{"title":"Next-Hop Selection Algorithm over ECMP","authors":"Jaeyoung Kim, Byungjun Ahm","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255770","url":null,"abstract":"A novel algorithm for next-hop selection over a set of equal cost multiple paths (ECMP) in a router is presented, which provides for load sharing among multiple routes. The main idea of proposed algorithm called prime number modulo-N (PMN) is that the remainders are distributed equally when the multiples of a number are divided by prime number. Based on this specific property, PMN assigns incoming flows to a next-hop selected. The hashed value of flow is divided by the number of multiple paths. If a next-hop pointed the remainder is available, this next-hop selected to forward packet. But if not, prime number not exceeding the remainder divides the hashed value and a next-hop is selected using this remainder. The disruption characteristic is remarkably improved using prime number division scheme The lookup performance of PMN is an optimal O(1) and disruptive behavior is between 0.14 and 0.54 in case N is the number of next-hops and N is equal to eight. And the disruption average of PMN is 0.32. In case N is equal to sixteen, disruptive behavior is between 0.07 and 0.61 and the disruption average is 0.26. The optimal disruption average is 0.16 where N is equal to sixteen. As compared with other algorithm decided which next-hop to use, the performance of PMN like modulo-N is an optimal O(1), disruptive behavior of PMN is better than that of modulo-N and that of hash-threshold algorithm. But highest random weight (HRW)'s disruptive behavior with 1/N is better than that of PMN. Load balancing per flow is nearly good if each flow has the same distribution in input packet streams","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121116728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Home Address allocation to mobile terminal over mobile IP environments","authors":"Sang-Eon Kim, Dae-Young Kim","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255874","url":null,"abstract":"A handover technology is one of the important issues for mobility functions on Internet for practical purpose. It is essential to identify of mobile terminals to solve this problem. Mobile IP protocols solve handover issues by separation terminal identification from location identification with two kinds of IP addresses in MIP which are home address and care-of address respectively. This paper discusses criteria to decide care-of address and proposes allocation schemes of home address to identify mobile terminals. It can be classified into static allocation and dynamic allocation of home address that is to identify mobile terminals in MIP. This paper shows HA based dynamic allocation of home address and DHCP based dynamic allocation of home address","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115001400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Younghwan Choi, Bongsoo Kim, Sang-Ha Kim, Minkyo In, Seungyun Lee
{"title":"A Multihoming Mechanism to Support Network Mobility in Next Generation Networks","authors":"Younghwan Choi, Bongsoo Kim, Sang-Ha Kim, Minkyo In, Seungyun Lee","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255777","url":null,"abstract":"One of major tasks at IETF NEMO WG is for supporting the seamless connectivity of mobile networks based on IPv6. This seamless connectivity can be provided by multiple accesses to multiple service providers with multiple wireless network interfaces. Classifications for possible multihoming cases must be one of the most important issues in order to find the scheme for supporting mobility in various multihomed mobile networks. The classification of various multihoming cases is the current target for mobility support in mobile networks at IETF NEMO WG. The main issue of these schemes is to extract the multihoming factors with mutually independent and orthogonal properties to each other. In order to get the factors, this paper firstly divides the routing path into three segments, secondly extracts three multihoming factors, which should have independent and orthogonal properties because each of them are from different segment, and finally classifies multihoming cases of mobile networks based on these factors. In addition to this novel scheme of classification, this paper also proposes a new scheme to support network mobility in the most general multihoming environment. This validation of this scheme is attained by network simulator-2","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129530499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Downlink Performance of TD-SCDMA LTE System with Multiuser MIMO SDM","authors":"Guangyi Liu, Jianhua Zhang, Jianchi Zhu","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255828","url":null,"abstract":"Since the channel reciprocity can be obtained in TD-SCDMA LTE system, the channel status information (CSI) can be exploited at the transmitter to implement multiuser spatial division multiplexing (SDM) and obtain both the spatial multiplexing gain and multiuser diversity gain efficiently. In this paper, zero forcing beamforming (ZFB) and multiuser per antenna rate control with antenna selection (MU-PARC-AS) based SDM is proposed to enhance the downlink performance of TD-SCDMA LTE, and a joint spatial frequency proportional fairness (PF) scheduling is proposed to achieve the tradeoff between the user fairness and the system throughput of none-real time (NRT) service. For 10 MHz bandwidth, the system throughput of ZFB approaches 18 Mbps and 27 Mbps for 1times2 and 2times4 MIMO scenarios respectively, and the spectrum efficiency is achieved as 1.8 bps/Hz and 2.7 bps/Hz respectively. The cell throughput of ZFB is 38% and 17% higher than that of MU-PARC-AS for 1times2 and 2times4 MIMO scenarios respectively","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130854281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near-Optimal Selection of Joint Transmit-Receive Antennas for MIMO Channel based on Maximizing Channel Capacity","authors":"Hyo Shil Kim, Y. Byun","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255880","url":null,"abstract":"We consider multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems with reduced complexity. Increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas results in higher hardware costs and computational burden. For systems with a large number of antennas, there is strong motivation to develop techniques with reduced hardware and computational costs. In this paper, we propose an efficient transmit-receive antenna selection algorithm for MIMO wireless systems. Our algorithm achieves the more near ergodic capacity as the optimal selection technique than existing nearly optimal antenna selection schemes. Simulations validating analysis and illustrating the proposed algorithm performance are also presented","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134043909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Packet Scheduling Scheme for Audio-Video Transmission with IEEE 802.11e HCCA and its Application-Level QoS Assessment","authors":"Z. Noh, Takahiro Suzuki, S. Tasaka","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255842","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new scheduling scheme for audio-video transmission with HCCA of the IEEE 802.11e MAC protocol. In the proposed scheduling scheme, the hybrid coordinator (HC) first calculates transmission opportunity (TXOP) duration in a service interval (SI) for each wireless station on the basis of its mean data rate; it then adds additional TXOP for each wireless station which had audio or video packets in its source buffers at the end of the previous TXOP. By simulation, we compare application-level QoS of the reference scheduler in the IEEE 802.11e draft standard and the proposed scheme. Numerical results show that the proposed scheduling scheme outperforms the reference scheduling scheme in video quality and inter-stream media synchronization quality under low traffic conditions","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132240811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of a Constant-Amplitude Multi-Code-Bi-orthogonal Modulation","authors":"Sung-Jin Kang, Dae-Ki Hong, Jin-Woong Cho","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255860","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a constant-amplitude bi-orthogonal multi-code (CABM) modulation is proposed. The bit error rate (BER) performance expressions and the union bounds of the proposed CABM modulation and demodulation pairs are derived analytically. The results of the computer simulation and theoretical analysis performed show that the BER performance of the proposed CABM modulation is significantly better than that of a CAOM modulation","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129785683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seongkwan Kim, Jongseok Kim, Sekyu Park, Sunghyun Choi, J. Lee, H. Jung
{"title":"Reachability and Goodput Enhancement via Fragmentation in Public IEEE 802.11b WLAN","authors":"Seongkwan Kim, Jongseok Kim, Sekyu Park, Sunghyun Choi, J. Lee, H. Jung","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255787","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless packet networks, such as IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, users can suffer from bad channel quality at cell boundaries, and wireless stations may not overcome the bad communication condition, in spite of using the lowest transmission rate via link adaptation. Unless handoff is considered due to the deployment of APs, the case of initial access to a WLAN network, and so on in such an area, fragmentation can be a unique and compatible solution for coping with the channel limitation. We have evaluated a public WLAN service network, called NESPOT, which is operated by Korea Telecom, especially the case of initial access. We evaluate delay and error performances of NESPOT initial access procedure via both mathematical analysis and simulations. From the results, we conclude that WLAN user can experience enhanced goodput, enlarged reachability, and shortened delay via fragmentation. We also propose a practical method, TCP maximum segment size spoofing to get the same effect as fragmentation. Finally, we propose a policy, called cut-off delay, for WLAN users not to wait too long time to get an IP address without severe performance degradation","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115179968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polyphase Structure with Periodically Time-Varying Coefficients: a Realization for Minimizing Hardware Subject to Computational Speed Constraint","authors":"S. Tantaratana","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255897","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that polyphase realizations of multirate converters reduce the constraint on computational speed of the hardware, namely, the filter is decomposed into several filters which operate at a slower speed. With a slower speed, the speed requirement of hardware is relaxed. The speed reduction depends on the signal conversion rate. However, there is no hardware saving since the amount of hardware is similar to that of the original filter. Recently, periodically time-varying (PTV) structures have been proposed to reduce the hardware of multirate converters. By using each hardware multiplier for realizing several filter coefficients by means of sharing in a periodic manner, we achieve hardware reduction. The amount of hardware reduction depends on the signal conversion rate. However, the processing speed of each multiplier is the same as the that of the original filter. Each of the two techniques above achieve one objective while the other factor is unchanged. We show that by combining the two techniques to obtain a polyphase structure with PTV coefficients, we can obtain both hardware saving and reduction in computation speed requirement. We can trade the hardware saving and the reduction in computation requirement. From the viewpoint that we wish to obtain hardware realization of a multirate converters when the processing speed is limited by the hardware's computation speed, the proposed PTV polyphase structure offers minimum hardware under such limitation. The decimator is used in this paper to demonstrate the idea","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123523496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ricean K-factor Estimation in Cellular Communications Using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic","authors":"Bo-Chieh Liu, Ken-Huang Lin, Ju-Ya Chen","doi":"10.1109/APCC.2006.255906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC.2006.255906","url":null,"abstract":"In cellular communications, the recognition of the Ricean K-factor is good indicator of the channel quality and is important in link budget calculations. One method for the Ricean K-factor estimation in cellular communication systems is proposed. The method is based on using Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistic to test the envelope of fading signal for Ricean statistics, and meantime the value of Ricean K-factor can be estimated. By gathering time-series data from the fixed channels in a commercial cellular communication system, field trial results show that the proposed K-S statistic is robust to the small sample population and its standard deviation is significantly lower than that of moment-method","PeriodicalId":205758,"journal":{"name":"2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130185466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}