Progress in Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Copepod population restarts: naupliar recruitment phenology during the winter-to-spring transition","authors":"Lauren N. Block ,&nbsp;Alexandra M. Poje ,&nbsp;Russell R. Hopcroft ,&nbsp;Petra H. Lenz","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In high-latitude marine environments, the winter-to-spring transition is characterized by order-of-magnitude increases in copepod biomass in the photic zone. However, the overwintering populations and naupliar recruitment patterns that lead to this biomass increase are poorly characterized. In this study, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and environmental parameters were monitored from early January to late March in a deep Alaskan Fjord, Resurrection Bay. Copepods were identified and enumerated using microscopy and nauplii were speciated using DNA metabarcoding. A diverse community of adult and pre-adult copepods was found overwintering below 200 m, illustrating the importance of nearshore deep-water locations as overwintering habitats. Nauplii were abundant at all depths throughout the winter and were comprised of a diverse and changing species assemblage over the study period. Thirteen species clustered into three groups based on naupliar phenology: 1) presence during the winter and absence during the spring (e.g., <em>Neocalanus</em> spp.), 2) absence during the winter and presence during the spring (e.g., <em>Calanus marshallae</em>), and 3) presence during both winter and spring (e.g., <em>Metridia pacifica</em> and <em>Oithona similis</em>). The first two groups aligned with predicted phenologies of capital- and income-breeding species, respectively, but the presence of several income-breeding species in group three was unexpected. Furthermore, a temporal mismatch between nauplii and ovigerous females in this group suggests that some copepods are overwintering as nauplii while female reproduction remains tied to phytoplankton availability. Differences in overwintering strategies between closely related species revealed temporal niche partitioning. The diversity of species and reproductive phenologies may contribute to ecosystem stability and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 103763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148168484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Analysis of ecologically relevant sea ice and ocean variables for the Southern Ocean using a high-resolution model to inform ecosystem studies” [Prog Oceanogr. 215 (2023) 103049]","authors":"Denisse Fierro-Arcos ,&nbsp;Stuart Corney ,&nbsp;Amelie Meyer ,&nbsp;Hakase Hayashida ,&nbsp;Andrew E. Kiss ,&nbsp;Petra Heil","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103759","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 103759"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148231514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen depletion on the East China Sea shelf: climatology and long-term trends from the World Ocean Database","authors":"Zilin Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Guo ,&nbsp;Tsueno Ono","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal oxygen depletion has been increasingly reported on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf since the early 2000s; however, its long-term evolution and underlying drivers remain poorly understood. Using historical observations from the World Ocean Database (1951–2006), we reconstruct basin-scale variability of dissolved oxygen (DO) across the ECS shelf and analyze both seasonal patterns and multi-decadal trends. Our results show that oxygen depletion (DO ≤ 4 mg L⁻¹) on the mid–outer ECS shelf has occurred regularly since the 1950s, substantially earlier than previously reported observations, which mainly documented its occurrence after the early 2000s. Oxygen depletion recurs from summer to autumn, with oxygen stress shifting from the inner shelf in late summer toward the mid–outer shelf along the 50–100 m isobaths in autumn. A significant decline in bottom DO is detected over the mid–outer shelf during 1960–1999 and is accompanied by increasing apparent oxygen utilization (AOU). By combining AOU diagnostics with a three-endmember mixing model, oxygen deficits are partitioned into locally generated consumption and remotely advected components. The results indicate that local remineralization dominates oxygen consumption, while the intrusion of oxygen-poor Kuroshio Subsurface Water reduces the background oxygen inventory and modulates the intensity of seasonal depletion. These findings reveal that oxygen depletion on the ECS shelf has a longer history and broader spatial extent than previously recognized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 103770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148168485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Impact of multiple drivers on benthic macrofauna trophic position, functional diversity and ecological memory – analysis of 40 years data using a complex model hierarchy” [Prog. Oceanogr. 239 (2025) 103561]","authors":"Joachim W. Dippner ,&nbsp;Ana Fernández Carrera ,&nbsp;Ingrid Kröncke ,&nbsp;Iris Liskow ,&nbsp;Natalie Loick–Wilde ,&nbsp;Maren Voss","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 103768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148231515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of mesoscale eddies on Indonesian throughflow dynamics in the Sulawesi Sea simulated in an ocean general circulation model","authors":"Fuad Azminuddin ,&nbsp;Adi Purwandana ,&nbsp;Aloysius Bagyo Widagdo ,&nbsp;Mardi Wibowo ,&nbsp;Raden Dwi Susanto","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sulawesi Sea is the key entrance of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), connecting the western Pacific Ocean to the Indonesian seas. Mesoscale eddies are frequently observed in this semi-enclosed basin; however their interaction with the ITF remains largely unexplored. Using a high-resolution ocean reanalysis for the period 1993–2020, this study examines the distribution, variability, and influence of mesoscale eddies on ITF circulation in the Sulawesi Sea.</div><div>The basin circulation is characterized by ITF from the Pacific toward the Makassar Strait, with two secondary pathways: the Sulu-to-Sulawesi Sea inflow (SSI) and the Sulawesi-Maluku Sea exchange flow (SME). We identified three quasi-persistent mesoscale eddies: an anticyclonic eddy in the northern basin (NSAE) and two cyclonic eddies in the southwestern (WSCE) and southeastern (ESCE) regions. WSCE exhibits the most persistent occurrence (60%), whereas ESCE has the largest mean length scale (∼118 km).</div><div>Cyclonic eddies intensify during weakened ITF and enhanced SSI and SME, whereas anticyclonic variability is closely associated with strong ITF inflow. Composite and lagged analyses indicate that cyclonic eddies recirculate and divert a portion of ITF waters toward the Maluku Sea, thereby reducing effective throughflow to the Makassar Strait. Seasonally, ITF strengthens in boreal summer and weakens in early winter, opposite to eddy activity, while interannually, ITF transport is enhanced (reduced) during La Niña (El Niño), resulting in suppressed (enhanced) eddy energy. The findings highlight a two-way interaction between mesoscale eddies and the ITF, emphasizing the critical role of local eddy dynamics in regulating ITF pathways at this Indo-Pacific gateway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 103769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148168486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submesoscale dynamics in the Baltic Sea – a review","authors":"Urmas Lips ,&nbsp;Kai Salm ,&nbsp;Germo Väli ,&nbsp;Taavi Liblik ,&nbsp;Lars Arneborg ,&nbsp;Louise C. Biddle ,&nbsp;Anna I. Bulczak ,&nbsp;Evridiki Chrysagi ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Falarz ,&nbsp;Peter Holtermann ,&nbsp;Jaromir Jakacki ,&nbsp;H. E. Markus Meier ,&nbsp;Martin Mohrmann ,&nbsp;Kai Myrberg ,&nbsp;Per Pemberton ,&nbsp;Lars Umlauf","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive literature review of the current state of knowledge on submesoscale (SMS) dynamics in the Baltic Sea, with potential implications for other similar coastal and marginal seas. Relevant spatial and temporal scales in the Baltic Sea, as well as idealized quantitative descriptions of SMS instabilities, are presented. The methods for studying SMS processes are described, and the availability of the required research infrastructure and relevant data is discussed. The knowledge on SMS processes and their role in coastal-offshore exchanges, vertical and horizontal mixing, and the development of stratification in the Baltic Sea is reviewed and compared with studies in other regions. Processes at adjacent scales and their links to SMS dynamics, including mesoscale features such as upwelling events, fronts, and baroclinic currents in geostrophic balance, as well as small-scale turbulence, are described. This analysis demonstrates that SMS processes may substantially influence large-scale dynamics of the Baltic Sea, challenging the classical understanding of energy transfer across spatial scales that omits instabilities and feedback loops in the SMS range. The review suggests that SMS processes play a role in the biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea by providing vertical fluxes of substances and redistributing plankton biomass. We emphasize that extensive model validation with high-resolution in-situ data remains an urgent task, and a more accurate description of SMS processes in sub-grid parameterizations within large-scale models is necessary. Gaps in knowledge of SMS dynamics and potential further steps to address them are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 103746"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poleward migration of oceanic surface eddy heat flux in the Southern Ocean observed over the past three decades","authors":"Ruiyi Chen,&nbsp;Yiyong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The meridional eddy heat flux (EHF) in the Southern Ocean plays a critical role in the heat balance of the subpolar regions as well as in the melting and refreezing of sea ice and ice sheets around Antarctica. Recently, an increasing trend in the EHF of the Southern Ocean has been observed during the period of satellite altimetry. However, it remains unclear whether a significant change in the meridional location of the EHF has also emerged in the observations. Using satellite data from 1993 to 2022, this study finds a poleward migration trend in the EHF in key dynamical regions of the Southern Ocean, including the Western Boundary Current systems and much of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The most significant migration occurs in the Agulhas Return Current and the Atlantic sector of the ACC, at rates of 0.50° and 0.54° per decade, respectively. Further analysis reveals that the poleward migration of the EHF is primarily driven by eddy movement, with additional contributions from sea surface temperature front movement in regions unconstrained by bottom topography. These findings suggest that heat has been transported more easily from the subtropical to the subpolar regions of the Southern Ocean over the past three decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 103749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zooplankton functional and taxonomic diversity: Linking functional traits and springtime environmental gradients at the Patagonian shelf-break front","authors":"Ayelén Severo ,&nbsp;Érica Caroline Becker ,&nbsp;Eduardo Marcelo Acha ,&nbsp;Valeria Segura ,&nbsp;Georgina Daniela Cepeda","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zooplankton is a key component in energy transfer within marine ecosystems. We combined taxonomic and functional diversity approaches to characterize the spatial patterns of zooplankton at the Patagonian shelf-break front (PSBF), using functional groups (FGs) and diversity indices to assess the relationships between functional traits and environmental gradients. Four assemblages were identified: the outer shelf (OS), the PSBF, the upper Malvinas waters (UMW), and the deeper Malvinas waters (DMW), each defined by indicator taxa. Some species shared functional traits but inhabit distinct environmental conditions, highlighting the importance of taxonomic identity in delineating assemblages. Functional diversity increased offshore, associated with the higher salinity of the Malvinas Current and the presence of carnivores and omnivores (FG C), detritivores (FG B), and herbivores (FG A) in the PSBF, UMW, and DMW. These assemblages exhibited broader functional space than the OS, which was dominated by functionally similar herbivores and omnivores from FG A. Trade-offs between growth, reproduction, and survival would define distinct ecological strategies driven by particular combinations of functional traits: herbivorous broadcasters in the upper layers maximize energy acquisition under high food availability, while detritivorous and carnivorous sac-spawners in deeper layers adopt strategies that would balance the cost of lower food density with reduced predation risk. These life-history compromises revealed a depth-related partitioning of functional roles, suggesting enhanced energy transfer and a significant contribution to vertical carbon export and sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 103728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147587771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chance encounter: New Spinularia Gray, 1867 from abyssal depths of the Aleutian Trench (Bering Sea) leads to the proposal of new family, Spinulariidae fam nov","authors":"A. Santín ,&nbsp;F.I. Theising ,&nbsp;D. Despujols ,&nbsp;A. Brandt","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep-sea sponge research has historically been biased towards the largest, most conspicuous species, while small and inconspicuous forms have received considerably less attention. Moreover, these small sponges were often regarded just as immature or initial growth stages of the formers. However, recent studies have demonstrated that many of these miniaturized forms are, in fact, fully developed, distinct species, worthy of detailed investigation. Through integrative taxonomy, and building upon newly collected material and prior research conducted over the past decade, a new family, Spinulariidae fam. nov., is here proposed within the order Polymastiida in order to encompass deep-sea polymastiid genera lacking a secondary layer of tangential megascleres in their cortex. This new family, built on <em>Spinularia</em> <span><span>Gray, 1867</span></span>, is also supported by all phylogenetic analyses, with additional molecular and/or morphological evidence supporting the inclusion of <em>Radiella</em> <span><span>Schmidt, 1870</span></span>, <em>Atergia</em> <span><span>Stephens, 1915</span></span>, <em>Tylexocladus</em> <span><span>Topsent, 1898</span></span>, <em>Astrotylus</em> <span><span>Plotkin &amp; Janussen, 2007</span></span>, <em>Acanthopolymastia</em> <span><span>Kelly-Borges &amp; Bergquist, 1997</span></span>, <em>Pseudotrachya</em> Hallmann, 1914 and <em>Tentorium</em> Vosmaer, 1887 into the family. Still, the boundaries among these genera remain uncertain, as all exhibit high levels of polyphyly across all the molecular markers analysed. Most of these genera are currently distinguished by the presence or absence of particular microscleres, yet these traits appear to be homoplastic and lack diagnostic value above the species level. Therefore, until further data arises it is also proposed here to synonymize <em>Radiella</em>, <em>Atergia</em>, <em>Tylexocladus</em> and <em>Astrotylus</em> with <em>Spinularia</em>, but keeping them as subgenera. This study highlights the importance of giving taxonomic attention to small inconspicuous specimens, which despite being challenging and time-consuming to study, can hold significant evolutionary and systematic insights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 103699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upwelling events, depth varying succession of phytoplankton assemblages and vertical connectivity: A conceptual model","authors":"Esther Velasco-Senovilla ,&nbsp;Beatriz Reguera ,&nbsp;Isabel Ramilo ,&nbsp;Gerardo Casas ,&nbsp;Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido ,&nbsp;Enrique Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytoplankton succession in temperate upwelling bays is subject to intermittent wind-driven events. Improved understanding of the phytoplankton response to these environmental disruptions is needed for prediction and modelling affecting coastal ecosystem services. Here we perform a depth-resolved analyses of phytoplankton assemblages and succession with fifteen months (March 2017 − May 2018) weekly data collected at a reference station in Ría de Vigo. Analyses by depth revealed co-occurrence of different assemblages and successional patterns in response to upwelling-driven changes in water column structure and an “emerging functional group” of potential Diatom-Diazotroph Associations (DDA). These assemblages include species with distinct traits but sharing strategies favouring persistence during upwelling-downwelling cycles at seasonal and subseasonal scales. A simplified plot of succession of strategies (C, S, R, and a new “winter stress tolerant”, WS) in a seasonal (X axis) and event-scale (Y) template illustrates the complexity of overlapped adaptive strategies operating at different scales. Interactions between upwelling circulation and species behaviour help to explain reset succession after each event and the selection of characteristic species for each assemblage. The apparent vertical connectivity, through entrainment/detrainment of species between depth layers, leads to propose a role of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCML), located at the base of the pycnocline, as a “pelagic seed bank” and hub of phytoplankton species. Results and conceptual models here advance knowledge on phytoplankton succession and may be useful for early warning and operational models designed to protect extensive fish (cages) and shellfish (rafts and suspended long-lines) aquaculture in highly productive upwelling bays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 103704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147359982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}