Policy Design and Practice最新文献

{"title":"The role of externalities and uncertainty in policy design: evidence from the regulation of genome editing","authors":"Alberto Asquer, Inna Krachkovskaya","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1945185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1945185","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Externalities and uncertainty play an important role in the design of regulatory policies. Regulatory tools must be selected while taking into consideration the side-effects that regulated products or services have on other individuals and on the environment. This study investigates the externalities and uncertainty that arise from the use of genome editing (with specific reference to CRISPR technique) and how they relate to regulatory policy design choices. Building on evidence from genome editing regulation and on the NATO (Nodality, Authority, Treasure and Organization) policy tools framework, this study argues that a mix of regulatory tools is required to tackle externalities of genome editing applications and to cope with sources of uncertainty about their beneficial, neutral and harmful side-effects. The study provides some recommendations to policy-makers about reducing uncertainty, diversifying regulatory tools over time, and communicating to the public about features of genetically edited products.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"140 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1945185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47142943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A media visibility analysis of public leadership in Scandinavian responses to pandemics","authors":"Olivier Rubin, E. Baekkeskov, PerOla Öberg","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1943830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1943830","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyses public leadership in Scandinavia during the latest two pandemics, the swine flu pandemic in 2009 and the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, by compiling and contrasting national proxies of media visibility among pandemic response actors. Concretely, the paper taps into key media databases to develop indicators of how often national leaders and leading health experts are mentioned in Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish media reports about the 2009 and 2020 pandemics. The study reveals a high degree of continuity of public leadership in Sweden during the two pandemics. In contrast, Norway and in particular Denmark both moved from a predominately expert-driven media presence in 2009 to a much stronger top-down ministerial leadership presence during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. In addition, Sweden also displays the most balanced media representation of health experts and cabinet ministers during both pandemics. The paper concludes by discussing the pros and cons of the outlined differences in public leadership and the possible practical implications with regards public debate and trust.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"534 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1943830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44695195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research for impact: three keys for research implementation","authors":"Kirsty Jones, S. Bice","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1936761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1936761","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Impact is essential to research, policymaking and implementation. Yet impact is often misunderstood or poorly defined. For public policy scholars, concerns about impact exist largely on two planes. On one level scholars seek to understand the impacts of policy interventions. On a second level scholars aim for their public policy research to generate real-world impact. These two concerns – the “what” and the “how” of research – are often treated separately. In this article, we argue that it is worthwhile joining up these concerns about impact. This is possible, we suggest, through a combination of logic models and a novel rethink of the usual “pathway to research impact”. The article introduces two research co-design tools aimed at improving the likelihood of achieving research impact, while also improving understanding of those impacts: an integrated knowledge translation (IKT)-informed logic model and an implementation science (IS)-derived Pathway to Impact. We draw on a multi-year research co-creation project to develop the Infrastructure Engagement Excellence (IEE) Standards for Australia’s $250 billion infrastructure sector. This co-creation project illustrates the development of the logic model, Pathway to Impact and consequent research co-design process. Together, these tools can support policy scholars’ efforts to produce impactful research while also creating better understanding of policy and practice impacts, and how to achieve them. We conclude that genuine and robust research co-design requires researchers to commit not only to undertaking research with rigor, but also a willingness to dedicate thought and effort to the relationship between what research activities are carried out and how those processes can advance policy and practice outcomes and impact.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"392 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1936761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41630775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the realities of gender inclusion in climate change policies in Nepal","authors":"Anupma Rai, D. P. Ayadi, Bibek Shrestha, Aashish Mishra","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1935643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1935643","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Climate change impacts are felt globally but not equally. Even within the most vulnerable groups, women are disproportionately affected by the impacts of a changing climate. This review delves into the issue of how climate change and related policy documents in Nepal have addressed the gender-differentiated impacts of climate change. Through a gendered lens, the policies are evaluated as to whether they are gender-blind or gender-aware. We have reviewed 24 documents with climate change as a thematic area of focus along with other climate change-related national policy documents on the environment, forestry and watershed, agriculture, and disaster. Out of the 24 documents reviewed, 19 were found to be gender-aware and 5 were found to be gender-blind. We recommend gender-transformative policy development as it has been made clear that unless prevalent structural inequalities are addressed, the vulnerable cannot adapt to climate change impacts.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"501 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1935643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48670941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing policy capacity through Co-design: the case of local public transportation in the Philippines","authors":"Revka E. Perez, Anne Clarice L. Ng, N. C. Tiglao","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1930689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1930689","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores how co-design can support the analytical, operational, and political policy capacities of government bodies. It specifically covers the policy capacities for public transport of local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines which was then mainly undertaken by the national government. The study area is Pasig City which has its own Pasig Bus Service (PBS) operated by its City Transportation Development and Management Office (CTDMO). To assess and improve the PBS, a design thinking workshop was held with CTDMO and commuter representatives in creating an information exchange platform. Discussions from the workshop were subjected to thematic analysis and coding to determine the kind and frequency of policy capacities expressed. Challenges in conducting the workshop were also identified along with recommendations to ensure the effectiveness of co-design in improving policy capacities of participants and the agency involved.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"103 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1930689","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43320683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagining the future with citizens: participatory foresight and democratic policy design in Marcoussis, France","authors":"C. Gouache","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1930687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1930687","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The idea that the future is too serious and strategic to be discussed with people who are not “experts” is so commonly shared that citizens’ voices are lacking in most decision-making processes and future-oriented choices whether we look at political or research and innovation agendas. Yet, proofs to contradict this vision are now multiplying and can be found in a growing number of case studies and scientific publications. Citizens are proving not only to be legitimate actors to contribute to the future agenda-setting of local, national or European levels but also relevant and pertinent contributors. However, this practice of participatory agenda-setting—even though it is getting greater attention—remains relatively experimental, atypical and sporadic. The limits and drawbacks of citizen participation processes have already been highlighted in the literature but rather than calling this practice to an end it actually calls for more experimentation as the difficulties do not diminish the democratic need, legitimacy and value of such governance practices. Especially, since many western democracies are becoming very fragile. We will see in the preliminary part of this paper, the many challenges that undermine not only the functioning of democratic processes but also the citizens’ role and sense of agency in the governance of the society they live in, as well as the role of elected officials and experts regarding agenda-setting, then we will look into the lack of future thinking not only in the political sphere but also the educational and social practices, analyze the values of participatory processes and its potential limits and risks and finally review an experimental case of participatory foresight and policy design from the small town of Marcoussis (France) which successfully conducted a participatory agenda-setting experiment—and voted—after a 2 years-long process, their local agenda for the future together with its inhabitants, civil servants and elected officials. Marcoussis has engaged around 600 people (out of a population of 8000 inhabitants) in 25 moments, using very diverse methods and techniques (forum-theater, philosophy talks, market of ideas for the future, collective distillation) and setting the process in unusual and non-administrative contexts (entering into schools, ‘hacking’ their local popular festivals) to touch a very diverse set of citizens and gather as many contributions as possible. In this case analysis, we will inspect the preliminary conditions of how Marcoussis set up their participatory foresight and agenda-setting process, then review the creative tools and design methods that were experimented and finally, draw the lessons learned in terms of participatory agenda-setting processes and democratic innovations.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"66 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1930687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42056042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraints on policy learning: designing the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in Pennsylvania","authors":"A. Bell, D. Mallinson","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1928970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1928970","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Much policy diffusion and learning research examines macro-level patterns of policy spread. However, micro-level case studies can reveal nuances in how learning occurs, particularly when innovation originates within the executive branch, not the legislature. This case study of Pennsylvania’s effort to join the regional greenhouse gas initiative (RGGI) illuminates the legal constraints faced by administrators who must innovate within the bounds of existing authority. The study also shows that legal constraints can reduce an agency’s ability to maximize the political durability of major policy reform. The case yields insights for both policy designers and scholars of policy diffusion and learning.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"486 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1928970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46208806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenging role of policy labs in public sector organizations: designing for more responsive systems (or organizations)","authors":"Tamami Komatsu, Mariana Salgado, A. Deserti, F. Rizzo","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1917173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1917173","url":null,"abstract":"Design has emerged as a discipline equipped to tackle the complex problems of the 21st century, primarily for its human-centered and experimentation approach and participative qualities. Through th...","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1917173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60142164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and learning effects of China’s expert advisory committees1","authors":"Wei Li","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1915596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1915596","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Facing challenges of dealing with complex social and technical issues, Chinese government has sought to enhance social credibility of policy decisions by soliciting expert advice. One institutional approach to do so is to establish expert advisory committees (EACs). Based on an analysis of EACs established by China’s national government agencies, this paper finds low but increasing degrees of transparency and formalization, high degree of government control and relevance, low but increasing degree of inclusiveness and contestability. With more diversification and contestation of the societal interests and values, rising public demand for participation in decision-making and growing technical complexity of policy issues in China, the EACs’ advice has drawn upon more diverse types of knowledge, interests, and values. The study provides one of many learning mechanisms that account for the rapid economic development and social-political stability of the country witnessed by the world.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"465 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1915596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47404860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public deliberation and policy design","authors":"Alastair Stark, N. Thompson, G. Marston","doi":"10.1080/25741292.2021.1912906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2021.1912906","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract What role can deliberative democracy mechanisms perform in relation to policy design? This article reports findings from an experiment which was conducted to answer that question. The experiment brought together a random sample of the public who debated public policy questions online and face-to-face. Three key findings emerged. First, deliberative democracy mechanisms are different from more typical participatory policy design tools because they offer something more dynamic than a ‘snapshot’ of public opinion. Second, public deliberation can contribute evidence to policy analysis processes that is more considered because it emerges from a process of citizen sensemaking. Finally, unique forms of policy relevant data can be produced by analyzing the justifications that citizens use to convince others during policy deliberations. These findings suggest that allowing citizens to “talk policy” through deliberative democracy mechanisms can produce unique forms of policy knowledge.","PeriodicalId":20397,"journal":{"name":"Policy Design and Practice","volume":"4 1","pages":"452 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/25741292.2021.1912906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41503134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}