{"title":"Flexible Waste Management to Increase the Effectiveness of Minor Actinide P&T Technology","authors":"Tetsuo Fukasawa , Yaohiro Inagaki , Tatsumi Arima , Seichi Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Partitioning and transmutation (P&T) technologies have been developed for minor actinides (MA) to reduce the high level waste (HLW) volume and long-term radiotoxicity. Although the MA P&T can reduce the potential radiotoxicity effectively by 1-3 orders of magnitude, the actual operation of P&T requires several tens of years for developing elemental technologies of nuclide separation, MA containing fuel fabrication, transmutation and their practical systematization. The high level liquid waste (HLLW) containing MA is presently vitrified immediately after spent fuel reprocessing, stored about 50 years at surface facility and will be disposed of at deep geological repository. Vitrified HLW form works as an excellent artificial barrier against nuclides release during storage and disposal. On the other hand, it is difficult to recover MA from the form. So the present waste management scheme has an issue of MA P&T technology application until its deployment, which will produce much amount of vitrified HLW including long-lived MA without P&T application. Thus the authors proposed the flexible waste management method to increase the effectiveness of the MA P&T. The system adopts the HLLW calcination instead of the vitrification to produce granule for its dry storage of about 50 years until the MA P&T technology will be applicable. The granule should be easily dissolved by the nitric acid solution to apply the typical aqueous MA partitioning technologies to be developed. This paper reports the purpose of the study, the feasibility evaluation results for the calcined granule storage and the evaluation results for the environmental burden reduction effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"21 ","pages":"Pages 365-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90213937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.003
A.R.N. Laily , S. Hasiah , N.A. Nik Aziz , A.N. Dagang
{"title":"Poly (3-Dodecylthiophene)/Natural Dye Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell: An Electrical Conductivity, and Hall Effect Study","authors":"A.R.N. Laily , S. Hasiah , N.A. Nik Aziz , A.N. Dagang","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Today, world is facing the increasing energy demand, security of energy supply and reduction of emissions. Energy consumption which accounts for 60% global greenhouse gas emissions has mainly contributed to climate change. Renewable energy is an appropriate way to satisfy energy consumption without environmental degradation. Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources today. In recent years, organic solar cells (OSCs) which are a promising alternative to conventional inorganic devices have received much attention. In this research, OSCs are developed from organic material; Pulasan (<em>Nephelium mutabile Labill</em>), Kemunting (<em>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</em>) and Poly (3- Dodecylthiophene) (P3DT). These OSCs are facbricated accordingly bulk heterojunction of ITO/P3DT+natural dye/Au via electrochemical method at room temperature. The OSCs was deposited onto heated substrate from 50 ̊C to 200 ̊C. From four point probes (FPP) data revealed that electrical conductivity increases by the increment of light intensity and temperature of substrate. Then, the samples were examined using Hall Effect measurement to obtain the type of sample, Hall mobility, and highest charge carrier in the sample of OSCs. Both samples detected was N-type of charge carrier from Hall effect measurement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 2-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83968134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.137
M. Abu, Mohd Fariz Ab Rahman, R. A. Zaman, M. Ahmadipour, J. J. Mohamed, M. F. Ain, Z. Ahmad
{"title":"Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ca1+xCu3Ti4O12+x (-0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) Ceramics☆","authors":"M. Abu, Mohd Fariz Ab Rahman, R. A. Zaman, M. Ahmadipour, J. J. Mohamed, M. F. Ain, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"67 1","pages":"929-934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89305622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.027
Siti Nadzirah Abdul Muttalib, Nadras Othman
{"title":"Effect of Ball Milling Parameters on Properties of Attapulgite Filled Natural Rubber Composite","authors":"Siti Nadzirah Abdul Muttalib, Nadras Othman","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural rubber (NR)/attapulgite (ATP) composites was prepared via combination latex compounding and melt mixing. Ball milling method was tailored to improve the ATP dispersion before compounded with latex. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of ball milling parameters and operating conditions which were focusing on ball mill size and ball mill ratio on the tensile and morphological properties of NR/ATP composites. Mechanical testing such as tensile test and hardness test were subjected to the samples. The composite was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to reveal the effect of ball milling parameters on the morphological properties of the composites. Swelling measurement was done to determine the crosslink density of the composites. A ball to weight ratio (BPR) of 1:5 and large size ball mill were found as the optimized milling parameters for NR/ATP composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 381-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87102350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.101
Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Nazeri , Ahmad Azmin Mohamad
{"title":"Effect of Corrosion in Alkaline Solution to the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu/Sn-9Zn/Cu","authors":"Muhammad Firdaus Mohd Nazeri , Ahmad Azmin Mohamad","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Corrosion resistance performance of binary eutectic tin-zinc (Sn-9Zn) solder was investigated in 6 M potassium hydroxide. The corrosion resistance performance of the solder was studied through potentiodynamic polarization. Double dissolution peaks were seen during polarization, indicating preferential dissolution of elements from this solder. Tensile strength measurement shows substantial loss of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the joint made after polarization. Microstructure characterization proved that weak spots were introduced as active elements removed during polarization. This showed that microstructure alteration contributed to the loss of UTS after polarization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 247-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86745613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.081
Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacab, H. Ismail, Sam Sung Ting
{"title":"Potential Use of Paddy Straw as Filler in Poly Lactic Acid/Paddy Straw Powder Biocomposite: Thermal and Thermal Properties","authors":"Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacab, H. Ismail, Sam Sung Ting","doi":"10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"46 1","pages":"757-762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88410541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.074
Stacey Reilly , Chris Maher , Steven Brewer , Robin Taylor
{"title":"Decomposition Studies of Aqueous Phase Ligands Used in Advanced Reprocessing Flowsheets","authors":"Stacey Reilly , Chris Maher , Steven Brewer , Robin Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two potential methods for decomposing organic ligands in nitric acid have been studied using acetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as examples; these methods were oxidation by nitric acid at elevated temperatures (70-110<!--> <!-->°C) and electrochemical oxidation, both direct and mediated electrochemical oxidation. Based on total carbon measurements, acetic acid proved to be rather stable against nitric acid oxidation whereas 60-80% of DTPA was decomposed at 100-110°C. Electrochemical oxidation methods were generally more effective in decomposing acetic acid and DTPA with mediated electrochemical oxidation using Ag(II) ions the most effective method under the conditions tested, with ∼80 and >90% loss of carbon from acetic acid and DTPA solutions respectively, at ambient temperature in 6<!--> <!-->M HNO<sub>3</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"21 ","pages":"Pages 530-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85580706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.022
S.Z. Salleh, M.Z. Ahmad, H. Ismail
{"title":"Properties of Natural Rubber/Recycled Chloroprene Rubber Blend: Effects of Blend Ratio and Matrix","authors":"S.Z. Salleh, M.Z. Ahmad, H. Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigated the effects of two types of natural rubber and different blend ratios on the cure, tensile properties and morphology of natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber blends. The blends of natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber were prepared by using laboratory two-roll mill. The result showed that the cure time prolonged with the addition of recycled chloroprene rubber (rCR). Comparability, natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber (SMR L/rCR) blendcured rapidly than epoxidized natural rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber (ENR 50/rCR) blend. The addition of rCRalso caused a decrement in the tensile strength and elongation at break for both rubber blends. The SMR L/rCR blendsshowed higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to those of ENR 50/rCR blends at any blend ratios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 346-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87940084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.008
C. Lefebvre , T. Dumas , M-C. Charbonnel , P.L. Solari
{"title":"Speciation of Ruthenium in Organic TBP/TPH Organic Phases: A Study about Acidity of Nitric Solutions","authors":"C. Lefebvre , T. Dumas , M-C. Charbonnel , P.L. Solari","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ruthenium extraction with uranium and plutonium during the reprocessing of nuclear used fuel is an important element to follow because its presence leads to a decrease of the decontamination factors and causes enhanced radiolysis of the solvent. A study was carried out on the speciation of ruthenium in both aqueous and organic phases by complementary spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. By providing a better understanding of the ruthenium extraction mechanism, this study will help to support the modeling of related processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"21 ","pages":"Pages 54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77914141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Procedia ChemistryPub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.110
Hui-Chiang Teoh, M. Mariatti, Y. Khatijah
{"title":"Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity of Cyanoacrylate with Different Types of Nanofillers and Loading","authors":"Hui-Chiang Teoh, M. Mariatti, Y. Khatijah","doi":"10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"94 1","pages":"835-841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74608106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}