Anthony P. Gies, David M. Hercules, Arjun Raghuraman, Alex J. Kosanovich, Matthew A. Baker, Sukrit Mukhopadhyay, Ilia Kobylianskii, Manjiri Paradkar
{"title":"Microstructure characterization and mechanistic insight into polyether polyols and their associated polyurethanes","authors":"Anthony P. Gies, David M. Hercules, Arjun Raghuraman, Alex J. Kosanovich, Matthew A. Baker, Sukrit Mukhopadhyay, Ilia Kobylianskii, Manjiri Paradkar","doi":"10.1002/mas.21862","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mas.21862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article reviews the analytical tool chest used for characterizing alkoxylates and their associated copolymer mixtures. Specific emphasis will be placed upon the use of mass spectrometry-based techniques as rapid characterization tools for optimizing reaction processes in an industrial R&D setting. An initial tutorial will cover the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation for detailed component analysis (e.g., polyol and isocyanate) of a model polyurethane-based foam. Next, this critical feedback information will be used with the guidance of mass spectrometry to initiate the development of a new, more efficient, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (FAB) catalyst-based alkoxylation process for generating the next generation of glycerin-initiated poly(propylene oxide)-<i>co</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers. Examples will be provided for each step in the FAB-based optimization process that were required to generate the final product. Following this example, two-dimensional liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, and ion mobility separations, along with their coupling to mass spectrometry, will be reviewed for their efficiency in characterizing and quantitating the components within these complex polyether polyol mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":"44 6","pages":"889-917"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9927030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bryan Katzenmeyer, David Dabney, Kevin Endres, Savannah Snyder, Jason O'Neill, Calum Bochenek, Luciana Rivera
{"title":"Chrys Wesdemiotis: Our Adviser, Mentor, and Friend","authors":"Bryan Katzenmeyer, David Dabney, Kevin Endres, Savannah Snyder, Jason O'Neill, Calum Bochenek, Luciana Rivera","doi":"10.1002/mas.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mas.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>I recall the day when Laurence Charles and Richard Cole approached me to be a guest editor for a special issue honoring the life work of my former PhD adviser and friend, Distinguished Professor Chrys Wesdemiotis, at The University of Akron. It took me less than one second to say I would be honored to participate because of how Chrys made an impact, not just on my life, but for the countless others who have worked with him over the years. Many of us know Chrys for his vast scientific achievements, crossing multi-disciplinary fields of research. However, only a select group of his former students and postdocs can truly appreciate Chrys and his impact on our lives throughout the years. Chrys has been an integral part of celebrating our successes in the lab, mentoring us through challenging times, and being part of our lives even well beyond our studies and research on campus. In this reminiscence article, a group of former and current students will comment on how Chrys is special to us, and we genuinely appreciate him being our adviser, mentor, and friend. We are thrilled to see Chrys being honored with this special issue of <i>Mass Spectrometry Reviews</i>!</p><p>Bryan Katzenmeyer, PhD</p><p>Director, Mass Spectrometry Business at JEOL</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":"44 6","pages":"876-879"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization through mass spectrometry","authors":"Mahi Ahmad, Scott M. Grayson","doi":"10.1002/mas.21877","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mas.21877","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zwitterionic ring-expansion polymerization (ZREP) is a polymerization method in which a cyclic monomer is converted into a cyclic polymer through a zwitterionic intermediate. In this review, we explored the ZREP of various cyclic polymers and how mass spectrometry assists in identifying the product architectures and understanding their intricate reaction mechanism. For the majority of polymers (from a few thousand to a few million Da) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry is the most effective mass spectrometry technique to determine the true molecular weight (MW) of the resultant product, but only when the dispersity is low (approximately below 1.2). The key topics covered in this study were the ZREP of cyclic polyesters, cyclic polyamides, and cyclic ethers. In addition, this study also addresses a number of other preliminary topics, including the ZREP of cyclic polycarbonates, cyclic polysiloxanes, and cyclic poly(alkylene phosphates). The purity and efficiency of those syntheses largely depend on the catalyst. Among several catalysts, <i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbenes have exhibited high efficiency in the synthesis of cyclic polyesters and polyamides, whereas tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>] is the most optimal catalyst for cyclic polyether synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":"44 6","pages":"918-946"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mas.21877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigations into the characterization, degradation, and applications of biodegradable polymers by mass spectrometry","authors":"Paola Rizzarelli, Melania Leanza, Marco Rapisarda","doi":"10.1002/mas.21869","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mas.21869","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biodegradable polymers have been getting more and more attention because of their contribution to the plastic pollution environmental issues and to move towards a circular economy. Nevertheless, biodegradable materials still exhibit various disadvantages restraining a widespread use in the market. Therefore, additional research efforts are required to improve their performance. Mass spectrometry (MS) affords a relevant contribution to optimize biodegradable polymer synthesis, to confirm macromolecular structures, to examine along the time the progress of degradation processes and highlight advantages and drawbacks in the extensive applications. This review aims to provide an overview of the MS investigations carried out to support the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, with helpful information on undesirable products or polymerization mechanism, to understand deterioration pathways by the structure of degradation products and to follow drug release and pharmacokinetic. Additionally, it summarizes MS studies addressed on environmental and health issues related to the extensive use of plastic materials, that is, potential migration of additives or microplastics identification and quantification. The paper is focused on the most significant studies relating to synthetic and microbial biodegradable polymers published in the last 15 years, not including agro-polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":"44 6","pages":"947-988"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mas.21869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138443291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malvika Dutt, Adriana Arigò, Giorgio Famiglini, Pierangela Palma, Achille Cappiello
{"title":"Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Fundamental Principles, Diverse Applications, and the Latest Technological Frontiers.","authors":"Malvika Dutt, Adriana Arigò, Giorgio Famiglini, Pierangela Palma, Achille Cappiello","doi":"10.1002/mas.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review examines the evolution of chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CI-MS), a technique developed in 1966 by Field and Munson. CI is a soft-ionization method that produces more intense molecular ions with less fragmentation than electron ionization (EI). CI-MS is widely utilized across various fields, including atmospheric chemistry, environmental science, and biomedical research. The article highlights different CI-MS types, such as proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), which is renowned for its ability to analyze volatile organic compounds in real-time; negative ion CI-MS, which provides insights into anions; selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), and ion-drift chemical ionization mass spectrometry (ID-CIMS), techniques that allow for the direct analysis of trace gases with high sensitivity and specificity. The article discusses advancements in chromatography with CI-MS, particularly atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and liquid electron ionization (LEI) interface. The ongoing exchange of data between fundamental ion/molecule studies and specific applications has significantly boosted the growth of CI-MS in recent decades. In recent years, no extensive review has been published on CI-MS. This article provides an overview of CI-MS technique, its applications, and its evolution over the years, highlighting its importance in advancing scientific research and understanding the chemistry of various environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":206,"journal":{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}