to help develop the evidence-base, inform advice/guidelines, and in some cases, translate into policy. Beyond focus on individual micronutrients, there has also been increasing international attention around hidden hunger, or deficiencies of a range of micronutrients, which can exist unaccompanied by obvious clinical signs but can adversely affect human development and health. A widely quoted estimate of the global prevalence of hidden hunger is a staggering two billion people, but this is now over 30 years old. This review will outline how strategic data sharing and generation is seeking to address this key knowledge gap in relation to the true prevalence of hidden hunger in Europe, a key starting point towards defining sustainable and cost-effective, food-based strategies for its prevention. The availability of data on prevalence and food-based strategies can help inform public policy to eradicate micronutrient deficiency in Europe.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Good practices and common pitfalls of machine learning in nutrition research. 营养研究中机器学习的良好实践和常见缺陷。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007638

Daniel Kirk

{"title":"Good practices and common pitfalls of machine learning in nutrition research.","authors":"Daniel Kirk","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007638","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124007638","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning is increasingly being utilised across various domains of nutrition research due to its ability to analyse complex data, especially as large datasets become more readily available. However, at times, this enthusiasm has led to the adoption of machine learning techniques prior to a proper understanding of how they should be applied, leading to non-robust study designs and results of questionable validity. To ensure that research standards do not suffer, key machine learning concepts must be understood by the research community. The aim of this review is to facilitate a better understanding of machine learning in research by outlining good practices and common pitfalls in each of the steps in the machine learning process. Key themes include the importance of generating high-quality data, employing robust validation techniques, quantifying the stability of results, accurately interpreting machine learning outputs, adequately describing methodologies, and ensuring transparency when reporting findings. Achieving this aim will facilitate the implementation of robust machine learning methodologies, which will reduce false findings and make research more reliable, as well as enable researchers to critically evaluate and better interpret the findings of others using machine learning in their work.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel study designs and modelling approaches in nutrition research: application of advanced statistical modelling approaches and N-of-1 study designs. 营养研究中的新研究设计和建模方法：先进统计建模方法和N-of-1研究设计的应用。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007602

Edward Payne, Rute Vieira, Baukje de Roos

{"title":"Novel study designs and modelling approaches in nutrition research: application of advanced statistical modelling approaches and N-of-1 study designs.","authors":"Edward Payne, Rute Vieira, Baukje de Roos","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124007602","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124007602","url":null,"abstract":"Randomised controlled trials are the 'gold standard' approach in nutrition research to show a causal relationship between a dietary intervention and clinically relevant outcomes at the population level. Here we review why different study designs are needed to establish the efficacy of dietary interventions at the individual level and to better account for relevant factors that can also influence the outcomes. Over the past decade, precision nutrition approaches have been developed as a new way to measure the effectiveness of dietary interventions at the individual and population level. Precision nutrition aims to determine the individual factors that are associated with differences in responses to dietary interventions. This is complex, typically needing studies with a large number of participants and using advanced statistical approaches and machine-learning algorithms to identify predictors that can explain why individuals do or do not respond to consuming specific foods, meals or diets, for a given outcome. N-of-1 study designs, which are new to nutrition science, offer a robust alternative approach to assess how an intervention and everyday behaviours affect individual health outcomes. They utilise repeated measures within individuals, rather than baseline and end measures in a larger number of participants, to provide the statistical power required to determine an individual's responsiveness to an intervention. The adoption of new study designs and modelling approaches, particularly the N-of-1 approach, to examine responses to interventions within individuals, will help to further the understanding of the relationships between diet and health within individuals more effectively and accurately.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Nutrition Society Satellite Symposium, Nutrition Congress: workplace diet and health. 营养学会卫星研讨会，营养大会：工作场所饮食与健康。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124007614

Rachel Gibson, Georgia A F Rogerson, Hannah E Theobald, Jumanah S Alawfi, Elena Philippou, Deborah David, Kiu Sum, Louise R Durrant

引用次数: 0

Optimal growth and development: are teenagers getting enough micronutrients from their diet? 最佳生长发育：青少年是否从饮食中摄入了足够的微量营养素？

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1017/S002966512400017X

Niamh M Walsh, Albert Flynn, Janette Walton, Laura Kehoe

{"title":"Optimal growth and development: are teenagers getting enough micronutrients from their diet?","authors":"Niamh M Walsh, Albert Flynn, Janette Walton, Laura Kehoe","doi":"10.1017/S002966512400017X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S002966512400017X","url":null,"abstract":"The teenage years represent a crucial period of physical and cognitive growth and development with sufficient micronutrient intakes necessary to meet high nutritional requirements. This review examines current micronutrient intakes in teenagers in the Western world in the context of public health implications including the prevalence of inadequate intakes and risk of excessive intakes. Intakes of vitamins A, D, E and C, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and potassium in teenagers are low when compared to generally accepted recommendations, while there is little risk of excessive micronutrient intakes based on current dietary patterns. Therefore, strategies should focus on increasing micronutrient intakes in order to decrease the risk of negative impacts resulting from these low intakes. These strategies should be mindful of guidance towards an environmentally sustainable diet whilst ensuring that nutrient intakes in teenagers are not further negatively impacted. In order to identify, implement and monitor the effectiveness of such strategies, intakes of micronutrients should be continually monitored in nationally representative samples of the population for all age groups including this vulnerable cohort of teenagers.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Addressing the global obesity burden: a gender-responsive approach to changing food environments is needed. 解决全球肥胖问题--需要采取促进性别平等的方法来改变食物环境。

IF 7.6 2区医学

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0029665124000120

Briar L McKenzie, Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes, Mark Woodward

{"title":"Addressing the global obesity burden: a gender-responsive approach to changing food environments is needed.","authors":"Briar L McKenzie, Ana-Catarina Pinho-Gomes, Mark Woodward","doi":"10.1017/S0029665124000120","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0029665124000120","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a leading cause of death and disability globally. There is a higher proportion of women living with obesity than men, with differences in prevalence rates between women and men particularly staggering in low- and middle-income countries. The food environments that most people live in have been defined as 'obesogenic', characterised by easy access to energy dense, highly palatable foods with poor nutritional value. There is an established need to intervene to change food environments to prevent obesity. However, minimal successes are evident with no country set to meet the WHO goal of reducing obesity prevalence to 2010 numbers by 2025. In this review, we provide a narrative around the sex (biological)- and gender (sociocultural)-related considerations for the relationship between nutrition, interactions with the food environment and obesity risk. We provide an argument that there are gendered responses to food environments that place women at a higher risk of obesity particularly in relation to food industry influences, due to gendered roles and responsibilities in relation to paid and unpaid labour, and due to specific food security threats. This review concludes with hypotheses for addressing the obesity burden in a gender-responsive manner, with a call for gender equity to be a key component of the development, implementation and monitoring of obesity prevention focused policies going forward.","PeriodicalId":20751,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society","volume":" ","pages":"271-279"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0