Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences最新文献_第6页

Parallel genetic adaptation amid a background of changing effective population sizes in divergent yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations. 在有效种群数量不断变化的背景下，黄鲈（Perca flavescens）种群的遗传适应发生了分化。

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.2339

Xiaoshen Yin, Claire E Schraidt, Morgan M Sparks, Peter T Euclide, Tyler J Hoyt, Carl R Ruetz Iii, Tomas O Höök, Mark R Christie

{"title":"Parallel genetic adaptation amid a background of changing effective population sizes in divergent yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations.","authors":"Xiaoshen Yin, Claire E Schraidt, Morgan M Sparks, Peter T Euclide, Tyler J Hoyt, Carl R Ruetz Iii, Tomas O Höök, Mark R Christie","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2339","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2339","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic ecosystems are highly dynamic environments vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. High-economic-value fisheries are one of many ecosystem services affected by these disturbances, and it is critical to accurately characterize the genetic diversity and effective population sizes of valuable fish stocks through time. We used genome-wide data to reconstruct the demographic histories of economically important yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations. In two isolated and genetically divergent populations, we provide independent evidence for simultaneous increases in effective population sizes over both historic and contemporary time scales including negative genome-wide estimates of Tajima's D, 3.1 times more single nucleotide polymorphisms than adjacent populations, and contemporary effective population sizes that have increased 10- and 47-fold from their minimum, respectively. The excess of segregating sites and negative Tajima's D values probably arose from mutations accompanying historic population expansions with insufficient time for purifying selection, whereas linkage disequilibrium-based estimates of Ne also suggest contemporary increases that may have been driven by reduced fishing pressure or environmental remediation. We also identified parallel, genetic adaptation to reduced visual clarity in the same two habitats. These results suggest that the synchrony of key ecological and evolutionary processes can drive parallel demographic and evolutionary trajectories across independent populations.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2038","pages":"20242339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The smallest Zosterophyllum plant from the Lower Devonian of South China and the divergent life-history strategies in zosterophyllopsids. 华南下泥盆世最小的植虫门植物及其不同生活史策略。

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.2337

Pu Huang, Jia-Shu Wang, Yi-Ling Wang, Lu Liu, Jing-Yu Zhao, Jin-Zhuang Xue

{"title":"The smallest Zosterophyllum plant from the Lower Devonian of South China and the divergent life-history strategies in zosterophyllopsids.","authors":"Pu Huang, Jia-Shu Wang, Yi-Ling Wang, Lu Liu, Jing-Yu Zhao, Jin-Zhuang Xue","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2337","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2337","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have evolved different life-history strategies to overcome limited amounts of available resources; however, when and how divergent strategies of sexual reproduction evolved in early land plants are not well understood. As one of the notable and vital components of early terrestrial vegetation, the Zosterophyllopsida and its type genus Zosterophyllum reached maximum species diversity during the Pragian (Early Devonian; ca 410.8-407.6 million years ago). Here we describe a new species, Zosterophyllum baoyangense sp. nov., based on well-preserved specimens from the Pragian-aged Mangshan Group of Duyun, Guizhou Province, China. The new plant is characterized by its small size, K-shaped branching and tiny spikes with 5-10 sporangia. This plant is most likely r-selected, completing its whole lifespan in a short time, and such a strategy contributes to reproduction in a suitable window time. In contrast, most other species of Zosterophyllum and the zosterophyllopsids on a broader scale are larger in body size and have greater investments in fertile tissues, reflected in the size and total number of sporangia. We argue that the zosterophyllopsids probably benefited from the divergence of various life-history strategies and thus constituted a major part of the Early Devonian floras.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2038","pages":"20242337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Submarine groundwater discharge drives both direct and indirect effects on organismal and community metabolism on coral reefs. 海底地下水排放对珊瑚礁的生物和群落代谢有直接和间接的影响。

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1554

Danielle M Barnas, Maya Zeff, Nyssa J Silbiger

{"title":"Submarine groundwater discharge drives both direct and indirect effects on organismal and community metabolism on coral reefs.","authors":"Danielle M Barnas, Maya Zeff, Nyssa J Silbiger","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1554","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1554","url":null,"abstract":"Coral reefs experience numerous environmental gradients affecting organismal physiology and species biodiversity, which ultimately impact community metabolism. This study shows that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a common natural environmental gradient in coastal ecosystems associated with decreasing temperatures, salinity and pH with increasing nutrients, has both direct and indirect effects on coral reef community metabolism by altering individual growth rates and community composition. Our data revealed that SGD exposure hindered the growth of two algae, Halimeda opuntia and Valonia fastigiata, by 67 and 200%, respectively, and one coral, Porites rus, by 20%. Community metabolic rates showed altered community production, respiration and calcification between naturally high and low exposure areas mostly due to differences in community identity (i.e. species composition), rather than a direct effect of SGD on physiology. Production and calcification were 1.5 and 6.5 times lower in assemblages representing high SGD communities regardless of environment. However, the compounding effect of community identity and SGD exposure on respiration resulted in the low SGD community exhibiting the highest respiration rates under higher SGD exposure. By demonstrating SGD's role in altering community composition and metabolism, this research highlights the critical need to consider compounding environmental gradients (i.e. nutrients, salinity and temperature) in the broader context of ecosystem functions.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20241554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Continuous colonization of the Atlantic coastal rain forests of South America from Amazônia. 从Amazônia开始对南美洲大西洋沿岸雨林的持续殖民。

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1559

James A Nicholls, Jens J Ringelberg, Kyle G Dexter, Oriane Loiseau, Graham N Stone, Phyllis D Coley, Colin E Hughes, Thomas A Kursar, Erik J M Koenen, Flávia Garcia, Maristerra R Lemes, Danilo R M Neves, María José Endara, Haroldo C de Lima, Catherine A Kidner, R Toby Pennington

{"title":"Continuous colonization of the Atlantic coastal rain forests of South America from Amazônia.","authors":"James A Nicholls, Jens J Ringelberg, Kyle G Dexter, Oriane Loiseau, Graham N Stone, Phyllis D Coley, Colin E Hughes, Thomas A Kursar, Erik J M Koenen, Flávia Garcia, Maristerra R Lemes, Danilo R M Neves, María José Endara, Haroldo C de Lima, Catherine A Kidner, R Toby Pennington","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1559","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1559","url":null,"abstract":"The two main extensions of rain forest in South America are the Amazon (Amazônia) and the Atlantic rain forest (Mata Atlântica), which are separated by a wide 'dry diagonal' of seasonal vegetation. We used the species-rich tree genus Inga to test if Amazônia-Mata Atlântica dispersals have been clustered during specific time periods corresponding to past, humid climates. We performed hybrid capture DNA sequencing of 810 nuclear loci for 453 accessions representing 164 species that included 62% of Mata Atlântica species and estimated a dated phylogeny for all accessions using maximum likelihood, and a species-level tree using coalescent methods. There have been 16-20 dispersal events to the Mata Atlântica from Amazônia with only one or two dispersals in the reverse direction. These events have occurred over the evolutionary history of Inga, with no evidence for temporal clustering, and model comparisons of alternative biogeographic histories and null simulations showing the timing of dispersal events matches a random expectation. Time-specific biogeographic corridors are not required to explain dispersal between Amazônia and the Mata Atlântica for rain forest trees such as Inga, which are likely to have used a dendritic net of gallery forests to cross the dry diagonal.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20241559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Delayed post-juvenile moult in malaria-infected Eurasian blackcaps. 疟疾感染的欧亚黑头莺幼后换毛延迟。

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.2941

Carolina Remacha, Iván de la Hera, Álvaro Ramírez, Javier Pérez-Tris

{"title":"Delayed post-juvenile moult in malaria-infected Eurasian blackcaps.","authors":"Carolina Remacha, Iván de la Hera, Álvaro Ramírez, Javier Pérez-Tris","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2941","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2941","url":null,"abstract":"Parasites have their strongest impact on fitness when host defences deplete resources needed for other critical life-history stages, such as development, breeding or migration. Among birds, one greatly neglected stage that could be altered by parasites is post-juvenile moult (PJM), through which yearling juvenile birds replace their fast-generated, low-quality juvenile feathers with adult-like feathers after leaving the nest. The earlier the birds complete PJM, the earlier they will be prepared to withstand forthcoming challenges, such as adverse winter conditions or migration. We used data from 435 juvenile Eurasian blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) sampled during three years in 26 localities spanning the wide range of environmental conditions across Iberian Spain to test whether haemosporidian infections (presence and abundance in blood of parasites of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon) were related to the progress of PJM. Controlling for body condition, sex, year and date of capture, infected blackcaps (single-infected or co-infected) had lower moult scores indicative of delayed moult, especially when birds had Plasmodium infections or high intensities of Haemoproteus parasites. Our results broaden the range of fitness costs that haemosporidian parasites may have on birds, as delayed post-juvenile plumage acquisition can impact subsequent key life-history stages.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20242941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of exploration and exploitation in primate communication. 探索和开发在灵长类动物交流中的作用。

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1665

Marlen Fröhlich, Cedric Boeckx, Claudio Tennie

{"title":"The role of exploration and exploitation in primate communication.","authors":"Marlen Fröhlich, Cedric Boeckx, Claudio Tennie","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1665","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1665","url":null,"abstract":"The concepts of social learning and exploration have been central to debates in comparative cognition research. While their roles in the origins of human cumulative culture on the one hand and creativity on the other have been highlighted, the two concepts have mostly been studied separately. In this article, we examine the relationship between adopting similar or different behaviours within a group, focusing on how exploration and exploitation shape primate communication systems. Using a comparative approach, we discuss how similarity and differentiation of communicative behaviour can be viewed as two endpoints on a continuum, impacting both individual- and group-level behavioural variation. While group-level variation is evident in some ape behaviours (e.g. foraging traditions), individual variation in communicative behaviour appears to outweigh group-level differences, making a widespread communicative culture in apes unlikely. Drawing parallels to language acquisition in human infants, we propose that ape communication follows an exploration-exploitation trajectory, with initial exploration gradually giving way to focused exploitation of genetically predisposed and/or individually developed communicative repertoires. By integrating the individual and social learning processes underlying communicative behaviour, we can gain a deeper understanding of how exploration-exploitation tensions shape communication systems across species.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20241665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scaling of shoot and root respiration of woody and herbaceous plants.

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1910

Yoko Kurosawa, Shigeta Mori, Juan P Ferrio, Tomohiro Nishizono, Oxana V Masyagina, Keiko Yamaji, Kohei Koyama, Toshikatsu Haruma, Kohei Doyama, Tomoki Hoshino, Hideki Murayama, Mitsuharu Yagi, Masayuki Yokozawa, Shingo Tomiyama

{"title":"Scaling of shoot and root respiration of woody and herbaceous plants.","authors":"Yoko Kurosawa, Shigeta Mori, Juan P Ferrio, Tomohiro Nishizono, Oxana V Masyagina, Keiko Yamaji, Kohei Koyama, Toshikatsu Haruma, Kohei Doyama, Tomoki Hoshino, Hideki Murayama, Mitsuharu Yagi, Masayuki Yokozawa, Shingo Tomiyama","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1910","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1910","url":null,"abstract":"Woody and herbaceous plants are the main components of global terrestrial ecosystems, and their growth, adaptation and survival depend largely on the metabolism of shoots and roots. Therefore, understanding size-scaling of metabolic rates in woody and herbaceous plants, and in shoots and roots, is a fundamental issue in ecology. However, few empirical studies have examined metabolic scaling exponents across a wide range of plant sizes. Using whole-plant chamber systems, we measured respiration rates of entire root systems and shoots of 96 woody species (n = 1243) and 33 herbaceous species (n = 463) from various terrestrial biomes, with plant masses spanning nine orders of magnitude. Scaling exponents for relationships between respiration rates and fresh mass were greater in shoots than in roots, and both were greater in herbaceous plants than in woody plants. Furthermore, scaling of whole-plant respiration, including various species, converged separately for woody and herbaceous plants. These findings suggest some general physico-chemical constraints on energy use by shoots and roots of individual plants in various terrestrial biomes, including forests and grasslands. These data will advance our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20241910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scaling up to understand disease risk: distinct roles of host functional traits in shaping infection risk of avian malaria across different scales. 扩大规模以了解疾病风险：宿主功能特征在不同尺度上塑造禽疟疾感染风险中的独特作用

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.2175

Qiang Wu, Alan Fecchio, Yuxiao Han, Juan Liu, Tinghao Jin, Zheng Y X Huang, Ping Ding

{"title":"Scaling up to understand disease risk: distinct roles of host functional traits in shaping infection risk of avian malaria across different scales.","authors":"Qiang Wu, Alan Fecchio, Yuxiao Han, Juan Liu, Tinghao Jin, Zheng Y X Huang, Ping Ding","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2175","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2175","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the impacts of diversity on pathogen transmission is essential for public health and biological conservation. However, how the outcome and mechanisms of the diversity-disease relationship vary across biological scales in natural systems remains elusive. In addition, although the role of host functional traits has long been established in disease ecology, its integration into the diversity-disease relationship largely falls behind. By examining avian haemosporidians of 1101 birds from 86 species, we investigated how host functional traits and diversity may shape infection risk across individual and community levels. We found that host traits affect individual-level infection risk but fail to scale up the effect to the community level when testing community-weighted means. Moreover, functional divergence reduced community-level infection risk, indicating the dilution effect of functional diversity. Host richness also showed dilution effect at the community level, but not individual level for one parasite genus, suggesting that the dilution mechanism results from the aggregation of non-competent hosts into richer communities. These results demonstrate that the outcome and mechanism of diversity-disease relationship depend on biological scale, and aggregating observations may cause biased evidence and misattributed mechanisms. Overall, our work suppports the integration of trait-based ecology to further understand the diversity-disease relationship across biological scales.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2038","pages":"20242175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Filter feeding in devil rays is highly sensitive to morphology. 魔鬼鱼的滤食对形态高度敏感。

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.2037

Shirel R Kahane-Rapport, Julia Teeple, James C Liao, E W M Paig-Tran, James A Strother

{"title":"Filter feeding in devil rays is highly sensitive to morphology.","authors":"Shirel R Kahane-Rapport, Julia Teeple, James C Liao, E W M Paig-Tran, James A Strother","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2037","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2037","url":null,"abstract":"Mobulid rays (manta and devil rays) use a highly specialized filtering apparatus to separate plankton food particles from seawater. Recent studies have indicated that captive vortices form within the microscale pores of the filter, which enhance filtration efficiency through a novel mechanism referred to as ricochet separation. The high throughput and clog resistance of this filtration process have led to the development of several bioinspired engineered filtration systems. However, it is still unclear how changes to the filter morphology influence the surrounding flow patterns and filtration efficiency. We address this question by examining the flow fields around and filtering properties of mobulid filters with systematically varied morphologies, using a combination of computational fluid dynamics and experiments on physical models. While the pore size is the principal determinant of filtration efficiency in a sieve filter, we found that the captive vortices in a mobulid filter grow or shrink to fill the pore, and changes in the pore size have modest effects. By contrast, the filtration efficiency appears to be highly sensitive to the orientation of the filter lobes (microscale plate-like structures). These results provide a foundation for interpreting the morphological differences between species and also for generating optimized bioinspired designs.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20242037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

More than a token photo: humanizing scientists enhances student engagement. 不仅仅是一张象征性的照片：人性化的科学家提高了学生的参与度。

IF 3.8 1区生物学

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0879

Robin A Costello, Emily P Driessen, Melissa K Kjelvik, Elizabeth H Schultheis, Rachel M Youngblood, Ash T Zemenick, Marjorie G Weber, Cissy J Ballen

{"title":"More than a token photo: humanizing scientists enhances student engagement.","authors":"Robin A Costello, Emily P Driessen, Melissa K Kjelvik, Elizabeth H Schultheis, Rachel M Youngblood, Ash T Zemenick, Marjorie G Weber, Cissy J Ballen","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.0879","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.0879","url":null,"abstract":"Despite broad consensus that highlighting counter-stereotypical scientist role models in educational materials promotes equity and success, the specific elements that make these materials effective remain untested. Are pictures of counter-stereotypical scientists enough to communicate to students that scientists come from a variety of backgrounds, or is additional information required? To parse the effects of including visual depictions and humanizing information about scientists featured in biology course materials, we distributed three randomized versions of assignments over several academic terms across 36 undergraduate institutions (n > 3700 students). We found that including humanizing information about scientists was key to increasing student engagement with the biology course materials. The positive effect of humanizing information was especially important for students who related to the scientists. Structural equation modelling revealed the extent to which students related to scientists mediated the positive effect of humanizing descriptions on student engagement. Furthermore, our results were strongest among students who shared one or more excluded identity(s) with the featured scientists. Our findings underscore the importance of providing students with examples of humanized and relatable scientists in classrooms, rather than simply adding a photo to increase representation.","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20240879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0