Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"<i>Proceedings B</i> 2024: the year in review.","authors":"Spencer C H Barrett","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2025.0065","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2025.0065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20250065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concomitant motor responses facilitate the acquisition of multiple prior distributions in human coincidence timing.","authors":"Shu Natsume, Neil W Roach, Makoto Miyazaki","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2438","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain optimizes timing behaviour by acquiring a prior distribution of target timing and integrating it with sensory inputs. Real events have distinct temporal statistics (e.g. fastball/slowball in ball sports), making it vital to acquire multiple prior distributions. In previous studies, participants acquired two prior distributions by assigning different types of motor responses or motor effectors to each prior. However, in daily tasks, different types of motor responses or effectors cannot always be selected for each target state. Here, we demonstrate that concomitant motor responses (CMRs) can facilitate multiple-prior acquisition. The non-CMR group made timing responses using only their dominant hand, irrespective of the prior distributions (short/long interval), whereas the CMR group selectively added a non-dominant hand response concomitantly to the dominant hand response for one of the priors. The CMR group acquired the two independent priors more quickly, and the divergence between the acquired priors was greater. Facilitation of multiple-prior acquisition was also observed with concomitant vocalization, indicating that this effect is not limited to bimanual interactions. These results demonstrate behavioural contexts that facilitate multiple-prior acquisition while using an identical type of motor response and effector, which can be effective in utilizing Bayesian estimation in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20242438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual selection matters in genetic rescue, but productivity benefits fade over time: a multi-generation experiment to inform conservation.","authors":"George West, Michael Pointer, Will Nash, Rebecca Lewis, Matt J G Gage, David S Richardson","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2374","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, many species are threatened by population decline because of anthropogenic changes leading to population fragmentation, genetic isolation and inbreeding depression. Genetic rescue, the controlled introduction of genetic variation, is a method used to relieve such effects in small populations. However, without understanding how the characteristics of rescuers impact rescue attempts interventions run the risk of being sub-optimal, or even counterproductive. We use the red flour beetle (<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>) to test the impact of rescuer sex, and sexual selection background, on population productivity. We record the impact of genetic rescue on population productivity in 24 and 36 replicated populations for ten generations following intervention. We find little or no impact of rescuer sex on the efficacy of rescue but show that a background of elevated sexual selection makes individuals more effective rescuers. In both experiments, rescue effects diminish 6-10 generations after the rescue. Our results confirm that the efficacy of genetic rescue can be influenced by characteristics of the rescuers and that the level of sexual selection in the rescuing population is an important factor. We show that any increase in fitness associated with rescue may last for a limited number of generations, suggesting implications for conservation policy and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20242374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The promise of community-driven preprints in ecology and evolution.","authors":"Daniel W A Noble, Zoe A Xirocostas, Nicholas C Wu, April Robin Martinig, Rafaela A Almeida, Kevin R Bairos-Novak, Heikel Balti, Michael G Bertram, Louis Bliard, Jack A Brand, Ilha Byrne, Ying-Chi Chan, Dena Jane Clink, Quentin Corbel, Ricardo A Correia, Jordann Crawford-Ash, Antica Culina, Elvira D'Bastiani, Gideon G Deme, Melina de Souza Leite, Félicie Dhellemmes, Shreya Dimri, Szymek M Drobniak, Alexander D Elsy, Susan E Everingham, Samuel J L Gascoigne, Matthew J Grainger, Gavin C Hossack, Knut Anders Hovstad, Edward R Ivimey-Cook, Matt Lloyd Jones, Ineta Kačergytė, Georg Küstner, Dalton C Leibold, Magdalena M Mair, Jake Martin, Ayumi Mizuno, Iain R Moodie, David Moreau, Rose E O'Dea, James A Orr, Matthieu Paquet, Rabindra Parajuli, Joel L Pick, Patrice Pottier, Marija Purgar, Pablo Recio, Dominique G Roche, Raphaël Royauté, Saeed Shafiei Sabet, Julio M G Segovia, Inês Silva, Alfredo Sánchez-Tójar, Bruno E Soares, Birgit Szabo, Elina Takola, Eli S J Thoré, Bishnu Timilsina, Natalie E van Dis, Wilco C E P Verberk, Stefan J G Vriend, Kristoffer H Wild, Coralie Williams, Yefeng Yang, Shinichi Nakagawa, Malgorzata Lagisz","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1487","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Publishing preprints is quickly becoming commonplace in ecology and evolutionary biology. Preprints can facilitate the rapid sharing of scientific knowledge establishing precedence and enabling feedback from the research community before peer review. Yet, significant barriers to preprint use exist, including language barriers, a lack of understanding about the benefits of preprints and a lack of diversity in the types of research outputs accepted (e.g. reports). Community-driven preprint initiatives can allow a research community to come together to break down these barriers to improve equity and coverage of global knowledge. Here, we explore the first preprints uploaded to <i>EcoEvoRxiv</i> (<i>n</i> = 1216), a community-driven preprint server for ecologists and evolutionary biologists, to characterize preprint use in ecology, evolution and conservation. Our perspective piece highlights some of the unique initiatives that <i>EcoEvoRxiv</i> has taken to break down barriers to scientific publishing by exploring the composition of articles, how gender and career stage influence preprint use, whether preprints are associated with greater open science practices (e.g. code and data sharing) and tracking preprint publication outcomes. Our analysis identifies areas that we still need to improve upon but highlights how community-driven initiatives, such as <i>EcoEvoRxiv</i>, can play a crucial role in shaping publishing practices in biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20241487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awakening not associated with an increased rate of cortisol secretion.","authors":"Samantha Klaas, Thomas J Upton, Eder Zavala, Michael Lawton, Sophie Bensing, Katarina Berinder, Ileana Botusan, Marianne Grytaas, Paal Methlie, Marianne Øksnes, Georgina Russell, Dimitra A Vassiliadi, Stafford L Lightman","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1844","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cortisol is released upon activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, varies across the day, possesses an underlying diurnal rhythm and is responsive to stressors. The endogenous circadian peak of cortisol occurs in the morning, and increases in cortisol observed post-awakening have been named the cortisol awakening response (CAR) based on the belief that the act of waking up stimulates cortisol secretion. However, objective evidence that awakening induces cortisol secretion is limited. We used a mixed effects model with a linear spline fitted to the data to examine tissue-free cortisol measurements obtained from 201 healthy volunteers by automated ambulatory microdialysis before and after awakening in their home environments. We also examined rate of change of cortisol depending on sleep duration and relative timing. We found no evidence for a change in the rate of cortisol increase in the hour after waking when compared with the hour prior to waking. We instead observed substantial interindividual variability in the absolute concentration and rate of change of cortisol levels, and differences in dynamics that may be attributable to duration and relative timing of sleep. Based on these results, we strongly suggest caution is needed when interpreting cortisol measurements solely obtained in the hour after waking.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2038","pages":"20241844"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hummingbird's adipostat: can a simple rule explain torpor frequency and duration in hummingbirds?","authors":"Shayne R Halter, Blair O Wolf, Carlos Martinez Del Rio","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2489","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because hummingbirds are small and have an expensive mode of locomotion, they have constrained energy budgets. Torpor is used to buffer against these energetic challenges, but its frequency and duration vary. We measured lipid content, metabolic rates and torpor use in two species of migrating hummingbirds, calliope (<i>Selasphorus calliope</i>) and rufous hummingbirds (<i>Selasphorus rufus</i>) at a stopover site. We constructed a mass-balance model to predict lipid thresholds for torpor entry, torpor duration and minimum morning lipid reserves. Hummingbirds entered torpor if their lipid contents were below a sharply defined threshold. Torpor duration increased as initial lipid content decreased, and birds that entered torpor had relatively constant morning lipid reserves. We propose a minimum morning reserve hypothesis that identifies torpor lipid thresholds and predicts frequency and duration. Several hypotheses were proposed previously to explain torpor's ultimate function, which can be derived as special cases that result from modifying our mass balance model's parameters. Torpor entails a balance between energy savings and the non-energetic risks of torpor, such as predation and physiological stress. We assessed energy equivalents of the non-energetic costs of torpor by accounting for the energetic costs and benefits of torpor, and by documenting its occurrence and length.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2038","pages":"20242489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of end-of-outbreak probabilities in the presence of delayed and incomplete case reporting.","authors":"M J Plank, W S Hart, J Polonsky, M Keita, S Ahuka-Mundeke, R N Thompson","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2825","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Towards the end of an infectious disease outbreak, when a period has elapsed without new case notifications, a key question for public health policymakers is whether the outbreak can be declared over. This requires the benefits of a declaration (e.g. relaxation of outbreak control measures) to be balanced against the risk of a resurgence in cases. To support this decision-making, mathematical methods have been developed to quantify the end-of-outbreak probability. Here, we propose a new approach to this problem that accounts for a range of features of real-world outbreaks, specifically: (i) incomplete case ascertainment, (ii) reporting delays, (iii) individual heterogeneity in transmissibility and (iv) whether cases were imported or infected locally. We showcase our approach using two case studies: Covid-19 in New Zealand in 2020 and Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018. In these examples, we found that the date when the estimated probability of no future infections reached 95% was relatively consistent across a range of modelling assumptions. This suggests that our modelling framework can generate robust quantitative estimates that can be used by policy advisors, alongside other sources of evidence, to inform end-of-outbreak declarations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20242825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbivory can increase plant fitness via reduced interspecific competition-evidence from models and mesocosms.","authors":"Laura Böttner, Fabio Dudenhausen, Sara Nouere, Antonino Malacrinò, Martin Schäfer, Joris M Koene, Meret Huber, Shuqing Xu","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1149","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbivores are generally considered to reduce plant fitness. However, as in natural communities they often feed on several competing plant species, herbivores can also increase plant fitness by reducing interspecific competition among plants. In this study, we developed a testable model to predict plant fitness in the presence of an interspecific competitor and a herbivore that feeds on both plant species. Our model allows prediction of the herbivore and competitor densities at which the focal species will benefit from herbivory. This can be estimated by quantifying the effects of the herbivore on the fitness of the focal plant and on its competitor, and by estimating the levels of intra- and interspecific competition in a pairwise fashion, respectively. We subsequently validated the model in indoor microcosms using three interacting species: an aquatic macrophyte (the giant duckweed <i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i>), its native competitors (green algae) and its native herbivore (the pond snail <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i>). Additional outdoor mesocosm experiments supported our model under natural conditions. Together, this study provides a conceptual framework to understand how herbivores shape plant fitness in a community context.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20241149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is temporal synchrony necessary for effective Batesian mimicry?","authors":"Abigail E Robinson, Isabel Novick, Jessica Herrmann, Lily DeFelice, Aidan Engel, Dina Famin, Colleen Fetherston, Bianca Frintu, Julia Meyersiek, Musfika Mishi, Tran Gia Ha Nguyễn, Peter M Buston, Thomas N Sherratt, Sean P Mullen","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1737","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.1737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Batesian mimicry occurs when palatable mimics gain protection from predators by evolving a phenotypic resemblance to an aposematic model species. While common in nature, the mechanisms maintaining mimicry are not fully understood. Patterns of temporal synchrony (i.e. temporal co-occurrence) and model first occurrence have been observed in several mimicry systems, but the hypothesis that predator foraging decisions can drive the evolution of prey phenology has not been experimentally tested. Here, using phenotypically accurate butterfly replicas, we measured predation rates on the chemically defended model species <i>Battus philenor</i> and its imperfect Batesian mimic <i>Limenitis arthemis astyanax</i> under four different phenological conditions to understand the importance of temporal synchrony and model first occurrence in mimicry complexes. We predicted that protection for mimics increases when predators learn to avoid the models' aposematic signal right before encountering the mimic, and that learned avoidance breaks down over time in the model's absence. Surprisingly, we found that asynchronous model first occurrence, even on short time scales, did not provide increased protection for mimics. Mimics were only protected under conditions of temporal synchrony, suggesting that predators rely on current information, not previously learned information, when making foraging decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20241737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143010489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perceptual effects of signal components: black sword margins are crucial for signal size discrimination in green swordtails <i>Xiphophorus hellerii</i>.","authors":"Eleanor M Caves, Laura A Kelley","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2137","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rspb.2024.2137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The signals that mediate mate choice can be complex, comprising multiple components, and understanding how complex signals evolve under sexual selection has been the focus of much study. However, open questions still remain about the role of the female's sensory and perceptual processes in shaping the evolution of complex signals. Male green swordtails <i>Xiphophorus hellerii</i> have an elongated caudal fin that comprises colour, length and a black melanic margin; females prefer males with larger bodies, longer swords and complete black sword margins. Here, we used a two-choice assay to quantify female preferences for animations of courting males of different sizes with or without sword margin coloration, and found that, when a black melanic margin was present, females exhibited preferences for larger males. However, when the margin was absent, females did not show size-based mate preference, though females spent equal time assessing males in both treatments. Our results suggest that the presence/absence of the black sword margin is an important predictor of female preference, specifically a female's ability to discriminate between potential mates of different sizes, pointing to a novel size discrimination function of black margins in animal signals, which in many species involve patterns or structures with dark edges.</p>","PeriodicalId":20589,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"292 2039","pages":"20242137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}