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引用次数: 1
摘要
摘要外部性和不确定性在监管政策的设计中发挥着重要作用。在选择监管工具时,必须考虑到受监管的产品或服务对其他个人和环境的副作用。本研究调查了基因组编辑(特别参考CRISPR技术)的使用所产生的外部性和不确定性,以及它们与监管政策设计选择的关系。基于基因组编辑监管的证据和北约(Nodality,Authority,Treasure and Organization)政策工具框架,本研究认为,需要多种监管工具来解决基因组编辑应用的外部性,并应对其有益、中性和有害副作用的不确定性来源。该研究为决策者提供了一些建议,以减少不确定性,随着时间的推移使监管工具多样化,并向公众宣传转基因产品的特点。
The role of externalities and uncertainty in policy design: evidence from the regulation of genome editing
Abstract Externalities and uncertainty play an important role in the design of regulatory policies. Regulatory tools must be selected while taking into consideration the side-effects that regulated products or services have on other individuals and on the environment. This study investigates the externalities and uncertainty that arise from the use of genome editing (with specific reference to CRISPR technique) and how they relate to regulatory policy design choices. Building on evidence from genome editing regulation and on the NATO (Nodality, Authority, Treasure and Organization) policy tools framework, this study argues that a mix of regulatory tools is required to tackle externalities of genome editing applications and to cope with sources of uncertainty about their beneficial, neutral and harmful side-effects. The study provides some recommendations to policy-makers about reducing uncertainty, diversifying regulatory tools over time, and communicating to the public about features of genetically edited products.