Preventive medicine最新文献

{"title":"Cigarette smoking and chronic disease in the United States, 2021-2023.","authors":"Karin A Kasza, Richard J O'Connor, K Michael Cummings, Martin C Mahoney","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify and describe the U.S. population of adults who smoke cigarettes daily and have chronic disease, determine their use of various products, and determine whether use of each product is associated with cigarette quitting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PATH Study data collected in 2021 (Wave 6) and 2022/23 (Wave 7) were analyzed. Participants were adults who smoked cigarettes daily ages 40+ who were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, congestive heart failure, heart attack, stroke, cancer, and/or diabetes as of 2021 (N = 1261). We determined in 2022/23 their past 12-month use of e-cigarettes, nicotine pouches, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and bupropion or varenicline; we evaluated whether use differed by several characteristics, and whether use was associated with cigarette quitting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among adults who smoked with chronic disease, 40 % were not recently advised by a clinician to quit smoking and 27 % did not plan to ever quit. Between 2021 and 2022/23, 16 % used e-cigarettes, 14 % used NRT, 8 % used bupropion or varenicline, 3 % used nicotine pouches. Overall, <6 % quit smoking in 2022/23; quit rates were higher for those who used e-cigarettes (9 %) and those who used NRTs (12 %) than those who did not use each respective product (5 % and 5 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are 9.9 million people with chronic disease who smoke cigarettes daily in the U.S; findings highlight opportunity for healthcare providers to enhance efforts to help people quit smoking, opportunity to improve low use rates of FDA-approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, and potential for e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability and receipt of the Papanicolaou test for cervical cancer screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hasmik Beglaryan ,&nbsp;Jayati Khattar ,&nbsp;Caroline Kassee ,&nbsp;Kathryn Barrett ,&nbsp;Susan E. Bronskill ,&nbsp;Aisha Lofters ,&nbsp;Hilary K. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To synthesize literature comparing Papanicolaou (Pap) test receipt between women with and without disabilities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched the following databases from inception to March 1, 2024: OVID Medline (1946–), EBSCO CINAHL Plus (1981–), OVID EMBASE (1974–), and OVID APA PsycINFO (1806–). Eligible studies were peer-reviewed and compared receipt of Pap tests in women with physical, hearing, vision, or intellectual/developmental disability versus those without disabilities. We extracted data using a standardized form; study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; and results were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses, where possible. Findings that could not be meta-analyzed were summarized following Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation was used to assess the strength of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1946 unique studies screened, 43 were included in the review, and 21 were meta-analyzed. Studies were primarily cross-sectional (65.1 %), used survey data (76.7 %), and were conducted in the United States (60.5 %). Quality was rated high (30.2 %), medium (55.8 %), and low (14.0 %). Women with disabilities had a lower likelihood of receiving a Pap test (adjusted pooled OR 0.78, 95 % CI: 0.66–0.91). Disparities were more pronounced among those with physical (adjusted pooled OR 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.68–0.80) and intellectual/developmental disabilities (adjusted ORs ranging from 0.21 to 0.37). The overall strength of evidence was low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Women with disabilities could benefit from efforts to improve cervical cancer screening receipt. Future studies should continue to explore this association, including using population-based data that may better capture the needs of this group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 108376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining US adolescent cigarette smoking prevalence by rurality and gender, 2002-2019.","authors":"Tyler G Erath, Fang Fang Chen, Michael DeSarno, Stephen T Higgins","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Examine changes in cigarette smoking prevalence among US adolescents by rural-urban residence, gender, and time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared trends in smoking prevalence by rural-urban residence and gender using 18 years of cross-sectional data (2002-2019) from 298,530 respondents aged 12-17 in the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The two primary outcomes were past-month and daily smoking prevalence. Weighted logistic regression models tested whether smoking prevalence varied by rural-urban residence, gender, and time along with two-way and three-way interactions of these variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Past-month and daily smoking declined over time for all four rural-urban residence and gender combinations. Regarding past-month smoking, there was a significant rural-urban residence by time interaction (p < .001) with higher prevalence and slower rates of decline among rural (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.86; 95 %CI = 0.85,0.87) versus urban participants (AOR = 0.83; 95 %CI = 0.82,0.84). A significant gender by time interaction (p < .001) was also observed. The rate of decline was faster among females (AOR = 0.82; 95 %CI = 0.81,0.83) versus males (AOR = 0.85; 95 %CI = 0.84,0.86) with prevalence initially higher (2002-2003) yet ending lower (2018-2019) among females. Regarding daily smoking, there was a significant rural-urban residence by time interaction (p = .005) with higher prevalence and slower rates of decline among rural (AOR = 0.82; 95 %CI = 0.80,0.85) versus urban participants (AOR = 0.79; 95 %CI = 0.78,0.80).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide novel evidence of shrinking yet persistent rural disparities in both past-month and daily smoking, and less declines in past-month smoking among males over time. Together, findings support continued need for tobacco control and regulatory efforts to reduce adolescent smoking and specific efforts to reduce rural and gender disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to commentary by Akhter et al. titled, \"Beyond biomarkers: Underexplored considerations in SREC trials for people with HIV who smoke\".","authors":"Patricia A Cioe, William V Lechner, Garrett S Stang, Christopher W Kahler, Karen T Tashima, Thomas Eissenberg, Jennifer W Tidey","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond biomarkers: Underexplored considerations in standardized research electronic cigarette trials for people with HIV who smoke.","authors":"Javeria Akhter, Javed Iqbal, Syed Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-centred design thinking as a co-creation process: A commentary","authors":"Vivian Romero ,&nbsp;Elise Rivera","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Co-creation, a collaborative process of engaging with stakeholders to define complex problems and design solutions that are contextually relevant to stakeholders' needs, has gained traction in public health and preventive medicine to address “wicked problems” through meaningful engagement with stakeholders. The way in which co-creation approaches are used and/or described in public health are not always entirely clear. How might we enhance co-creation processes to improve health? The objective of this commentary is to argue for the integration of human-centred design thinking (HCDT) to direct co-creation processes by defining its framework and use of empathetic perspectives and iterative problem framing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This commentary defines human-centred design thinking HCDT as a framework for co-creation with an emphasis on divergent and convergent thinking and introduces designer mindsets. The role of empathy and problem framing is explored using examples from the field.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This commentary argues for the added value of applying HCDT as an approach to co-creation in public health and provides tools associated with this process that can complement traditional co-creation processes, such as the Double Diamond model, HCDT field guides with detailed and established activities, “designerly ways of knowing”, empathy mapping, and problem reframing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>By integrating HCDT into co-creation processes, we can foster deeper empathetic responses and problem framing through collaboration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 108375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of very low nicotine cigarettes: Outcomes across social and demographic groups.","authors":"Ridwan J Said, Dana Mowls Carroll, Xianghua Luo, Jiayi Hu, Qing Cao, Katelyn M Tessier, Lorna Bittencourt, Dorothy K Hatsukami","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine whether the impact of a nicotine reduction standard (NRS) varies by socio-demographics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analysis of a 12-week trial (2018-2022) with 438 people who smoke (PWS) comparing very low nicotine content (VLNC) vs. normal nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes. Moderation by education, race, and age on cigarettes per day (CPD), smoke-free days, and biomarkers (CEMA, NNAL) was assessed using interaction models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For race and education, interaction tests for moderation were not significant (ps > 0.05). In subgroup analyses, VLNC condition reduced CPD and biomarkers and increased smoke-free days with the following exception: no difference in CEMA was observed by condition among those of lower education (Geometric mean ratio [GMR] = 0.72, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.39, 1.33). For age, multiple interaction tests were significant. In subgroup analyses, older but not younger adults, had no VLNC vs. NNC differences for CEMA (GMR: 0.85 [CI = 0.51, 1.41] vs 0.47 [CI = 0.35, 0.62]) or smoke-free days (rate ratio: 1.85 [CI = 0.63, 5.55] vs 5.85 [CI = 3.12, 10.89]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age and potentially education moderate NRS effects among PWS.</p><p><strong>Policy implications: </strong>Targeted support for older adults and those with lower education may maximize NRS benefits.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT03272685.</p>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between behavior cognition–social influence and pregnancy planning behavior in China: An integrated individual-couple analysis","authors":"Ruyu Sun ,&nbsp;Tingzhong Yang ,&nbsp;Menmen Wang ,&nbsp;Xinxin Ying ,&nbsp;Lu Li ,&nbsp;Weifang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Pregnancy planning is a critical opportunity to enhance preconception health. “Beiyun,” a culturally rooted concept in China, encompasses traditional and modern practices for preparing for pregnancy. This study used the comprehensive idea of “Beiyun” to examine the mechanisms of pregnancy planning behavior among women and men through an integrated individual-couple analysis based on the Behavior Cognition – Social Influence Theory.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using multistage stratified sampling, we recruited reproductive-aged individuals in Zhejiang, China between July and September 2023. A cross-sectional survey collected data on pregnancy planning behavior. Analyses were conducted at both individual (Study 1, all participants) and couple levels (Study 2, coupled participants) using path analysis, specifically employing the actor-partner interdependence model in Study 2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Study 1 included 1086 women and 905 men, with 57.6 % and 67.7 % reporting pregnancy planning, respectively. Study 2 comprised 458 heterosexual couples. At the individual level, perceived susceptibility (women: <em>β</em> = 0.09, <em>p</em> = 0.01; men: <em>β</em> = 0.09, <em>p</em> = 0.04) and behavioral norms (women: <em>β</em> = 0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01; men: <em>β</em> = 0.45, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) were significantly associated with planning behavior. Couple-level analysis revealed that women's pregnancy planning was associated with their perceived susceptibility (<em>β</em> = 0.13, <em>p</em> = 0.02), behavioral norms (<em>β</em> = 0.29, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and their partner's behavioral norms (<em>β</em> = 0.30, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), while men's behavior was associated with their norms (<em>β</em> = 0.35, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and partner's perceived susceptibility (<em>β</em> = 0.13, <em>p</em> = 0.03).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study yielded new insights into pregnancy planning behavior, highlighting the role of individual factors and partner dynamics. Future interventions should enhance risk awareness among women and shape behavioral norms in men, considering partner dynamics in public health campaigns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 108363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance with smoke-free policies in outdoor settings: a realist review","authors":"Sophie J.A. Jooren ,&nbsp;Heike H. Garritsen ,&nbsp;Sigrid Troelstra ,&nbsp;Willeke van Dijk ,&nbsp;Maria W.J. Jansen ,&nbsp;Marc C. Willemsen ,&nbsp;Jeroen Bommelé","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Although smoke-free outdoor environments are increasingly implemented to reduce adolescent smoking and de-normalize the behaviour, compliance is often low. To better understand compliance of people who smoke, we conducted a realist review.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A realist review, a type of literature review, uses existing evidence to make a program theory, outlining mechanisms and contexts, that provides an explanatory analysis of compliance of people who smoke with outdoor smoke-free environments. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO. Studies were included that had been published from January 1, 2000, to September 1, 2023. Twenty-five peer-reviewed English-language articles were included. Evidence was extracted about contexts and mechanisms that influence the compliance of smokers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compliance with smoke-free outdoor environments increases if people who smoke accept the policy, have sufficient knowledge and when the policy affects their motivation to quit smoking. However, these mechanisms may be hindered by feelings of people who smoke, such as low confidence in the policy's effectiveness and enforcement, feelings of stigma, and a lack of understanding. The context in which these environments are implemented, such as communication about the smoke-free policy, the stop-smoking facilities, the presence of ashtrays and designated smoking areas, and the size of the environment, influences mechanisms and compliance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>To increase acceptance and clarity of smoke-free policies, we recommend implementing smoke-free outdoor policies without designated smoking areas or ashtrays while actively promoting public awareness. To avoid stigmatisation, accessible cessation support is key. Lastly, proper enforcement training is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 108361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between life's essential 8 health behavior component score and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among U.S. adults with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3.","authors":"Yifei Wang, Tianshan Dong, Bin Wang, Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ypmed.2025.108360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between Life's Essential 8 (LE8) health behavior component score and mortality outcomes among individuals with Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stages 0-3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>8067 U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018, aged 30-79 years with CKM syndrome stages 0-3, were analyzed. Mortality status was obtained via linkage to the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariable Cox regression, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to examine associations between LE8 health behavior component score and mortality outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CKM stages were distributed as follows: 7.8 % (stage 0), 21.0 % (stage 1), 64.0 % (stage 2), and 7.3 % (stage 3). Higher LE8 total score and health behavior component score were linked to reduction in all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality risk. RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between LE8 total score, health behavior component score and mortality outcomes. Interaction between health behavior component score and CKM syndrome stages was identified for all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher LE8 health behavior component score is associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among population with CKM syndrome stages 0-3. These findings support the potential value of behavior-targeted interventions tailored to CKM syndrome stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":20339,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine","volume":" ","pages":"108360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}