Progress in Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"First characterization of upper mesophotic coral assemblages in Santo Antão (Cabo Verde, East Atlantic Ocean): Demographic and community approaches provide baseline ecological data","authors":"Daniel Gómez-Gras ,&nbsp;Núria Viladrich ,&nbsp;Andrea Gori ,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Ledoux ,&nbsp;Paula Jiménez ,&nbsp;Teresa Amaro ,&nbsp;Cristina Linares","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preserving healthy marine ecosystems is crucial for human societies, especially in resource-dependent locations like Santo Antão, the most northwestern island of Cabo Verde (East Atlantic Ocean). However, effective conservation requires baseline ecological knowledge on target ecosystems, which is often lacking. This study provides the first ecological characterization of upper mesophotic coral assemblages (i.e., at depths of 30–40 m) in Santo Antão. We focused on density, size structure, and conservation status of canopy-forming coral species in two assemblages types: i) a mixed coral assemblage dominated by black corals (e.g., <em>Stichopathes luetkeni;</em> Brook, 1889<em>, Tanacetipathes spinescens;</em> Gray, 1857, or <em>Tanacetipathes wirtzi;</em> Opresko, 2001) and gorgonians (e.g., <em>Leptogorgia capverdensis;</em> Grasshoff, 1986, <em>Leptogorgia gaini;</em> Stiasny, 1940, <em>Eunicella granulata</em>; Grasshoff, 1992<em>,</em> or <em>Eunicella papillifera;</em> Milne Edwards &amp; Haime, 1857), and ii) monospecific black coral assemblages dominated by <em>Antipathella wollastoni</em> (Gray, 1857) and <em>T. spinescens</em>, respectively. Additionally, we used a trait-based approach to characterize the functional community structure of the mixed assemblage and quantified the abundance of its main morpho-functional groups. Our results show that these assemblages are structurally complex, functionally diverse, and well-preserved. Notably, they harbor some of the densest black coral populations reported to date, with mean densities exceeding 20 colonies/m² for some species. This suggest that the studied assemblages provide important ecosystem services to local communities, such as increasing fish biomass for artisanal fishing and enhancing aesthetic value for a sustainable diving tourism. However, further surveys at other sites are needed to assess the generalizability of these findings and support future conservation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 103432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation in marine plankton communities driven by environmental changes in the East China sea","authors":"Chia-Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Pei-Chi Ho ,&nbsp;Fan-Sian Lin ,&nbsp;Esther Wong ,&nbsp;Fuh-Kwo Shiah ,&nbsp;Gwo-Ching Gong ,&nbsp;Chih-hao Hsieh","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unicellular plankton are the foundation of marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. This study analyzed long-term observations (2009–2021) of the taxonomic composition and size structure of nano- to microplankton in the East China Sea to assess the impact of environmental changes on these communities. Over the past decade, aloricate ciliate and chain-forming diatom abundances have declined, likely due to rising sea surface temperatures and decreasing concentrations of phosphate, nitrate, and silicate. Sea surface concentrations of these nutrients and dinoflagellate biomass were positively correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, while the diatom-to-dinoflagellate ratio decreased as the PDO index increased. These findings reveal the large-scale climatic drivers of nutrient dynamics and plankton composition. The normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS) slope was shallower in areas with higher salinities, diatom and ciliate biomasses, and diatom-to-dinoflagellate ratios, and it was steeper in areas with higher nutrient concentrations. The NBSS slopes were steeper (i.e. more smaller organisms) during winters with high nutrient concentrations, likely due to reduced light availability from high turbidity and increased grazing pressure. The 2017 summer cruise identified three spatial clusters of plankton communities that were influenced by different water masses. Cluster 1, influenced by the China Coastal Current, was dominated by athecate dinoflagellates. Clusters 2 and 3, influenced by the Taiwan Warm Current and Kuroshio Current, respectively, were dominated by diatoms. This study highlights the importance of long-term monitoring and comprehensive analyses to better understand how plankton communities will respond to climate change and anthropogenic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 103434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-regional characterization of the variability in the Indonesian Seas","authors":"Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Huijie Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Indonesian Seas feature a wide spectrum of variations in hydrography and circulation. This study applies a simple frequency-based time series decomposition method on the 20-year (2000–2019) model simulation, revealing the spatial distribution of the variations in intra-seasonal, semi-annual, annual, and inter-annual bands, respectively. K-means clustering based on the decomposed variability is used to explore dynamical similarities and differences, highlighting the competing impacts of annual and inter-annual variations. The Indonesian Seas lie at a “crossroad” where the inter-annual variation dominates in a NE-SW-oriented deep-ocean regime, while the annual variation prevails in a NW-SE-oriented marginal sea regime. The latter is primarily driven by the local monsoonal winds. Moreover, annual current profiles reveal significant differences between the main and east branches of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), with annual variations being more prominent above (below) the thermocline in the main (east) branch. Overall, ITF variability is influenced by remote inter-annual factors, regional monsoonal forces, and local flow instabilities, with the semi-annual variations being minor but non-trivial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 103436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton diversity and zooplankton diet across Fram Strait: Spatial patterns with implications for the future Arctic Ocean","authors":"Patricia Kaiser ,&nbsp;Wilhelm Hagen ,&nbsp;Anna Schukat ,&nbsp;Katja Metfies ,&nbsp;Johanna Biederbick ,&nbsp;Sabrina Dorschner ,&nbsp;Holger Auel","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid transformations in the European sector of the Arctic Ocean, characterized by a pronounced increase in Atlantic water inflow and a decline in sea ice, are reshaping the trophic structures within this ecosystem. This study investigates the effects of such environmental changes on the planktonic trophodynamics in Fram Strait, focusing on the comparison between Arctic and Atlantic influenced regions. Utilizing a combination of fatty acid and stable isotope biomarker analyses, we analyze the dietary composition and trophic levels of key zooplankton species, including Arctic and boreal-Atlantic sister species of <em>Calanus</em>, <em>Paraeuchaeta</em> and <em>Themisto</em>. The findings reveal significant differences in the dietary structures between the different areas in Fram Strait. In the Arctic region, the diet of zooplankton species is primarily influenced by diatoms, as indicated by the dominance of diatom-specific fatty acid trophic markers. Conversely, the Atlantic region exhibits a different dietary pattern, pointing to a reduced influence of diatoms and increased importance of (dino-)flagellates for <em>Calanus</em> spp., as well as a higher degree of carnivory in higher trophic levels. Moreover, the comparison of sister species unveils a distinct overlap in dietary niches between congeners of <em>Calanus</em> and <em>Paraeuchaeta</em>, highlighting the increasing potential for competitive interactions as Atlantification progresses. These results underscore the complex relationships within Arctic food webs and the profound impact of environmental changes on trophodynamics. They also emphasize the importance of considering physiological adaptability, life history traits and ecological interactions in predicting the future of Arctic marine ecosystems amidst ongoing climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 103423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field observations of internal waves triggered sediment movements at the northern South China Sea continental slope","authors":"Gaibo Zhao ,&nbsp;Changwei Bian ,&nbsp;Wensheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Liu ,&nbsp;Jiwei Tian ,&nbsp;Yonggang Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internal ocean waves, such as internal tides and internal solitary waves (ISWs), have strong horizontal and vertical velocities and play an important role in ocean energy and material exchange. Field observations indicated that internal waves had a significant effect on hydrodynamics and sediment transport on the continental shelf. However, there remained a lack of field observations on how internal waves affect sediment transport on continental slopes. In this study, a seabed observation system was set up on the continental slope of the South China Sea for 13 days, which measured the high spatiotemporal resolution velocity and mixing of the internal tides and ISWs and sediment movements in the bottom boundary layer. The results showed that the internal tides and ISWs caused strong flows of more than 0.20 m/s near the seabed of the slope, which was much higher than the local sub-inertial currents (0.03 m/s) and barotropic tides (0.03 m/s). The velocity enhancement caused by internal tides and ISWs increased the bottom shear stress from 0.01 to 0.08 Pa. When the internal tidal velocity increased, the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) increased substantially from 5 mg/L to more than 40 mg/L. When the strongest ISWs passed through the observation site, the SSC increased several times, reaching 19 mg/L. Both internal tides and ISWs agitated seabed sediment and transported it downwards along the slope with sediment transport flux of 0.26 × 10^-3 and 0.08 × 10^-3 kg m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 103412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community structure of fish larvae associated with advections of the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters","authors":"Toru Kobari ,&nbsp;Yusuke Manako ,&nbsp;Airi Hara ,&nbsp;Kaori Yamanoue ,&nbsp;Takafumi Azuma ,&nbsp;Ryuji Fukuda ,&nbsp;Yi-Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Masafumi Kodama ,&nbsp;Gen Kume","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kuroshio has been long thought to be disadvantageous as nursery grounds for larval fishes due to the low plankton standing stocks under the oligotrophic conditions. Despite of the potential risk for survival and growth, early life stages of various fishes appear abundantly in the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters. Here, we report what kind of taxonomic groups establish community structure of larval fishes in the Continental shelf waters (CW) and the Kuroshio (KW). 16 orders and 78 families were classified in the present study. Mesopelagic fishes more abundantly appeared in the KW than in the CW, while larval fish abundance was not different between the two areas. Multivariate analysis demonstrated the regional difference of the taxonomic compositions, represented by Callionymidae, Bothidae, Labridae and Bregmacerotidae for the CW and Gonostomatidae, Myctophidae and Notosudidae for the KW. Abundance of fish larvae to ambient salinity exhibited significantly positive correlations for Gonostomatidae, <em>Sigmops gracilis</em> and <em>Myctophum orientale</em> predominated in the KW and negative correlations for Labridae appeared abundantly in the CW. These results suggest that mixture of advected specimens from the coastal and Kuroshio waters also contribute to larval fish community with high biodiversity and comparable abundance between the Kuroshio and its neighboring waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 103386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decade-long flow reversal in the intergyre region of the eastern north Atlantic","authors":"César González-Pola ,&nbsp;Raquel Somavilla ,&nbsp;Rocío Graña ,&nbsp;Amaia Viloria ,&nbsp;Laura Ibáñez-Tejero","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two hydrographical shifts observed within the last two decades around north/northwestern Iberia, in the mid-latitudes of the eastern North Atlantic, reveal a contrasting behaviour of the weakly circulating reservoir known as the intergyre region. In 2005, a strong winter mixing caused an abrupt salinity increase at mid-depths corresponding to East North Atlantic Central Waters core levels (300–500 m), thus transforming this water mass into a saltier/denser variety. Such shift altered spatial density fields on a broader scale, causing this region classically described as flowing southwards and feeding the subtropical gyre to experience a lasting flow reversal. The reversal brought the region into milder and saltier southern-like conditions and weakened the strength of upwelling in southern Biscay. In 2014, freshening and cooling was observed for the first time since the early 1990s, a process enhanced in the following years accompanied by the restoration of southwards flow and southern Biscay upwelling conditions previously known. The decade-long reversal flow stage meant a temporal boost of ongoing meridionalisation trends attributed to climate change affecting ecosystems, while subsequent recovery to traditional circulation brought the region back to a classical more boreal character. We discuss the uniqueness or possible recurrence on larger timescales of this singular reversed mode circulation event.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 103406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of simulated ocean ecosystem indicators by biogeochemical observations","authors":"S. Ciavatta ,&nbsp;P. Lazzari ,&nbsp;E. Álvarez ,&nbsp;L. Bertino ,&nbsp;K. Bolding ,&nbsp;J. Bruggeman ,&nbsp;A. Capet ,&nbsp;G. Cossarini ,&nbsp;F. Daryabor ,&nbsp;L. Nerger ,&nbsp;M. Popov ,&nbsp;J. Skákala ,&nbsp;S. Spada ,&nbsp;A. Teruzzi ,&nbsp;T. Wakamatsu ,&nbsp;V.Ç. Yumruktepe ,&nbsp;P. Brasseur","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To protect marine ecosystems threatened by climate change and anthropic stressors, it is essential to operationally monitor ocean health indicators. These are metrics synthetizing multiple marine processes relevant to the users of operational services. In this study, we assess whether selected ocean indicators simulated by operational models can be effectively constrained (i.e., controlled) by biogeochemical observations, by using a newly proposed methodological framework. The method consists in firstly screening the sensitivities of the indicators with respect to the initial conditions of the observable variables. These initial conditions are perturbed stochastically in Monte Carlo simulations of one-dimensional configurations of a multi-model ensemble. Then, the models are applied in three-dimensional ensemble assimilation experiments, where the reduction of the ensemble variance corroborates the controllability of the indicators by the observations. The method is applied to ten relevant ecosystem indicators (ranging from inorganic chemicals to plankton production), seven observation types (representing data from satellite and underwater platforms), and an ensemble of five biogeochemical models of different complexity, employed operationally by the European Copernicus Marine Service. Our results demonstrate that all the indicators are controlled by one or more types of observations. In particular, the indicators of phytoplankton phenology are controlled and improved by merged observations of surface ocean colour and chlorophyll profiles. Similar observations also control and reduce the uncertainty of the plankton community structure and production. However, we observe that the uncertainty of trophic efficiency and particulate organic carbon (POC) increases when chlorophyll-a data are assimilated. This may reflect reduced model skill, though the unavailability of relevant observations prevents a conclusive assessment. We recommend that the controllability assessment proposed here becomes a standard practice in the design of operational monitoring, reanalysis, and forecast systems. Such standardization would provide users of operational services with more accurate and precise estimates of ocean ecosystem indicators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 103384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observing ENSO-modulated tides from space","authors":"Haidong Pan ,&nbsp;Tengfei Xu ,&nbsp;Zexun Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The understanding of sea level variability is fundamental for coastal communities with high population density. As important parts of sea levels, tides are often overlooked because they tend to be regarded as simple periodic oscillations by numerous studies. In fact, due to the interference of various non-astronomical factors, observed tides are non-stationary and display multi-time scale variability. Here, we focus on inter-annual tidal variations induced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the western Pacific. Although satellite altimeters have been widely used in tidal research, to date, inter-annual tidal changes from satellite altimeters are never reported. Classical harmonic analysis (CHA) model with moving windows is inappropriate for satellite altimeter records due to tidal aliasing originated from long-period sampling intervals. In this paper, we successfully quantify the influences of ENSO on tides from multi-satellite altimeters through a revised harmonic analysis (RHA) model which directly builds ENSO forcing into the basic functions of CHA. To eliminate mathematical artifacts caused by over-fitting, Lasso regularization is applied in the RHA model to replace widely-used ordinary least squares. The performances of RHA are generally better than those of CHA as a result of considering the impacts of ENSO. The combination of RHA and satellite altimeters extends the studies on tidal evolution using spatially limited tide gauges. Compared to diurnal tides, it is found that semi-diurnal tides are more vulnerable to ENSO in the western Pacific. Of note, both linear and non-linear tidal responses to ENSO show significant spatial heterogeneity. Moreover, as a universal method, ENSO index used in this study can be replaced by other factors such as river flow and sea waves to explore tidal evolution driven by other physical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 103410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal changes in the macrozooplankton community in the eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summers: A comparison between 1996 and 2018–2019","authors":"Ippei Urabe ,&nbsp;Kohei Matsuno ,&nbsp;Rikuto Sugioka ,&nbsp;Ryan Driscoll ,&nbsp;Sara Driscoll ,&nbsp;Fokje L. Schaafsma ,&nbsp;Atsushi Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Ryuichi Matsukura ,&nbsp;Hiroko Sasaki ,&nbsp;Hiroto Murase","doi":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pocean.2025.103414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several large-scale studies have examined the spatial and temporal (seasonal and interannual) variability in macrozooplankton communities in the eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. In this study, variability in these communities was analyzed using samples collected by the RMT8 during the KY1804 survey, conducted between 80° and 150° E during the austral summer of 2018–2019. Furthermore, these findings were compared with those of the BROKE survey conducted in 1996. Using cluster analysis, the macrozooplankton community was divided into six groups. In both surveys, the zooplankton communities varied between the southern and northern stations of the sampling areas, though their distribution patterns differed between the two years. During the KY1804 survey, <em>Thysanoessa macrura</em> was more prevalent in the western region, while <em>Themisto gaudichaudii</em> and chaetognaths were more abundant in the eastern region; <em>Salpa thompsoni</em> dominated in the eastern region during the BROKE survey. Water temperature had the strongest influence on the macrozooplankton community during the KY1804 survey, whereas salinity was the primary influencing factor during the BROKE survey. This difference may largely reflect differences in sampling timing and latitudinal coverage, though a southward shift in the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current between the surveys may also have contributed. Hydrographic changes over the two decades between 1996 and 2019 likely affected the macrozooplankton community in this region, though differences in spatial and temporal survey coverage complicate interpretation of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20620,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Oceanography","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 103414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}