Orð og tungaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.33112/ORDOGTUNGA.20.7
Matteo Tarsi
{"title":"Að halda uppi lögum og reglum: Saga og orðmyndun orðsins lögregla","authors":"Matteo Tarsi","doi":"10.33112/ORDOGTUNGA.20.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33112/ORDOGTUNGA.20.7","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the history and word formation of the Icelandic word for ‘police’, i.e. lögregla. The word constitutes an interesting case of word formation in that said lexeme is a dvandva compound whose creation is related to the expression að halda uppi lögum og reglu ‘to maintain law and order’. Moreover, it is argued that the word has arisen in the wake of the Icelandic purist movement in the first half of the 19th century, and that its creator is Konráð Gíslason, who was at the time a member of the Icelandic Literary Society (Hið íslenzka bókmenntafélag) and editor of the journal Fjölnir. According to the sources, the word, lögregla, cannot have been formed as an independent lexical item. In fact, the word appears first in a compound with maður‘man’, meaning ‘policeman’ or, more precisely, ‘a man who is in charge of maintaining law and order’. It is argued that lögregla has in fact been created in order to gradually substitute the Danish loanword pólití, first in compounds such as pólitímaður and pólitíþjónn ‘policeman’, and then as a single lexeme. The Danish loanword pólití had a twofold meaning: ‘policeman’ and ‘police’. Moreover, it is argued that lögregla, as an unbound lexeme, was initially a shortened form for lögreglumaður, and later assumed the general meaning ‘police force’ by means of synecdoche (pars pro toto).","PeriodicalId":205730,"journal":{"name":"Orð og tunga","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123137375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orð og tungaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.33112/ordogtunga.20.3
Katrín Axelsdóttir
{"title":"Þórarinn í þágufalli","authors":"Katrín Axelsdóttir","doi":"10.33112/ordogtunga.20.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.20.3","url":null,"abstract":"The ancient inflection of the Icelandic male name Þórarinn (nom.), Þórarin (acc.), Þórarni (dat.), Þórarins (gen.), is identical in the modern language. But in addition to the usual dative form, Þórarni, four other forms have been used, Þórarin, Þórarini, Þórarinum, Þórarininum. As examples of the use of these innovative forms are not com-mon, it is difficult to date their emergence with certainty. The oldest known example of Þórarinum is from around 1700 in South Iceland, from where it may have spread. Examples are found in several places in the South, in the West and in the North. Examples of Þórarin in the dative are found in the latter half of the 18th century. Þórarini occurs in the language of a man born in 1850. The rarest and presumably the youngest form, Þórarininum, occurs in the 20th century, in Rangárvallasýsla and Barðastrandarsýsla, and is probably extinct. The other three innovative forms are still occasionally found, especially Þórarin and Þórarini.","PeriodicalId":205730,"journal":{"name":"Orð og tunga","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125214498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orð og tungaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.33112/ordogtunga.20.2
Helgi Skúli Kjartansson
{"title":"Sproti. Geta fornar skógarnytjar skýrt margslungið merkingarsvið?","authors":"Helgi Skúli Kjartansson","doi":"10.33112/ordogtunga.20.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.20.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Old Norse noun sproti(masc.) displays a variety of meanings, only some of which are preserved in Modern Icelandic. The present article seeks, largely on the basis of material from the Copenhagen Dictionary of Old Norse Prose (ONP), to map the usage of the term and its compounds. Many of the occurrences in old texts have religious overtones, either Christian – partly as a translation of Lat. virga – or pagan – especially in connection with the god Óðinn, while others concern tales of magic and fantasy.Down-to-earth use of the term is too rare for its basic meaning to clearly occur. It is, however, tempting to connect it with the common practice of coppicing or pollarding trees for a variety of uses, from tree hay to firewood, including any sort of poles or sticks. The term sproti would then primarily refer to the young stems harvested from such trees and secondarily to fancier magic wands and regal sceptres, even when made of ivory or gold.The Odinic reyrsproti and laufsproti might then refer to tender stems used, respec-tively, for fastening (cf. vb. reyra ‘tie’) and for animal feed.","PeriodicalId":205730,"journal":{"name":"Orð og tunga","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125245937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orð og tungaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.33112/ordogtunga.20.10
Helga Hilmisdóttir
{"title":"Íslenskt orðanet: Ný veforðabók yfir vensl orða","authors":"Helga Hilmisdóttir","doi":"10.33112/ordogtunga.20.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.20.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205730,"journal":{"name":"Orð og tunga","volume":"5 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131937723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orð og tungaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.33112/ordogtunga.20.5
M. Jónsdóttir
{"title":"\"Glasið brotnaðist, amma\": Viðskeyti eða ekki: Um sagnir sem enda á -na+st","authors":"M. Jónsdóttir","doi":"10.33112/ordogtunga.20.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.20.5","url":null,"abstract":"Icelandic has a number of anticausative/inchoative verbs suffixed with -na,i.e., verbs like batna, hitna,stirðna ‘become better/warm(er)/stiff(er)’. They are, from a synchronic point of view, all related to adjectives. It has been generally assumed that the na-formation and -st formation do not combine, in other words, that na-verbs can’t be suffixed with -st (sofnast being an exception). This is mainly based on the assumption that -na is a productive suffix forming an agentless verb. The paper concludes that this is not the case. The assumption is that -na is not a suffix any longer. Many examples of st-cliticized na-verbsare found in Icelandic, e.g. batnast, hitnast, stirðnast. They are found in written Icelandic sources, both in the oldest as well as in very young sources of a different kind. For comparison, the behaviour of two verbal groups are discussed in the paper. On the one hand, there are -k(k)a/-ga-verbs suffixed with -st, having an anticausative/ergative meaning, i.e. fjölgast ‘increase’, stækkast ‘become big(ger)’. Numerous verbs belong to this group. On the other hand, there is a very small group of verbs, i.e. batast ‘become better’, hitast ‘become warm(er)’, meyrast ‘become tender’; these verbs, that have the same root as the na-verbs, are used in an anticausative/ergative meaning and have a causative counterpart as well.","PeriodicalId":205730,"journal":{"name":"Orð og tunga","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124580470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orð og tungaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.33112/ordogtunga.20.6
M. Jónsdóttir
{"title":"Orðið kýrskýr: Merking og myndun","authors":"M. Jónsdóttir","doi":"10.33112/ordogtunga.20.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.20.6","url":null,"abstract":"The Icelandic adjective, kýrskýr, (kýr ‘cow’, skýr ‘clear, sharp, intelligent’) merits atten-tion for a number of reasons. According to sources, the oldest written examples are from the latt er part of the 20th century. However, the word could be older. This article undertakes the task of writing the history of this adjective, considering its meaning and formation. The following issues are dealt with:a. Normally, the adjective kýrskýr has the meaning ‘(very)clear, sharp, intelligent’, referring to persons or matters. Furthermore, examples show that the adjective is most commonly used in the construction e-ð er kýrskýrt ‘sth is (very) clear’.b. The adjective kýrskýr is also known in the meaning of ‘stupid’, referring to per-sons only. As a matter of fact, this seems to be the older meaning.c. The formation of kýrskýr is not clear and it could be argued that there is a relationship between the word formation and the meaning of the word. In the sense of ‘stupid’, kýrskýr is a compound word of the type N+A. On the other hand, the forma-tion of kýrskýr in the meaning ‘(very) clear, sharp, intelligent’ is not clear. It could be considered a compound word, having undergone a metaphorical extension. Or, it could be argued that kýr- is a prefi xoid with the head skýr. In that case, the question of the function of the rhyme, kýr and skýr, arises.","PeriodicalId":205730,"journal":{"name":"Orð og tunga","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128165195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orð og tungaPub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.33112/ordogtunga.20.4
Kendra Willsson
{"title":"Splitting the atom: Lexical creativity and the image of the Icelandic atom poets","authors":"Kendra Willsson","doi":"10.33112/ordogtunga.20.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.20.4","url":null,"abstract":"Greinin fjallar um samsetningar með forliðnum atóm- og byggist aðallega á gögnum úr Ritmálssafni Orðabókar Háskólans. Fjöldi samsetninga með þessum forlið varð til eftir seinni heimsstyrjöldina, einkum í tengslum við skáldsöguna Atómstöðina (1948) eftir Halldór Laxness og atómskáldin svokölluðu. Í þessum samsetningum kemur fram margvísleg merkingarvísun. Orðstofninn vísar til fagurfræði atómskáldanna, nútímaljóða og módernisma almennt og til andrúmsloftsins í upphafi kalda stríðsins þegar módernisminn varð til. Nýyrðið og samheitið frumeind virðist ekki geta fengið sams konar afleidda merkingu í samsetningum heldur fær aftur bókstaflegu merkinguna ‘grunneining’ í öðru samhengi en þegar talað er um eðlis- eða efnafræði.","PeriodicalId":205730,"journal":{"name":"Orð og tunga","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128937496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orð og tungaPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33112/ordogtunga.24.9
Jóhannes B. Sigtryggsson
{"title":"Íslensk réttritun – nýtt rit um stafsetningu","authors":"Jóhannes B. Sigtryggsson","doi":"10.33112/ordogtunga.24.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33112/ordogtunga.24.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205730,"journal":{"name":"Orð og tunga","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130175985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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