PM&R最新文献

{"title":"Limbs lost, lives changed: The unprecedented limb amputation crisis in Gaza.","authors":"Suzanne Abou-Diab, Sana Al Ani, Laura Hobart-Porter","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically in armed conflicts, traumatic amputations result in long-term impacts on individuals, healthcare systems, and society. Though amputations are not new, the ongoing conflict in Gaza has resulted in an unusually high number of amputations. The scale of conflict-related amputations in Gaza, accompanied by systemic barriers to acute and rehabilitative care, necessitates feasible rehabilitation-focused responses relevant to physiatrists and global health stakeholders. The World Health Organization documentation reflects between 3105 and 4050 amputations between January 10 and May 16, 2024. Ongoing data are limited due to infrastructure damage, but available estimates indicate a scale of limb loss that is disproportionately high compared with recent conflict settings. Gaza's population density, targeting of healthcare infrastructure and workers, and supply disruptions contribute to high levels of conflict-related limb loss. Further compounding these concerns, delays in care result in undesired outcomes with medical, economic, and social consequences. Though conflict-related amputations concern all age groups, the lifetime burden of care is particularly striking for pediatric amputees. Based on literature from high-resource settings, estimated costs are approximately $90,000 USD per limb for immediate healthcare needs and $500,000 USD for lifetime care. With 3578 estimated cases in Gaza in a period of four months, this translates to $322 million for immediate treatment costs and $1.79 billion in projected lifetime care. The scale of limb loss among all age groups in Gaza has resulted in long-term rehabilitative care needs within a severely resource-limited environment. Physiatrists' skill sets in rehabilitation-informed planning and coordination of international rehabilitation efforts uniquely position them to help. This article is structured as an international perspective synthesizing reports from humanitarian organizations, global health agencies, and published literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the accumulation of unhealthy lifestyle factors and musculoskeletal pain in older adults.","authors":"Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés, Carlos Cruz-Montecinos, Andrea Tur-Boned, Luis Suso-Martí, Andrea Fuenzalida-Palma, Lars Louis Andersen, Joaquín Calatayud","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although previous studies have examined individual lifestyle behaviors in chronic musculoskeletal pain outcomes, the cumulative impact of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether the accumulation of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, as measured by the LIFESTYLE-4 score, is associated with the intensity and distribution of musculoskeletal pain in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 older adults with chronic pain (83% women; mean age 69 ± 9.8 years). Lifestyle-related factors were assessed using validated instruments: physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), diet (Mediterranean diet score), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and stress (Perceived Stress Scale-4). The LIFESTYLE-4 score was constructed by assigning one point for each unfavorable factor (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score >5, Perceived Stress Scale-4 score > 8, physical activity <600 metabolic equivalent of task-min/wk, Mediterranean diet score <9). Pain intensity (numerical rating scale, 0-10) and pain distribution (regional vs. widespread) were the main outcomes. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, χ² tests, and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of variance showed significant differences in pain intensity between LIFESTYLE-4 score categories (F = 6.40, p = .004; ηp² = 0.06). Participants with the highest score reported greater pain compared to the low (mean difference = 1.80, p = .010) and medium (mean difference = 1.49, p = .011) groups. Logistic regression showed higher odds of severe pain in the high-score group (odds ratio = 10.5, 95% confidence interval 1.08-102.3). A χ² test revealed an association between LIFESTYLE-4 and the number of painful areas (χ² ₍₄₎ = 12.7, p = .013).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The accumulation of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors was associated with greater intensity and a wider distribution of musculoskeletal pain. These findings underscore the importance of multidomain lifestyle approaches in the prevention and treatment of pain among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue in men and women 3 and 12 months after ischemic stroke: Occurrence, severity, impact on functioning, and changes over time.","authors":"Sara Brycke, Anna Norlander, Erik Blennow Nordström, Arne G Lindgren, Christina Brogårdh","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although fatigue is common after stroke, there is limited knowledge about gender-specific differences, fatigue severity, impact on functioning, and how fatigue changes over time. With advanced stroke treatments and a higher proportion of mild strokes, updated knowledge about this condition is important.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the occurrence, severity, and impact of fatigue among men and women at 3 and 12 months after first-ever ischemic stroke, including changes over time and differences between the genders.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective observational design.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University hospital setting.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 268 persons (91 women) with first ever ischemic stroke (median age 73 years).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>The 10-item Swedish version of the Fatigue Assessment Scale (S-FAS) with scores ranging from 10 to 50; higher scores indicating more fatigue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly more women than men reported fatigue (ie, S-FAS scores ≥24) at 3 months (46% vs. 30%; p = .013) and 12 months (42% vs. 28%; p = .036). Moderate fatigue (S-FAS scores 24-35) was most common in both genders and at both time points. Fatigue had a similar negative impact on functioning in both men and women; the most frequent reported problems were being troubled by fatigue, getting tired very quickly, and doing few things during the day. Overall, total S-FAS scores decreased significantly between 3 and 12 months among both men (median 31 vs. 27, p = .037) and women (median 30 vs. 27, p = .007), although individual variations occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fatigue was common among people with first-ever ischemic stroke, particularly in women. Although fatigue decreased over the first year, both men and women struggled with persistent fatigue which impacted their functioning negatively. To provide person-centered interventions and reduce the burden of fatigue after stroke, clinicians should reassess not only the occurrence of fatigue but also its severity and consequences over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Creating and confirming observable professional activities (OPAs): A pilot study evaluating the feasibility of OPAs on a residency inpatient spinal cord injury rotation\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149040364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation as an ancillary treatment following nerve repair surgery.","authors":"Shyam Maisuria, Antonio Mondríguez-González, Texakalidis Pavlos, Kevin N Swong, Colin K Franz","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury severely degrades quality of life. Peripheral nerve stimulation (PN-Stim) is cleared by the U.S, Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. This broad indication supports its potential use at the time of peripheral nerve repair in patients reporting neuropathic pain preoperatively.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the safety and therapeutic effects of PN-Stim on neuropathic pain in patients with severe peripheral nerve injuries undergoing surgical nerve repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 16 consecutive patients 18 years and older who received PN-Stim implantation at the time of nerve repair surgery. Patients younger than 18 years of age, pregnant, and those without preoperative pain associated with nerve injury were excluded from our study. The primary outcome was pain score reduction, which was evaluated by Visual Analog Scale. The secondary outcomes included motor functional recovery and opioid usage, which were evaluated by manual muscle testing (MMT) and Morphine Milligram Equivalents quantification, respectively. Statistical analyses used paired two-tailed t-tests and Wilcoxon sign tests, contingent on data normalcy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain scores decreased significantly post-PN-Stim implantation (mean preplacement: 7.35, postplacement: 2.56; p < .05). MMT scores showed improvement in 13 patients, with 2 achieving the maximum MMT score (p < .05). Chronic opioid usage was observed to decrease in six of seven patients who were using them (p < .05). No significant adverse effects were seen after implantation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this case series of 16 patients with various peripheral nerve injuries who each underwent peripheral nerve repair surgery and concomitant placement of a temporary peripheral nerve stimulator, there were no adverse effects attributable to the peripheral nerve stimulator.</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group trends in posttraumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideation over the 10 years after traumatic brain injury among veterans/service members: A VA model systems study.","authors":"Bani Malhotra, Daniel W Klyce, Shannon B Juengst, Kelli G Talley, Jacob A Finn, Paul B Perrin","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify group-based patterns in suicidal ideation (SI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over the first 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Veterans and Service Members (V/SMs).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>V/SMs enrolled in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center (PRC) TBI Model Systems study who received inpatient rehabilitation at one of the VA's five PRCs.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A sample of 1057 V/SMs with TBI who completed at least one Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) item 9 (assessing suicidal ideation) and at least one PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) at follow-up over the 10-year interval.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to determine group-based patterns of covarying PTSD and SI, and demographics, injury characteristics, and prior suicide attempt were compared with analyses of variance and chi-squares.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Past 2-week SI was assessed using PHQ-9 item 9, and PTSD symptoms in the past month were assessed using PCL-C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three group-based patterns emerged: low PTSD-low SI (Cluster 1); high PTSD-low SI (Cluster 2); and high PTSD and SI (Cluster 3). The low PTSD-low SI group comprised 62.2% of the sample and had the lowest functional independence at discharge and higher education. The high PTSD-low SI included the most married V/SMs preinjury. The highest risk group of V/SMs with both high PTSD and SI exhibited greater preinjury mental health vulnerabilities, including a higher proportion of preinjury and past-year suicide attempts which persisted at 2-, 5-, and 10-year follow-ups. This cluster also had a greater history of combat deployments and a higher representation of V/SMs identifying as Asian.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings emphasize that PTSD plays a central role in the association with SI among V/SMs with TBI, highlighting the critical need of comprehensive mental health and suicide risk evaluation and treatment through chronic recovery after TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic uses of surface electromyography for rehabilitation: An emerging tool across clinical applications.","authors":"Stephanie H Vu, Jonathan Lutgens, Kathrine R Manolopoulos, Sonja Katt, Sarah M Smith, Aaron E Bunnell, Yusha Katie Liu","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface electromyography (EMG) is a noninvasive technology that detects voluntary muscle activation and has emerged as a valuable tool for neuromuscular assessment and rehabilitation. By using surface electrodes placed over targeted muscle groups, EMG enables the detection of muscle activity without the discomfort associated with invasive needle-based techniques, allowing for repeated and prolonged use across diverse patient populations. A key advantage of surface EMG is its ability to provide real-time biofeedback, enabling clinicians and patients to visualize muscle activation and adjust performance during therapeutic interventions. This capability supports individualized rehabilitation strategies aimed at both facilitating activation of weakened muscles and reducing unwanted muscle activity, such as co-contractions. The immediate feedback provided by EMG enhances patients' understanding of their own motor function, promoting greater motivation, engagement, and adherence to rehabilitation programs. Despite growing evidence supporting its effectiveness, adoption of surface EMG as a routine rehabilitation tool remains limited. This review summarizes the current state of surface EMG in rehabilitation, highlights established and emerging clinical applications, and examines barriers that have hindered broader integration into standard practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of the immersive virtual reality lateralized attention test for the assessment of unilateral spatial neglect following right hemispheric stroke.","authors":"Emily S Grattan, Grace Edwards, Laurel J Buxbaum","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70206","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pmrj.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a disabling syndrome that is prevalent following right hemisphere stroke. Clinicians must be able to identify the presence, characteristics, and severity of USN using psychometrically sound assessments. Virtual reality offers a standardized and rapid means of assessing for USN in a safe and controlled environment. Enabled by advances in technology, this study established the validity of a new, immersive version of a prior validated, reliable, and sensitive assessment tool, the Virtual Reality Lateralized Attention Test (VRLAT). This new version (VRLAT-2) is novel because it uses a head-mounted display to provide an immersive and more realistic experience where participants are free to turn their heads while participating.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the concurrent and discriminant validity of the immersive VRLAT-2 and to establish a preliminary cutoff score for determining USN.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Criterion standard.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Institutional laboratory.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>37 adults with right hemisphere stroke and 16 age-matched neurotypical individuals.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Not applicable.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>The primary outcome measure was the VRLAT-2. Additional outcome measures included the VRLAT-1, Catherine Bergego Scale, Behavioral Inattention Test, and Bells Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The VRLAT-2 demonstrated moderate concurrent and discriminant validity. In comparison to the VRLAT-1, it classified a numerically greater number of individuals as having USN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These preliminary and exploratory findings provide initial support for the validity of the VRLAT-2, though further validation studies are warranted. Additional research is needed to examine the psychometric properties of the VRLAT-2 with broader samples (eg, left hemisphere lesions, acute/subacute stroke).</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the causes and impact of pediatric complicated mild traumatic brain injuries.","authors":"Andrew D Kramer, Arianna B Lanpher, Matthew Mervis, Madison Koval, Zachary Jager, Masaru Teramoto, Michael M Green","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, with mild TBI (mTBI) accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Complicated mTBI (c-mTBI) is characterized by radiographic evidence of intracranial abnormalities and/or skull fractures. Understanding the etiology and epidemiological trends of c-mTBI in the pediatric population is crucial for prevention and management strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To fill gaps in current knowledge of pediatric c-mTBI, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes and targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-site, retrospective cohort study at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center, reviewing the cases of pediatric patients diagnosed with a c-mTBI from 2017 to 2023. Data were extracted from the institution's trauma registry, including demographic information, injury mechanism, imaging findings, length of hospital and intensive care unit stays, and surgical intervention frequencies. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the distribution of injuries by age, gender, mechanism, and temporal factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of those meeting inclusion criteria, 761 (59.6%) were male. The mean age was 6.2 years (SD = 5.7). The highest incidence of injury was in those <3 years old. Falls were the most common cause of injury when considering all ages, but sport-related injuries and motor vehicle accidents became more predominant in those 13 years and older. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.4 days, intensive care unit stays averaged 1.5 days. A total of 78% of cases involved skull fractures and 8.5% required neurosurgical intervention. There was a higher incidence of injury during summer months and evening hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric c-mTBI predominantly affects males and younger children, with falls as the leading cause across all age groups. As children age, sports-related injuries become more prevalent, with motor vehicle accidents contributing in adolescence. Seasonal and temporal patterns suggest targeted prevention strategies may reduce injury burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of septic arthritis following corticosteroid and platelet-rich plasma injections: A multicenter retrospective review.","authors":"Kory Ford, James Frazier, Anthony Beutler, Catherine Fairgrieve Appel, Daniel M Cushman","doi":"10.1002/pmrj.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Platelet-rich plasma injections (PRPI) are a relatively new and evolving treatment option for a variety of musculoskeletal injuries. It has been theorized that there is an increased risk of septic arthritis (SA) with PRPI, though there have been no dedicated studies to assess the incidence of SA and only three cases have been previously reported to the authors' knowledge. By comparison, corticosteroid injections (CSI) have been a widely used treatment for decades, with a well-established risk profile and a variably reported incidence of SA between 1 in 555 to 77,000 injections.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the incidence of SA after peripheral joint/bursa PRPI, specifically in comparison to CSI.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Case-Control Series.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Two large academic medical centers.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure(s): </strong>Incidence of SA, location of infection.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>All patients who underwent CSI or PRPI over the study timeframe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of electronic medical records was conducted to identify patients who underwent CSI and PRPI, with a subsequent encounter for a joint infection within 3-60 days of injection. Records were then reviewed by a physician to verify correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,067,498 total injections were identified in 366,541 patients: 1,053,953 CSIs in 358,079 patients and 13,545 PRPIs in 8462 patients. There were 69 confirmed cases of SA after CSI and one case of SA after PRPI. The incidence of SA after CSI and PRPI was 1 per 15,275 (95% CI 12,077-19,342) injections and 1 per 13,545 (95% CI 2392-76,923) injections, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to report the incidence of SA following peripheral joint/bursa PRPI. One case of SA after PRPI was identified. There is a low incidence of SA after both CSI and PRPI, consistent with previously published data for CSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":20354,"journal":{"name":"PM&R","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}