Procedia Chemistry最新文献_第6页

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.057

Hugues Lambert , Benoit Claux , Clint Sharrad , Pavel Soucek , Rikard Malmbeck

引用次数: 3

Synthesis of Single-layer Graphene: A Review of Recent Development 单层石墨烯的合成研究进展

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.135

H. C. Lee, Wei‐Wen Liu, S. Chai, A. Mohamed, C. Lai, C. Khe, C. Voon, U. Hashim, N. Hidayah

引用次数: 92

Effects of Additives in Ethylene Glycol-based Lubricant on Selective Material Removal in Slider Lapping Process 乙二醇基润滑剂中添加剂对滑块研磨过程中选择性材料去除的影响

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.089

P. Paranusorn , B.L. Fernandez , C. Supavasuthi , A. Somwangthanaroj

{"title":"Effects of Additives in Ethylene Glycol-based Lubricant on Selective Material Removal in Slider Lapping Process","authors":"P. Paranusorn , B.L. Fernandez , C. Supavasuthi , A. Somwangthanaroj","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical mechanical nano grinding is a key technology in magnetic recording head manufacturing process. The magnetic recording head is an important component of hard disk drive which is used for reading and writing data in to the media. Thin film of metal alloys and metal oxides are fabricated on ceramic substrate called wafer to create the recording heads. In order to control surface properties of the recording head, the precise chemical mechanical nano grinding process is used. In this process the recording heads are treated to archive the designed surface properties by using lubricants to control the selectivity of material removal. This research studied the effect of additives in ethylene glycol based lubricant on the selectivity of material removal. Two additives were added in ethylene glycol to create the lubricant and their pHs were measured. The material removal rate can be predicted by measuring wettability of lubricant on surface of material. Nickel iron alloy (NiFe) was used to represent the surface material of magnetic shield of the recording head. The wettability of lubricants were measured on NiFe surface by contact angle measurement technique to show the selectivity on each NiFe. The results were compared with the atomic force micrograph of material after lapping process and show that the selective removal of material can be occurred by this method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77041425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Produced from Kenaf Core Fiber Using H3PO4 Activation 红麻芯纤维H3PO4活化活性炭的合成与表征

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.053

M.S. Shamsuddin, N.R.N. Yusoff, M.A. Sulaiman

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Produced from Kenaf Core Fiber Using H3PO4 Activation","authors":"M.S. Shamsuddin, N.R.N. Yusoff, M.A. Sulaiman","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kenaf core fiber (KF) which is an agricultural biomass was used to produce low-cost activated carbon using acidic chemical activating agent. The aim of this study is to find out the changes occuring in kenaf core fiber during activation with phosphoric acid (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>). The surface area of the formed phosphoric acid treated kenaf core fiber activated carbon (KFAC) was determined by physical adsorption of N<sub>2</sub> gas. Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area, and micropore volume values were 299.02 m<sup>2</sup>/g and 0.12 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope analysis identified the present of carbonyls, alkenes and hydroxyls. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) image showed gradual formation of pores due to elimination of volatiles and contaminants. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated the appearance of broad diffraction background revealed predominantly amorphous structure. The proximate and ultimate analysis showed high percentage of carbon and low percentage of ash which is an indication of a good material for production of porous carbon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82766205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 183

Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as a Pretreatment for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) in Sugar Production 深共熔溶剂(DES)预处理油棕空果束(OPEFB)制糖工艺

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.023

Nur Atikah Md Nor, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Osman Hassan

{"title":"Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as a Pretreatment for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) in Sugar Production","authors":"Nur Atikah Md Nor, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Osman Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) was pretreated using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) at different parameters to enable a highest yield of sugar. DES is a combination of two or more cheap and safe components to form an eutectic mixture through hydrogen bond interaction, which has a melting point lower than that of each component. DES can be used to replace Ionic Liquids (ILs), which are more expensive and toxic. In this study, OPEFB was pretreated with DES mixture of choline chloride: urea in 1:2 molar ratio. The pretreatment was performed at temperature 110°C and 80°C for 4hours and 1 hour. Pretreatment A (110°C, 4hours), B (110°C, 1 hour), C (80°C, 4hours) and D (80°C, 1 hour). Enzymatic hydrolysis was done by using the combination of two enzymes, namely, Cellic Ctec2 and Cellic Htec2. Morphology surface of OPEFB is observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The treated fiber is tested for crystallinity using XRD and functional group analysis using FTIR, to check the effect of the pretreatment on the fiber and compared it with the untreated fiber. From XRD analysis, DES successfully gave an effect towards degree of crystallinity of cellulose. Pretreatment A and B successfully reduce the percentage of crystallinity while pretreatment C and D increased the percentage of crystallinity. From FTIR analysis, DES can expose the structure of cellulose even though the functional group of lignin and hemicellulose were still present. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, DES-treated fiber successfully produced sugar but not significantly when compared with raw. Pretreatment A, B, C and D produced glucose at the amount of 60.47mg/ml, 66.33mg/ml, 61.96mg/ml and 59.12mg/ml respectively. However, pretreatment C gave the highest xylose (70.01mg/ml) production compared to other DES pretreatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90253487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Fiber (OPEFB) with Aquaeous Ammonia for High Production of Sugar 含水氨预处理油棕空果纤维高产糖研究

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.024

Nursyafiqah Zulkiple, Mohamad Yusuf Maskat, Osman Hassan

{"title":"Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Fiber (OPEFB) with Aquaeous Ammonia for High Production of Sugar","authors":"Nursyafiqah Zulkiple, Mohamad Yusuf Maskat, Osman Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Corncob Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is an agricultural residue that has the potential to become a good source for renewable feedstock for production of sugar. This work evaluated the effectiveness of aqueous ammonia as pretreatment at low (soaking, SAA) and elevated temperature (Pressurized Chamber) to deconstruct the lignocellulosic feedstock, prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. The ammonia pretreatments were compared against the standard NaOH method. The best tested Pressurized Chamber method conditions were at 100°C with 3 hour retention time, 12.5% Ammonium hydroxide and 1:30 solid loading. The digestibility of the feedstock is determined with enzymatic hydrolysis using Cellic Ctech2 and Cellic Htech2. The sugars produced by Pressurized Chamber method within 24 hour of enzyme hydrolysis are similar to that produced by NaOH method which is 439.90mg/ml and 351.61mg/ml, respectively. Compared with optimum SAA method (24 hour, 6.25% of ammonium hydroxide at room temperature), Pressurized Chamber method was capable of producing enhanced delignification and higher production of sugar upon hydrolysis. These findings were supported by the disappearance peak at 1732, 1512 and 1243 on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR spectrum) of treated OPEFB by Pressurized Chamber method. XRD determination showed reduced crystallinity of OPEFB (37.23%) after treatment by Pressurized Chamber, suggesting higher accessibility toward enzyme hydrolysis. The data obtained suggest that the Pressurized Chamber pre-treatment method are suitable for OPEFB deconstruction to produce high yield of sugar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87993155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Effect of Different Preparation Methods on Crosslink density and Mechanical Properties of Carrageenan filled Natural Rubber (NR) Latex Films 不同制备方法对卡拉胶填充天然橡胶胶乳膜交联密度和力学性能的影响

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.146

S. Norhazariah, A. Azura, R. Sivakumar, B. Azahari

引用次数: 21

Modeling Closed Nuclear Fuel Cycle Processes 封闭核燃料循环过程建模

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.070

O.V. Shmidt , I.R. Makeeva , S.N. Liventsov

引用次数: 4

Effect of Acrylic Acid Content on Modified NypaFruticans Regenerated Cellulose Biocomposite Films 丙烯酸含量对改性NypaFruticans再生纤维素生物复合膜的影响

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.021

G. Vaniespree, H. Salmah, P.L. Teh, M. Marliza