Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny最新文献

{"title":"Fabry disease - what a gastroenterologist should know.","authors":"Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska, Tomasz Hryszko","doi":"10.5114/pg.2023.133516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2023.133516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked metabolic error caused by various mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene, which results in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids. Gastrointestinal symptoms are quite common in affected patients; therefore, it is important for gastroenterologists to keep it in mind as a differential diagnosis for especially challenging patients. The following review provides concise information on epidemiology and genetics, signs, and symptoms of the disease, focusing on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, providing a brief overview of the diagnostic process and the available treatment, both disease specific and supportive, again with a focus on alleviation of gastrointestinal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A forecasting method of postoperative intestinal paralysis and its timely resolution.","authors":"Valentin Madyarov, Marat Kuzikeev, Maulen Malgazhdarov, Yestay Abzalbek, Gulmamed Ashimov","doi":"10.5114/pg.2023.133063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2023.133063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of intestinal paresis after surgery in patients with acute surgical conditions complicated by peritonitis is an urgent problem of abdominal surgery.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the effectiveness of the developed methods, as well as to predict the risk of intestinal paresis, and establish the possibilities of correcting this condition in patients with acute surgical pathology complicated by peritonitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twenty patients were examined, in whom the temperature parameters of the mucous membrane and skin of the cheek were measured, based on which the probability of developing paresis was predicted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed method of thermometry of the mucous membrane and cheek skin made it possible to predict a high risk of intestinal paresis in 75% of patients and low risk in 25% of patients. It was shown that 80% of patients had a complete restoration of intestinal motility on the first day after the start of treatment. In 20% of cases, a partial improvement in the motor evacuation function of the intestine was observed on the first day, and full recovery was noted on the second day after the start of therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed methods are highly effective and suitable for predicting and correcting intestinal paresis in patients with acute surgical conditions in the postoperative period.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Aramchol in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Adnan Malik,&nbsp;Mahum Nadeem,&nbsp;Waseem Amjad,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Malik,&nbsp;Sadia Javaid,&nbsp;Umer Farooq,&nbsp;Khadija Naseem,&nbsp;Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.5114/pg.2022.113573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2022.113573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a wide range of related liver disorders affecting mainly people who drink no or very little alcohol. Aramchol is a new synthetic molecule that has been shown to reduce liver fat content. There is little evidence supporting its efficacy in humans.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of Aramchol in patients with NAFLD according to different randomized clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant clinical trials assessing the use of Aramchol in patients with NAFLD. Risk of bias assessment was performed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. We included the following outcomes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP), glycated haemoglobin (HbA_1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HOMA-IR, and insulin level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 3 clinical trials. We found that the Aramchol group did not show any significant difference from the control group regarding ALT (MD = 3.92 (-21.20, 29.04), <i>p</i> = 0.76), AP (MD = -0.59 (-8.85, 7.67), <i>p</i> = 0.89), HbA_1c (MD = -0.11 (-0.32, 0.10), <i>p</i> = 0.29), TC (MD = 14.25 (-626, 34.77), <i>p</i> = 0.17), TG (MD = 2.29 (-39.30, 43.87), <i>p</i> = 0.91), HOMA-IR (MD = -0.11 (-1.58, 1.37), <i>p</i> = 0.89), and insulin levels (MD = -0.88 (-5.82, 4.06), <i>p</i> = 0.73). AST levels were significantly higher in the Aramchol group (MD =11.04 (4.91, 17.16), <i>p</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aramchol was a safe and tolerable drug to be used in patients with NAFLD. However, it was not superior to placebo in reducing the biochemical liver markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/1b/PG-18-46420.PMC10050975.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9296106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingestion of corrosive substances and the endoscopic role in assessing the severity of caustic injury.","authors":"Natasha Simonovska,&nbsp;Vesna Velikj Stefanovska,&nbsp;Aleksandra Babulovska,&nbsp;Zanina Pereska,&nbsp;Irena Jurukov,&nbsp;Afrodita Berat-Huseini,&nbsp;Kristin Kostadinovski,&nbsp;Kiril Naumovski","doi":"10.5114/pg.2023.129415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2023.129415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The ingestion of caustic substances into the upper gastrointestinal tract is an unusual but potentially life-threatening problem.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the most commonly ingested corrosive substances, and the endoscopic findings, complications, and final outcomes of caustic intake.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 220 inpatient participants with corrosive poisonings during a 3-year period (2017-2019). Data from the national patient electronic system \"My term\" and from the \"Poisoning information centre\" at the University Clinic for Toxicology, Skopje were used. Demographic characteristics, type of corrosive substance, endoscopic findings by Kikendall classification, emerging complications, fatal outcome, and hospitalization were analysed. Data obtained were analysed with the SPSS software package, version 22.0 for Windows.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the period 2017-2019, out of 220 hospitalized cases with corrosive substance intake, 132 (60%) were with ingestion of acids, 19 (8.6%) with bases, 32 (14.6%) with bleaches, and 37 (16.8%) with other household products (<i>p</i> = 0.3469). The mean age of patients was 49.89 ±19.86 years. The most severe endoscopy findings (high-grade injury) were significantly more often associated with acid and base ingestion (<i>p</i> = 0.00001). Out of all strictures, 25 (64.1%) were on one location (either oesophagus or stomach), and 12 (30.8%) were on 2 locations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is very important procedure for rapid assessment of severity of caustic injury, early appropriate therapy, as well as the potential development of strictures. The obtained data are very important for the development of a national program for the prevention of corrosive poisoning in our country.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/c8/PG-18-51069.PMC10395062.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C-reactive protein/albumin and ferritin as predictive markers for severity and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis.","authors":"Manas Kumar Behera,&nbsp;Debakanta Mishra,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Sahu,&nbsp;Radhika Nittala,&nbsp;Ayaskanta Singh,&nbsp;Girish Kumar Pati,&nbsp;Shobhit Agarwal,&nbsp;Jimmy Narayan","doi":"10.5114/pg.2022.115609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2022.115609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease with high mortality and morbidity. However, scoring systems or prognostic indicators for assessing AP are cumbersome and expensive, and have not proved accurately to predict outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We conducted a study with the aim of evaluating the predictive accuracy of C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin and ferritin regarding outcomes in patients with AP.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care referral centre in Odisha from March 2020 to April 2021. A total of 116 consecutive patients of AP were enrolled in the study. CTSI, APACHE II, ferritin, and the CRP/albumin ratio were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 40.63 ±5.49 years with a male predominance (73%). Alcohol was most common aetiology (46.6%), and the overall mortality was 18%. Mean ferritin and the CRP/albumin ratio were also significantly higher in severe AP as compared to moderately severe AP and mild AP (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The CRP/albumin ratio (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02-1.56, <i>p</i> = 0.02) was found to be independent predictor of mortality in Cox regression multivariate analysis and had the highest AUC for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Serum ferritin had higher AUC (0.89, 0.83-0.91, <i>p</i> < 0.001) for the development of necrosis in acute pancreatitis, but it failed to be proven as an independent predictor of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CRP/albumin is a simple, cheap, and easily available biomarker predicting the development of severe pancreatitis, and it was found to be an independent predictor of mortality in AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/f4/PG-18-46874.PMC10395065.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9941422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory bowel diseases and the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 - a Polish single-centre experience from the pre-vaccine era.","authors":"Estera Banasik, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Barbara Kołodziejczak, Piotr Eder","doi":"10.5114/pg.2023.133479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2023.133479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The data on the relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and the course of COVID-19 from East-Central Europe are scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the frequency of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in IBD patients and the impact of IBD on the COVID-19 course from the perspective of a Polish tertiary centre.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Data on SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively collected among IBD patients hospitalized in a Polish tertiary centre from March 2020 to May 2021. A questionnaire was used assessing the IBD characteristics, other comorbidities, and the course of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 350 patients, SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed in 32 (9%). Severe COVID-19, defined as the need for hospitalization, was reported in 6 (19%) and mild in 26 (81%) cases. Compared to the mild COVID-19 course, patients with a severe course more often showed a higher IBD activity (3 points [IQR 2.25-3] vs. 1 point [IQR 0-2] in a semi-quantitative scale, <i>p</i> = 0.002), more often received steroids (67% vs. 11%, <i>p</i> = 0.02), and were not treated with biologics (0% vs. 46%, <i>p</i> = 0.07). There was a correlation between the duration of symptomatic infection and the number of comorbidities (<i>r</i> = 0.4, <i>p</i> = 0.04). No death or short-term COVID-19 complications were reported. In 25% of cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection caused new gastrointestinal symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IBD is not a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Steroids and higher IBD clinical activity may increase the risk of severe COVID-19. The prognosis for COVID-19 in our cohort was good. SARS-CoV-2 infection was a common cause of gastrointestinal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of secondary syphilis under anti-TNF treatment.","authors":"Marilena Tooulia, Spyridon Vrakas, Vasileios Xourgias","doi":"10.5114/pg.2023.124519","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2023.124519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70474667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prognostic activity of acylglycerol kinase immunohistochemical expression in colon adenocarcinoma patients.","authors":"Marlena Brzozowa-Zasada, Józef Kurek, Marek Kucharzewski, Katarzyna Stęplewska","doi":"10.5114/pg.2023.133477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2023.133477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum (COAD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers of the gastrointestinal system. Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is a known lipid kinase producing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from monoacylglycerol. It is widely expressed in the heart, brain, kidney, and muscle. Moreover, AGK is a significant cancer-related gene and is upregulated in many human malignancies, e.g. prostate cancer, breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal carcinoma. However, the expression pattern and clinical significance of AGK in colon adenocarcinoma patients, especially in individuals living in Europe, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study investigated the expression of AGK protein in colon adenocarcinoma samples to assess its prognostic significance by correlating its immunohistochemical expression with the clinicopathological variables and survival of individuals living in Poland.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Tissue specimens were received from 110 colon adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgical resection at the Municipal Hospital in Jaworzno in 2013-2015. The paraffin-embedded specimens were cut into 4-µm-thick sections and incubated with rabbit polyclonal antibody to AGK (final dilution 1 : 500) (Invitrogen; cat. number PA5-28566).</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>AGK was strongly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma tissues in comparison to non-pathological colon specimens. The high level of AGK immunoexpression was demonstrated to be clearly correlated with the malignancy-related clinicopathological factors and 5-year overall survival rate of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for the management of ulcerative colitis. Recommendations of the Polish Society of Gastroenterology and the Polish National Consultant in Gastroenterology.","authors":"Piotr Eder, Michał Łodyga, Magdalena Gawron-Kiszka, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Maciej Gonciarz, Marek Hartleb, Maria Kłopocka, Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko, Piotr Radwan, Jarosław Reguła, Edyta Zagórowicz, Tomasz Banasiewicz, Marek Durlik, Grażyna Rydzewska","doi":"10.5114/pg.2023.125882","DOIUrl":"10.5114/pg.2023.125882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is an update of the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations of the National Consultant for Gastroenterology and the Polish Society of Gastroenterology from 2013. It contains 49 recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment, both pharmacological and surgical, of ulcerative colitis in adults. The guidelines were developed by a group of experts appointed by the Polish Society of Gastroenterology and the National Consultant in the field of Gastroenterology. The methodology related to the GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of available evidence and the strength of therapeutic recommendations. The degree of expert support for the proposed statements was assessed on a 6-point Likert scale. Voting results, together with comments, are included with each statement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/6f/PG-18-50345.PMC10050986.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10305279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium-competitive acid blockers, a new therapeutic class, and their role in acid-related diseases: a narrative review.","authors":"Gerson Domingues,&nbsp;Decio Chinzon,&nbsp;Joaquim Prado P Moraes-Filho,&nbsp;Juliana Tosta Senra,&nbsp;Marcos Perrotti,&nbsp;Schlioma Zaterka","doi":"10.5114/pg.2022.116673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2022.116673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A new therapeutic class, potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), has emerged in Brazil to promote a superior antisecretory effect addressing the unmet needs related to acid-related disease management. Vonoprazan fumarate showed a good safety profile and was approved by the Brazilian regulatory agency - ANVISA.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This narrative review was conducted to review the general concepts regarding P-CABs, focussing on vonoprazan fumarate.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted through April-May 2021 using official databases with a combination of MeSH controlled vocabulary and text words. The authors selected articles that described pivotal and novel insights about P-CABs and vonoprazan fumarate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vonoprazan is a drug of the P-CABs class newly approved for the management of acid-related diseases in Brazil. P-CABs achieve rapid, potent, and prolonged acid suppression (including night-time) and promise to address some unmet clinical needs in GERD. Furthermore, considering the difficulties encountered in attaining effective symptomatic control - particularly at night - using currently available PPIs, this new drug class is promising.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review brings important information about vonoprazan, a new therapeutic option in Brazil, which may be considered as a valuable tool for managing acid-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20719,"journal":{"name":"Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/ac/PG-18-47138.PMC10050988.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9296103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}