Procedia Chemistry最新文献_第5页

Correlation between Microstructure of Copper Oxide Thin Films and its Gas Sensing Performance at Room Temperature 室温下氧化铜薄膜微观结构与气敏性能的关系

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.07.007

Nafarizal Nayan , Mohd Zainizan Sahdan , Low Jia Wei , Mohd Khairul Ahmad , Jais Lias , Soon Chin Fhong , Ali Yeon Md Shakaff , Ammar Zakaria , Ahmad Faizal Mohd Zain

{"title":"Correlation between Microstructure of Copper Oxide Thin Films and its Gas Sensing Performance at Room Temperature","authors":"Nafarizal Nayan , Mohd Zainizan Sahdan , Low Jia Wei , Mohd Khairul Ahmad , Jais Lias , Soon Chin Fhong , Ali Yeon Md Shakaff , Ammar Zakaria , Ahmad Faizal Mohd Zain","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using a Cu target was used to deposit cuprous oxide and cupric oxide thin films on silicon wafer. The substrate bias voltage and the O<sub>2</sub> flow ratio were varied during the deposition. The deposited thin films were characterized using scanning electron microscope. We found that the spherical and pyramid shapes structure of copper oxide thin films were deposited at critical O<sub>2</sub> flow ratio between 7 and 14%. The influence of substrate bias voltage was small and negligible. The deposited thin films were used for sensing characterization using ethanol vapor. Experimental results reveal that the pyramid shape of copper oxide thin film contribute to high respond rate when exposed to ethanol vapor. The respond and recovery rates which were measured at room temperature were very fast. This work had successfully demonstrated the formation of optimized copper oxide thin films and their usage for gas sensing application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"20 ","pages":"Pages 45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.07.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73027477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as a Pretreatment for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) in Sugar Production 深共熔溶剂(DES)预处理油棕空果束(OPEFB)制糖工艺

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.023

Nur Atikah Md Nor, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Osman Hassan

{"title":"Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as a Pretreatment for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) in Sugar Production","authors":"Nur Atikah Md Nor, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Osman Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) was pretreated using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) at different parameters to enable a highest yield of sugar. DES is a combination of two or more cheap and safe components to form an eutectic mixture through hydrogen bond interaction, which has a melting point lower than that of each component. DES can be used to replace Ionic Liquids (ILs), which are more expensive and toxic. In this study, OPEFB was pretreated with DES mixture of choline chloride: urea in 1:2 molar ratio. The pretreatment was performed at temperature 110°C and 80°C for 4hours and 1 hour. Pretreatment A (110°C, 4hours), B (110°C, 1 hour), C (80°C, 4hours) and D (80°C, 1 hour). Enzymatic hydrolysis was done by using the combination of two enzymes, namely, Cellic Ctec2 and Cellic Htec2. Morphology surface of OPEFB is observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The treated fiber is tested for crystallinity using XRD and functional group analysis using FTIR, to check the effect of the pretreatment on the fiber and compared it with the untreated fiber. From XRD analysis, DES successfully gave an effect towards degree of crystallinity of cellulose. Pretreatment A and B successfully reduce the percentage of crystallinity while pretreatment C and D increased the percentage of crystallinity. From FTIR analysis, DES can expose the structure of cellulose even though the functional group of lignin and hemicellulose were still present. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, DES-treated fiber successfully produced sugar but not significantly when compared with raw. Pretreatment A, B, C and D produced glucose at the amount of 60.47mg/ml, 66.33mg/ml, 61.96mg/ml and 59.12mg/ml respectively. However, pretreatment C gave the highest xylose (70.01mg/ml) production compared to other DES pretreatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90253487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Evaluation of Emulsified Acrylate Polymer and its Pour Point Depressant Performance 乳化丙烯酸酯聚合物及其降凝性能的评价

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.018

A. Admiral, M.K. Abdullah, A. Ariffin

引用次数: 16

The Effect of the Annealing on the Properties of ZnO/Cu/ZnO Multilayer Structures 退火对ZnO/Cu/ZnO多层结构性能的影响

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.011

Hiba S. Rasheed , Naser M. Ahmed , M.Z. Matjafri , Fayroz A. Sabah , Hamzah N. Al-Rawi

引用次数: 4

Characterization of the Insoluble Sludge from the Dissolution of Irradiated Fast Breeder Reactor Fuel 辐照快中子增殖反应堆燃料溶解产生的不溶性污泥的表征

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.039

Haruka Aihara, Yoichi Arai, Atsuhiro Shibata, Kazunori Nomura, Masayuki Takeuchi

引用次数: 6

Effects of Additives in Ethylene Glycol-based Lubricant on Selective Material Removal in Slider Lapping Process 乙二醇基润滑剂中添加剂对滑块研磨过程中选择性材料去除的影响

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.089

P. Paranusorn , B.L. Fernandez , C. Supavasuthi , A. Somwangthanaroj

{"title":"Effects of Additives in Ethylene Glycol-based Lubricant on Selective Material Removal in Slider Lapping Process","authors":"P. Paranusorn , B.L. Fernandez , C. Supavasuthi , A. Somwangthanaroj","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical mechanical nano grinding is a key technology in magnetic recording head manufacturing process. The magnetic recording head is an important component of hard disk drive which is used for reading and writing data in to the media. Thin film of metal alloys and metal oxides are fabricated on ceramic substrate called wafer to create the recording heads. In order to control surface properties of the recording head, the precise chemical mechanical nano grinding process is used. In this process the recording heads are treated to archive the designed surface properties by using lubricants to control the selectivity of material removal. This research studied the effect of additives in ethylene glycol based lubricant on the selectivity of material removal. Two additives were added in ethylene glycol to create the lubricant and their pHs were measured. The material removal rate can be predicted by measuring wettability of lubricant on surface of material. Nickel iron alloy (NiFe) was used to represent the surface material of magnetic shield of the recording head. The wettability of lubricants were measured on NiFe surface by contact angle measurement technique to show the selectivity on each NiFe. The results were compared with the atomic force micrograph of material after lapping process and show that the selective removal of material can be occurred by this method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77041425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Fabrication of Tungsten Oxide Nanostructure by Sol-Gel Method 溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化钨纳米结构

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.123

Y. Chai, F.Y. Ha, F.K. Yam, Z. Hassan

引用次数: 21

Effect of Different Composition on Particle Size Chitosan-PMAA-PNIPAM Hydrogel 不同成分对壳聚糖- pmaa - pnipam水凝胶粒径的影响☆

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.028

S.Z.M. Rasib , H.M. Akil , A.S. Yahya

{"title":"Effect of Different Composition on Particle Size Chitosan-PMAA-PNIPAM Hydrogel","authors":"S.Z.M. Rasib , H.M. Akil , A.S. Yahya","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitosan-based (chitosan-poly(methacrylic acid)-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [Cs-PMAA-PNIPAM] copolymer hydrogels were synthesized by free radical emulsion polymerization to study the effect of different composition of monomer on hydrogel particle size. Chitosan usually applied for medical use such as drug delivery due to its biodegradability, bio-compatibility, and non-toxicity properties. Co-polymerized chitosan with MAA and NIPAM is an improvement of chitosan gel to be more responsive to the environment of human body included different pH, temperature, ionic strength, electric field, and enzyme activities. Small size of the particles is particularly important to ensure the particles reach the target site especially as a drug delivery. A full factorial experimental design (2<sup>3</sup>) was employed to identify which factors influenced most on the particle size. The design considered three factors which is amount of MAA, NIPAM and N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) while particle size are chosen as the responses of the variation on each composition. Particle size distribution was measured by laser diffractionin wet condition. From the design of experiment, NIPAM shows the main factor affected the particle size. However combination of the others factors also contributed on the whole size of the hydrogel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 388-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85189083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Application of the Pyrochemical DOS, Developed by the CEA, within Reprocessing of CERCER Transmutation Fuel Targets CEA研制的热化学DOS在CERCER嬗变燃料靶件后处理中的应用

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.060

E. Mendes , T. Ducasse , M. Miguirditchian , M. Bertrand

{"title":"Application of the Pyrochemical DOS, Developed by the CEA, within Reprocessing of CERCER Transmutation Fuel Targets","authors":"E. Mendes , T. Ducasse , M. Miguirditchian , M. Bertrand","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyrochemical technology using high-temperature molten salts and molten metal media presents a potential interest for an overall separation and transmutation strategy for long-lived radionuclides. Within the frame of the two French acts on radioactive waste management, a pyrochemical R&D program was launched at the CEA Marcoule in the late 90's. The second step is the actinides back-extraction, which consists in a liquid/liquid oxidative stripping of the An from aluminium matrix into molten chloride media. The DOS process has been successfully demonstrated for treatment of oxide type fuels within the last years: the core of the process has been already assessed and the studies have shown high selectivity and a quantitative recovery of actinides.</p><p>Within the framework of the SACSESS European research program, the pyrochemical activities focused on applications of the DOS process to reprocess CERCER transmutation targets. These particular type of fuels consist of a mixture of minor actinides (MA) oxides diluted in an inert (oxide MgO) matrices. The behaviour of matrices material was first investigated regarding the solubility in the fluoride salt, starting from both oxide powders or sintered pellets. Further investigations focused on the reductive extraction behaviour of Mg in metallic Al. The impact of Mg on the efficiency of An reductive extraction was also studied using uranium simulating the behaviour of MA oxides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"21 ","pages":"Pages 433-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.10.060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83780815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Mass Transport Analysis in Linear Microdialysis Probes Utilizing Structural Characterization Technique 利用结构表征技术分析线性微透析探针的质量输运

Procedia Chemistry Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.017

Kho Chun Min , Zainal Arifin Ahmad , Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim , Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah

{"title":"Mass Transport Analysis in Linear Microdialysis Probes Utilizing Structural Characterization Technique","authors":"Kho Chun Min , Zainal Arifin Ahmad , Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim , Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microdialysis is a separation technique widely used for sampling and monitoring purposes. Microdialysis requires a (microdialysis) probe to be inserted to the designated area of study. Separation procedure is completed by using a selective semi-permeable membrane attached to the microdialysis proe. Despite being a well-established technique, there are still issues regarding the performance of the microdialysis probe. The biggest issue is arguably that the concentration of solutes collected via microdialysis sampling represents only 20-30% of the original concentration from the sampling site. This issue can be resolved by understanding mass transport phenomena within the microdialysis probe and its surroundings. One straightforward, yet sustainable way to analyze mass transport is through the use of computational modelling. In this paper, a mathematical framework, representing glucose recovery from a quiescent media using a microdialysis probe of linear design was described. Governing equations, boundary conditions and operational parameters were justifiably selected. Different diffusion coefficients were used to describe the mass transport through the quiescent media, semi-permeable membrane and the probe's lumen. Subsequently, the influence of some identified parameters, on the overall recovery is examined. Scanning electron microscopy imaging was used to study the physical characteristics of the microdialysis membrane, thus being utilized to estimate the diffusion coefficient values. The impact of using different diffusion coefficient values on the overall recovery was also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20431,"journal":{"name":"Procedia Chemistry","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 153-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85152537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0