Process Safety and Environmental Protection最新文献

{"title":"Magnesium salt-synergistic roasting of mixed rare earth concentrate: killing two birds with one stone for enhanced rare earth leaching and fluorine fixation","authors":"Jiahao He ,&nbsp;Yifan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Yuan ,&nbsp;Rui Han ,&nbsp;Peng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth (RE), often referred to as the \"vitamins\" and \"the mother of new materials\" for modern industry, are crucial resources underpinning national competitiveness and industrial advancement. Bastnaesite and monazite are the primary sources ensuring a stable global supply of RE. The Bayan Obo deposit is the world's largest RE deposit and is characterized by the coexistence of bastnaesite and monazite. However, traditional methods for processing Bayan Obo mixed RE concentrate (MREC), such as the sulphating roasting and the NaOH decomposition method, pose environmental pollution concerns. This study proposes a novel method involving magnesium salt-assisted synergistic roasting of MREC to enhance RE decomposition and extraction. With this method, leaching efficiencies reached 87.66 % for rare earth oxides (REO), 93.91 % for P, and 37.65 % for F. Compared with the process without magnesium salts, REO and P extraction increased by 48 and 74 percentage points respectively, with notably reduced fluorine extraction. During roasting without additives, bastnaesite decomposes into rare earth oxides and oxyfluorides, whereas monazite remains stable. However, adding magnesium salts promotes the decomposition of monazite. MgCl₂·6H₂O initially decomposes into Mg(OH)Cl, which subsequently reacts with monazite, forming easily leachable rare earth oxychlorides and magnesium phosphate, thereby enhancing RE extraction from monazite. Simultaneously, Mg(OH)Cl interacts with bastnaesite and its decomposition products, generating easily leachable rare earth oxychlorides along with refractory rare earth oxides and MgF₂, significantly reducing fluoride-containing wastewater. Furthermore, compared to MREC, the roasted product shows significantly enhanced pore characteristics, providing increased contact area and active reaction sites for subsequent leaching, thus facilitating RE extraction. Microscopically, after roasting, the formed rare earth oxychlorides exhibit a needle-like or whisker-like morphology with a relatively loose structure. After leaching, the residue primarily consists of monazite, rare earth oxides, and MgF₂, with MgF₂ displaying a dense, smooth, and lacteal. This study provides a novel and environmentally friendly approach for efficiently recovering rare earth from mixed rare earth concentrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107598"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective disinfection of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes from water using chlorination, UV and UV/H2O2","authors":"Javed Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Abiodun D. Ogunniyi ,&nbsp;Gianluca Brunetti ,&nbsp;Barbara Drigo ,&nbsp;Noor S. Shah ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Al-Anazi ,&nbsp;Erica Donner","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Safe, clean water is vital to maintain healthy societies and socioeconomic development, yet providing it remains an evolving challenge for water managers. Among the numerous contaminants that need to be managed, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are recognized globally as a growing priority, and the development of new and improved disinfection methods to remove them and their drivers (e.g., antibiotics) from treated wastewater effluents for recycling or discharge to water bodies is a matter of increasing interest. This study investigated the disinfection efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), chlorination (Cl₂), ultraviolet light at 254 nm (UV-254), UV-254/H₂O₂, ultraviolet light at 369 nm (UV-369) and UV-369/H₂O₂ treatments against several bacterial strains (i.e., <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Salmonella enteritidis</em> 11RX, <em>Listeria innocua</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>). Disinfection efficacy was assessed in multiple sample matrices, including ultrapure water, wastewater influent, and effluent waters. Irrespective of the bacterial strain, the removal efficacy followed the order: UV-254/H₂O₂ &gt; UV-254 &gt; Cl₂ &gt; UV-369/H₂O₂ &gt; UV-369 &gt; H₂O₂. 4-log reduction (99.99 % removal) of <em>E. coli</em> was achieved at 0.5, 1, 2, 20 and 30 min by UV-254/H₂O₂, UV-254, Cl₂, UV-369/H₂O₂ and UV-369 treatments, respectively, whereas H₂O₂ alone only achieved 97.6 % removal of <em>E. coli</em> after 30 min of treatment. UV-254 and UV-254/H₂O₂ were also able to remove antibiotic resistance genes with an observed rate constant ranging from 0.3445 to 0.6122 min^–1. The findings of this study suggest that coupling H₂O₂ with solar light is a promising alternative approach for reducing the quantity of opportunistic human pathogens in reclaimed water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107589"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and nanoplastics across the food web: Challenges and mitigation strategies in securing human health","authors":"Mingjun Chen ,&nbsp;Ali Raza Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohail Memon ,&nbsp;Babar Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs, particles &lt; 5 mm) and even smaller nanoplastics (NPs, particles &lt; 100 nm) are ubiquitous synthetic polymer fragments predominantly derived from mismanaged plastic waste and industrial discharge breakdown. Their widespread presence in marine and terrestrial environments has raised global concern over the infiltration of MP/NPs into food chains and potential adverse impacts on food quality and human health. Organisms across aquatic and terrestrial food chains readily ingest MP/NPs. In marine systems, they are consumed by small aquatic organisms and accumulate in fish and shellfish. In contrast, in terrestrial systems, they contaminate soil and can be taken up by crops. These pathways contribute to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of plastics within edible tissues, ultimately leading to human dietary exposure through contaminated seafood, fruits, and vegetables. Once inside living organisms, MP/NPs can compromise food quality by reducing nutritional content and triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage. Human intake of these particles has been associated with gastrointestinal disturbances, immune system dysfunction, endocrine disruption, and potential cancer risks. The mitigation strategies to overcome plastic pollution are introducing the advanced filtration system, detection methods, innovative water bodies clean-up technologies, banning single-use plastic, and using biodegradable and plant-based alternatives. However, critical research gaps remain in understanding the long-term effects of low-dose chronic exposure and the interactions of MP/NPs particles with other environmental stressors. This review emphasizes the urgent need for multidisciplinary investigations to fully elucidate the fate and health consequences of MP/NPs in the food web and to inform effective mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107586"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of antibiotic effects on wastewater denitrification: From process inhibition to microbial resistance mechanism","authors":"Yunmeng Pang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Zhai ,&nbsp;Yuxin Fu ,&nbsp;Hai Lin ,&nbsp;Jianlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics, as emerging pollutants, are frequently detected in wastewater treatment systems, and their impact on biological denitrification has garnered increasing attention. This review comprehensively summarized the effects of antibiotics on heterotrophic, autotrophic, and mixotrophic denitrification performances, considering various factors such as antibiotic types, concentrations, environmental conditions and exposure time. It delves into antibiotic effects on nitrate removal, intermediate product accumulation, and greenhouse gas emissions. The review also elucidates the mechanisms underlying these effects from the angles of denitrifying microbial community structures and functional genes. Furthermore, it clarifies the defense mechanisms employed by microorganisms to counteract antibiotic effects, such as biodegradation, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) acquisition. These mechanisms enable microorganisms to maintain denitrification capabilities under antibiotic pressure. Finally, the review identifies gaps in current research and suggest future directions, emphasizing the need for studies on low-concentration antibiotics, combined pollution effects, microbial adaptation mechanisms, and ARGs dissemination pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic mechanism for preparation of high-performance ceramsite from coal gangue and iron ore tailings","authors":"Wenzhuo Ma ,&nbsp;Wuju Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Pan ,&nbsp;Deqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Tao Dong ,&nbsp;Zhengqi Guo ,&nbsp;Congcong Yang ,&nbsp;Siwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preparation of ceramsite from coal gangue (CG) and iron ore tailings (IOT) is an eco-friendly, sustainable and economical approach. This study aims to systematically investigate the characteristics of CG and IOT, and prepare high-performance ceramsite through their synergistic effect. The results show that CG, an excellent pelletizing material, compensates for the poor pelletizing property of IOT. And IOT makes up for the poor thermal stability of CG, to produce green pellets with good properties. The fluxes in IOT can improve the liquid phase formation capacity and decrease the roasting temperature of ceramsite. The formation of liquid phase can effectively prevent the gas escaping, which is beneficial to light weight. However, the excessive CaO and MgO in IOT are easy to narrow roasting temperature, while the CaO and MgO contents in CG are relatively low. So their combination is conducive to widening the suitable roasting temperature range. Meanwhile, the high SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents in CG provide a foundation to form the skeleton of ceramsite. The synergistic effect of CG and IOT creates good conditions for the preparation of high-performance ceramsite. 900 grade high-strength ceramsites were obtained with CG: IOT of 55:45 and 45:55, roasting temperature of 1180 ℃ and roasting time of 25 min. This research provides theoretical basis for the resourceful utilization of solid waste and the expansion of raw material sources of ceramsite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-facilitated biodiesel production through rGO-based multifunctional metal oxide nanocatalysts to improve engine characteristics","authors":"Shulong Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Gao ,&nbsp;Dulong Feng ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuechen Huang ,&nbsp;Qian Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an improved bifunctional rGO/CaO/NiO (rCN) nanocomposite was designed and used to synthesize biodiesel (BD) from waste edible oil (WEO) via a microwave-aided method. Detailed structural characterisation of the catalyst indicated a large precise surface area and excellent surface characteristics. Response surface methodology (RSM) based 3⁴ factorial central composite design (CCD) was used to otimize the biodiesel production parameters. The optimal reaction conditions, which included a molar ratio of 11.1:1, microwave treatment for 7.5 min, a catalyst dosage of 3 wt%, and an agitation alacrity of 700 rpm, resulted in a significant BD yield of 97.46 %. The catalyst has shown outstanding stability and performed well by proving its reusability till seventh sets to produce high yield of BD. The kinetic analysis showed that the conversion of WEO to BD had 30.91 kJ/mol of reaction initiation energy and an exponential influence of 2.3 × 10⁴ min⁻¹ . It was discovered that the physical characteristics of the biodiesel obtained from WEO met ASTM D6751 requirements. Further, the model of the engine is DIESEL 3LD510 an make is Lombardini is used to test the performance and emissions of biodiesel blends (B0, B10, B20 and B30) in various loading. At maximum load, the B10, B20, and B30 blends showed a decrease in BSFC by 2.19 %, 5.43 % and 9.21 % respectively, while BTE improved by 1.91 %, 2.52 % and 4.1 % compared to the B0. Additionally, the inclusion of biodiesel in the B30 mixture led to a reduction in CO, HC, and NOₓ releases by 40.02 %, 36.11 %, and 5.68 %, respectively, relative to the base fuel B0. Overall, the rCN nanocatalyst stands out as an excellent option for the production of high yield of BD due to its shorter time of response and unparalleled reusability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107585"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental hazards of coal fires: Fracture-driven radon anomalies and migration","authors":"Zhiyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hemeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Teng Ma ,&nbsp;Jinyu Li ,&nbsp;Yongjun Wang ,&nbsp;Hung Vo Thanh ,&nbsp;Ichhuy Ngo","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground coal fires pose critical threats to mining safety, energy security, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the Haizhou Open-pit Mine, where field measurements detected elevated radon concentrations along surface fractures, with peak value exceeded 10,000 Bq/m³ . It demonstrates the fracture’ pivotal role in gas migration. A 1-D steady-state migration model was established to evaluate the competing effects of diffusion, convection, and radioactive decay. The model demonstrates that radon can reach the surface from depths over 1000 m at high seepage rates (<em>v</em>&gt;10⁻³ m/s). Furthermore, a 3-D multiphysics model was constructed, incorporating derived relationships between temperature and radon generation from the closed radon accumulation system. Results show that elevated coal temperatures and fracture-related parameters significantly enhance surface radon response. Convective transport within fractures dominates radon migration, amplifying surface concentrations by over 60-fold when fracture widths expand from 0.7 mm to 1.5 mm. Fracture density and fire zone area expansion demonstrate positive correlations with radon anomaly, while increased burial depth leads to substantial attenuation due to radioactive decay. These findings contribute valuable insights for precise coal fire inversion and geological hazard assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of spacers in osmotic membrane desalination: Advances, challenges, practical and artificial intelligence-driven solutions","authors":"Y.Y. Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osmotic membrane desalination processes, including reverse osmosis (RO), forward osmosis (FO), pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) offer promising solutions for addressing water shortages. In these processes, spacers play a crucial role in enhancing flow dynamics and reducing fouling. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of advancements in spacer role for osmotic membrane desalination, focusing on CFD, 3D printing, monitoring strategies and AI-driven optimization. Both computational and experimental approaches for evaluating spacer effectiveness are examined. To maximize efficiency, novel spacer designs should prioritize mass transfer enhancement. Furthermore, enhancing osmotic membrane performance at the module scale requires optimizing spacer geometry and effective membrane length, such as tapered-array configuration to maintain higher cross-flow velocities and sustain mass transfer benefits. Key challenges involve balancing conflicting design objectives, considering system-level factors for improved performance, addressing manufacturing constraints and applying AI to optimize membrane spacers. Finally, this study provides strategies to bridge the gap between theoretical advancements and real-world implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107587"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in the production of livestock manure-derived biochar (LMB) for sustainable carbon neutrality: Evaluation of hazardous volatile organic compound (VOC) emission characteristics","authors":"Ye-Bin Choi ,&nbsp;Yong-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Livestock manure-derived biochar presents an environmentally sustainable approach for managing livestock waste and achieving carbon neutrality through carbon sequestration. However, incomplete pyrolysis during biochar production may result in the retention of hazardous organic compounds, which can be emitted into the atmosphere during field application. In this study, biochar was produced at both lab- and pilot-scales under varying conditions, including manure type (cow and chicken), pyrolysis temperature (400°C and 700°C), and residence time (5–12 min). Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) were evaluated across a temperature range of 35–280°C. Lab-scale results revealed that pyrolysis temperature had a more significant influence on VOC emissions than residence time. For example, total VOC concentrations measured at 50°C were 73.4 μg g^–1 for biochar produced at 400°C, compared to 4.96 μg g^–1 at 700°C. In a modeled field scenario, where 1 metric ton of pilot-scale biochar is mixed into soil (density 1.5 g cm^–3; application rate 5 wt%), predicted ambient total VOC concentrations at 2 m height ranged from 8740 to 52,513 μg m^–3. These levels far exceed the WHO’s indoor air quality target of 250 μg m^–3, indicating substantial risk. Therefore, pyrolysis at or above 700°C and strict thermal management are essential for safe biochar production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 107581"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment framework for the equity and efficiency coupling of livestock industry carbon emissions: Evidence from China","authors":"Kun Zhou ,&nbsp;Liu Chen ,&nbsp;Jinbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaijian Li ,&nbsp;Shiying Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.psep.2025.107580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study established a comprehensive assessment framework for carbon emissions from the livestock industry (CELI) through a coupled perspective of equity (equality for all, resident income, and agricultural land capacity) and efficiency (economy, technology, and nutrient supply). Based on this framework, the study systematically analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics, regional disparities, and key driving factors underlying the coupling of CELI equity and efficiency. The results indicate that CELI efficiency in China has shown a continuous upward trend, particularly in the developed regions, where it exceeds the national average. However, CELI inequality remains widespread across most regions, with the highest levels observed in less developed areas. The levels of CELI equity and efficiency coupling in all provinces are generally located at low and basic coupling levels. Notably, the coupling level is the lowest in the regions with the most concentrated livestock industry. Continuously rising urbanization is the key factor inhibiting CELI equity and efficiency coupling, whereas population growth and increasing resident income had positive effects in most provinces. Our framework contributes to a more reasonable assessment of the carbon emission characteristics of livestock industry, and provides valuable references for the formulation of low-carbon agricultural development policies in other countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20743,"journal":{"name":"Process Safety and Environmental Protection","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 107580"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}