Procedia Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of North Sumatera Natural Zeolite Polyurethane Nanocomposite Foams for Light-weight Engineering Materials","authors":"Fransiskus Gultom, B. Wirjosentono, Thamrin, H. Nainggolan, Eddiyanto","doi":"10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90981765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) Investigation of UxTh1-xO2 Thin Films","authors":"Pelin Cakir ,&nbsp;Rachel Eloirdi ,&nbsp;Frank Huber ,&nbsp;Rudy J.M. Konings ,&nbsp;Thomas Gouder","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thin film samples of UO₂ and U_0.55Th_0.45O₂ have been prepared by sputter co-deposition under argon atmosphere in presence of oxygen (reactive sputtering) onto gold foil. Films were characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) studies have been made by using the thin films as electrodes in 0.01<!--> <!-->M NaCl pH neutral non-purged electrolyte. The effect of thorium in the UO₂ lattice is observed by comparing the U_0.55Th_0.45O₂ electrode to the UO₂ electrode. The results indicate that uranium develops enhanced resistance to the oxidation when thorium is added to the lattice. After the CV measurements, the films were again characterized by XPS. The surface is enriched in thorium by 11%. Uranium is in a higher oxidation state; however, uranium is less oxidized in U_0.55Th_0.45O₂ than in UO₂.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89972022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accomplishing Equilibrium in ALSEP: Demonstrations of Modified Process Chemistry on 3-D Printed Enhanced Annular Centrifugal Contactors","authors":"M. Alex Brown ,&nbsp;Kent E. Wardle ,&nbsp;Gregg Lumetta ,&nbsp;Artem V. Gelis","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The major components of the modified ALSEP process have been demonstrated on a modified 2-cm annular centrifugal contactor with an enhanced mixing zone using stable fission products and radiotracers. The results show that by decreasing the pH of the minor actinide stripping solution, using HEDTA instead of DTPA, and increasing contact time, the process is very effective in separating americium from the lanthanides and the fission products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86524843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent R&D towards Aqueous Reprocessing of FBR Fuels","authors":"C. Mallika,&nbsp;N.K. Pandey,&nbsp;Shekhar Kumar,&nbsp;U. Kamachi Mudali","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mixed Pu-rich carbide spent fuel with a burn up of 155 GWd/t from the Fast Breeder Test Reactor is being reprocessed in a hot-cell facility by PUREX process. Based on the input from the operation of this facility, R&amp;D activities were carried out to improve the recovery, decontamination factors, economy and to reduce the waste volumes. Reduction of uranyl ions in a continuous flow electrochemical reactor and electrolytic as well as chemical reduction of 4M HNO₃ from liquid waste could be accomplished in continuous mode. Using the optimized parameters, suitable electrolytic cells/experimental setups were designed for the plant capacity of 6 L/h. Studies on the extraction kinetics of Ru with 30% TBP in NPH revealed that better decontamination factor with respect to Ru can be achieved using fast contactors like centrifugal extractors (CEs). Towards developing a spent solvent recovery system to reduce organic waste volumes, a pilot plant was set up, which could recover diluent as top product of distillation column and 40% TBP as bottom product from inactive degraded solvent. A solvent recovery system using short path distillation was also developed for installation in hot cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86752065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activities of Ficus fistulosa Leave Extract and Fractions against Hepatitis C Virus","authors":"Achmad Fuad Hafid ,&nbsp;Adita Ayu Permanasari ,&nbsp;Lidya Tumewu ,&nbsp;Myrna Adianti ,&nbsp;Chie Aoki ,&nbsp;Aty Widyawaruyanti ,&nbsp;Soetjipto ,&nbsp;Maria Inge Lusida ,&nbsp;Hak Hotta","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major global disease which often leads to chronicity and is potential to liver failure. There is no anti-HCV vaccine and the high diversity of viral genotypes will probably make it very difficult to develop a vaccine. Therefore, the development of new drugs for HCV treatment is highly required. It is commonly known that numerous important modern drugs have been developed from molecules originally isolated from natural sources. In this study, we tested the leave extract and fractions of <em>Ficus fistulosa</em> for their anti-HCV activities by cell culture method using Huh7it cells and HCV JFH1a. The result showed that ethanol extract of <em>Ficus fistulosa</em> (FFL) inhibited HCV JFH1a with IC₅₀ value of 20.43±4.51<!--> <!-->μg/ml. Toxicity test also indicated that FFL was not toxic with CC₅₀ value of &gt;200<!--> <!-->μg/ml. The extract was further fractionated using chloroform (FFLC) and butanol (FFLB) successively. FFLC showed anti-HCV activity with IC₅₀ value of 5.67±1.54<!--> <!-->μg/ml and CC₅₀ value of &gt;100<!--> <!-->μg/ml (Selectivity index &gt;17.65). Further separation of FFLC by open column chromatography resulted in 12 subfractions (FFLC1-C12). Two subfractions, FFLC10, and FFLC11 showed high selectivity index (&gt;100) with IC₅₀ value of 0.60±0.30<!--> <!-->μg/ml and 0.43±0.29<!--> <!-->μg/ml, respectively. Therefore the leave extract (FFL) and fractions (FFL10, FFL11) of <em>Ficus fistulosa</em> would be a good candidate to develop antiviral against HCV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87807762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an AD5933-based Impedance Meter Prototype for Impedimetric Sensor Applications","authors":"Mohd Akmal Mhd Yusoff","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper summarizes the progress done on the development of an impedance meter prototype. The prototype is to be a substitute for commercial equipment in reading impedimetric sensor for future portable applications. The prototype allows the impedimetric sensor to be excited with a frequency from 0.1-20kHz. Autolab's “Dummy Cell 2” has been used as the Device under Test (DUT). The DUT's phase response to AD5933 Evaluation Board and Hioki IM3590 Chemical Impedance analyzer in the range of 0.1-20kHz has been recorded and analyzed. It was found that the R-squared values of the regression lines were above 0.9 which indicates that AD5933 measurement is comparable to commercial equipment and suitable for impedimetric sensor application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.07.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88074664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Agglomeration Kinetics of Uranium Peroxide","authors":"Murielle Bertrand ,&nbsp;Luz Adriana MOJICA Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Hervé Muhr ,&nbsp;Edouard Plasari ,&nbsp;Et Frédéric Auger","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering the previous study dealing with thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena (nucleation and crystal growth) during the uranium peroxide precipitation, this work focuses on the agglomeration mechanism. It provides the results obtained from the experiments carried out in a MSMPR reactor operating at steady state. The influence of the operating parameters on the uranium peroxide agglomerates was studied in order to identify the agglomeration kernel. The method is based on the resolution of the population balance equation using the method of moments and the experimental particle size distributions. The results lead to a size-independent kernel directly proportional to the crystal growth rate. Under the stirring conditions studied, the agglomeration appears to be significantly reduced by mixing which results in a kernel inversely proportional to the average shear rate. The agglomeration kinetic law obtained in this study will be used for the process modelling in a further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78878656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Tungsten Oxide Nanostructure by Sol-Gel Method","authors":"Y. Chai,&nbsp;F.Y. Ha,&nbsp;F.K. Yam,&nbsp;Z. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we present the effects of mixing sequence of sodium tungstate and nitric acid, as well as the aging duration on the formation of tungsten oxide by sol-gel method. Increase of the aging duration allows the formation of uniform platelet structure where no structure could be detected at 1 aging day while uniform platelet structure could be detected at 30 days. Hydrated tungsten oxide platelets of 1-1.θ зm could be formed by mixing sodium tungstate into nitric acid (sample labeled as W-A) which could be reduced significantly in size to 200-600<!--> <!-->nm by changing the mixing sequence to drop nitric acid into sodium tungstate (sample labeled as A-W). Crystalline hydrated tungsten oxides were obtained for both samples where W-A sample shows better degree of crystallinity. Room temperature hydrogen gas sensing property was successfully detected by both samples where A-W sample demonstrates ∼2.5 times higher sensor response to hydrogen gas compared to W-A sample.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78955158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of using Different Bed Powder in PZT Synthesis","authors":"N. F. K. Bahanurddin, J. J. Mohamed, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCHE.2016.03.113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77096729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of Nitric and Nitrous Acid Chemistry for Solvent Extraction Purposes","authors":"H. McKenzie ,&nbsp;J. MacDonald-Taylor ,&nbsp;F. McLachlan ,&nbsp;R. Orr ,&nbsp;D. Woodhead","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitric acid plays an integral role in the reprocessing of irradiated fuel. It is well known that nitric acid degrades; its often yellow hue signifies the presence of decomposition products. The decomposition of nitric acid is accelerated by temperature and radiolysis; therefore it is an important consideration in the reprocessing of nuclear fuels.</p><p>Thermal and radiolytic reactions of nitric acid result in the formation of redox active nitrogen species, of which nitrous acid is of particular concern, largely due to its redox reactions with plutonium and neptunium. Such reactions are important to understand as plutonium and neptunium can exist in a number of oxidation states; the oxidation state has a direct effect on the species extractability. The effect of nitrous acid is exacerbated as it catalyzes its own production and its reactions with actinides are typically autocatalytic; thus even micromolar quantities can have a large effect. A full understanding of solvent extraction requires us to understand actinide valence states which in turn require us to understand what nitrogen species are present and their concentrations.</p><p>As a first step in the overall objective of enhancing process models, the kinetic data for nitric acid decomposition reactions has been investigated in order to produce an initial dynamic model of decomposition under aqueous conditions. The identification of a set of kinetic reactions suitable for modelling has been the primary focus of this work. A model of nitric acid thermal decomposition will help develop a better understanding of nitric acid decomposition chemistry and enable better prediction of the oxidation states of species in solution. It is intended to later extend the model to include radiolytic reactions and then further to incorporate an organic phase in order to have a model which covers all decomposition routes for nitric acid within a nuclear fuel reprocessing scheme. The model will be used as a sub model for process models relating to nuclear fuel reprocessing to allow the nitric acid decomposition to be included and the effect of this on operations to be predicted. This is particularly relevant for models of maloperations where different fault scenarios can be investigated and the results of these predicted, as for example unusually high acidity could increase the yields of redox active species significantly altering actinide oxidation states.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81242651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}