Postepy biochemii最新文献

{"title":"Jim (James Devey) Watson - architekt podwójnej helisy  DNA.","authors":"Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka, Jan Barciszewski","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18388/pb.2021_641","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"413-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of DNA and RNA Methylation in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Drugs","authors":"Julia Pisarek, Marta Koblowska","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_637","DOIUrl":"10.18388/pb.2021_637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical modifications of DNA and RNA play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression, enabling precise control of cellular functions and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The most common modification in human DNA is cytosine methylation at the 5th position (5mC), while in RNA it is adenosine methylation at the N6 position (m⁶A), recognized as the predominant epitranscriptomic modification. Regulation of these modifications relies on the coordinated action of three groups of proteins: methyltransferases, demethylases, and reader proteins, which recognize modified nucleobases and recruit effector protein complexes, thereby translating the pattern of nucleic acid modifications into a specific biological response. Dysfunction of these protein groups leads to aberrant 5mC and m⁶A patterns, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of many human diseases, including cancer. Deregulation of DNA and RNA methylation affects, among others, the control of genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and genome stability, which may promote tumor progression; moreover, the dynamic and reversible nature of these modifications makes them attractive diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"383-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myokines as mediators of muscle communication – does muscle fiber type matter?","authors":"Małgorzata Zimowska","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_629","DOIUrl":"10.18388/pb.2021_629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue involved not only in mechanical functions but also in the regulation of metabolic and immune processes. It secretes signaling molecules known as myokines, which act in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine ways- affecting both muscle function and other tissues and organs. Well-known myokines include myostatin, IL-6, IL-15, FGF21, and irisin. They regulate muscle mass and strength, promote angiogenesis, maintain glucose and lipid homeostasis, and contribute to immune and anti-cancer responses. Their activity depends on physiological and pathological conditions at both local and systemic levels. Notably, myokine secretion varies with muscle fiber type, influencing their specific biological effects. Understanding how myokines are regulated and function may support the development of new therapies in regenerative medicine, oncology, and metabolic disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Methylation: Existence, Localization, and Function","authors":"Laura Łuczak, Katarzyna Tońska","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_632","DOIUrl":"10.18388/pb.2021_632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an intensively studied area of molecular biology. It includes cytosine methylation, whose mechanism of action in nuclear DNA is relatively well understood. This process is mediated by enzymes from the DNA methyltransferase family. Hydroxymethylation is, considered both an intermediate step in cytosine demethylation and a potentially independent mechanism of regulation of gene expression. Functional significance—and even the presence—of methylation within mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains a matter of debate.\u0000Accumulated evidence indicates that methylation and hydroxymethylation may play important role in mitochondria. Although epigenetic regulation of gene expression in mitochondria is not yet fully understood, the current state of knowledge suggests that it may influence proper cellular function and the pathogenesis of numerous diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"369-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of biochemical markers of myocardial dysfunction","authors":"Ewa Moric-Janiszewska","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_628","DOIUrl":"10.18388/pb.2021_628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite medical advances, heart disease is now the world's biggest health problem, with a sharp rise in deaths. The most dangerous and common of these are heart attack and heart failure, which can lead to acute coronary syndromes and are very dangerous. Research into biochemical markers of heart disease is being driven by the need for earlier diagnosis. Assumptions include the ability to detect these markers early on, their high specificity for the heart muscle, and the reliability of assay results. Cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides, which are already used as diagnostic tools, are crucial in diagnosing heart attacks and heart failure. ST-2 and h-FABP proteins show promise as diagnostic tools, but none of the markers discovered so far are ideal. The scientific literature on biomarkers of heart dysfunction highlights the concern among professionals. Research findings need further analysis. These solutions could transform global cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"281-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial D2 receptors agonists - pharmacological aspects, metabolism and use in the treatment of schizophrenia-related psychoses","authors":"Łukasz Grabowski, Magdalena Malczewska, Krystian Gronowski","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_626","DOIUrl":"10.18388/pb.2021_626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this article is to review selected information on the latest atypical antipsychotic drugs that are characterized by partial agonism of dopamine D2 receptors: brexpiprazole, aripiprazole, cariprazine and lumateperone. The paper discusses the localization and biochemical aspects of D2 receptors. A particularly important site for neuroleptic interactions is the ventral striatopallidal system and the structures comprising the mesocortical pathway, which, among other things, extends to the frontal lobes exhibiting various structural and functional abnormalities in schizophrenia. The symptomatic and syndromic profile of schizophrenia has been described, along with practical guidelines for clinicians. Both archaic psychopathological divisions (e.g., the dichotomy of positive and negative symptoms, primary and secondary symptoms) and contemporary divisions (ICD-11) were taken into account. Brexpiprazole, which is a quinoline derivative, is structurally very similar to aripiprazole. However, it has a slightly different psychopharmacological mechanism centred around lower dopaminergic activity, which translates into a lower risk of developing extrapyramidal symptoms and stronger serotonergic affinity, implying anxiolytic, antidepressant, and procognitive effects. Cariprazine, which is an N-alkylpiperazine, acts as an antagonist for serotonergic receptors and as an agonist for dopaminergic receptors. Studies indicate that, in addition to schizophrenia, it has satisfactory clinical effects in psychotic states in the elderly and agitation of various etiologies. Lumateperone (ITI-007) stands out from the other discussed in this paper drugs due to its modulation of the glutamatergic system. In the case of its mechanism of action, it is also referred to in scientific literature as a dopamine phosphoprotein modulator. Each of the listed here drugs has the potential to reduce positive (delusions, hallucinations) and negative (cognitive impairment, autism, the \"ambi\" group) symptoms. Their metabolism mainly involves the CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzymes. The use of the drugs analyzed in this paper is not limited to schizophrenia-related psychosis. They also achieve significant clinical effects in certain affective disorders (especially those with psychotic states) and neurodevelopmental units. The prospects for further research into new antipsychotic substances were highlighted, which are likely to focus on modulating the activity of the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"349-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laccase as a useful biotechnological tool in the synthesis of biologically active compounds","authors":"Jolanta Polak","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_624","DOIUrl":"10.18388/pb.2021_624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synthesis of organic compounds using oxidoreductive enzymes as biocatalysts is increasingly being considered as an environmentally friendly alternative to classical chemical synthesis. An example of such an enzyme, which exhibits low substrate specificity and operates under mild conditions of pH, pressure and temperature, is laccase, a versatile phenolic oxidase that uses oxygen as a natural reaction co-substrate. It can oxidise both phenolic derivatives and aromatic amines, which in homo- or heteromolecular reactions are coupled to form new organic compounds with unique properties and applications, also as biologically active molecules. Among the many bioactive substances obtained by biocatalysis, substances with antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities can be distinguished. Especially the latter are of great value in the context of the search for new therapeutic compounds that can overcome the phenomenon of bacterial drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"323-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders","authors":"Karolina Jankowska, Nikodem Świderski, Weronika Wójtowicz, Magdalena Iwan, Anna Bielecka-Wajdman","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_627","DOIUrl":"10.18388/pb.2021_627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders whose etiology involves complex interactions of environmental, genetic, and neurobiological factors. The developing knowledge regarding the genesis of this disorder, along with the increasing number of diagnosed cases, creates a need to search for more effective treatment methods. One potential complementary therapy is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Its potential mechanism of action in ASD is primarily associated with its anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of neuroplasticity, and a potential impact on oxidative stress levels. Current research shows that HBOT may improve certain behavioral and cognitive factors in individuals with ASD, such as speech, communication, and psychosocial functioning. However, these results are often inconsistent due to potential adverse effects of HBOT, such as barotrauma and oxygen toxicity. This article highlights the significance of HBOT in ASD based on available literature from experimental studies conducted between 2012 and 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"313-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological aspects of determining flavonoids in food products with cardioprotective potential – a review of HPLC conditions","authors":"Iwona Sergiel","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_625","DOIUrl":"10.18388/pb.2021_625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing interest in flavonoids as bioactive components of functional foods. Flavonoids are a broad group of natural polyphenolic compounds that perform many important biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and cardioprotective effects. Given the rising incidence of cardiovascular disease, consuming foods containing flavonoids as a preventive factor is particularly important. These compounds are primarily sourced from fruits such as chokeberry, blackcurrant, apples, hawthorn, lemons, and red grapes. Flavonoids with documented cardioprotective effects have been identified in these foods, including catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, apigenin, luteolin, naringenin, and hesperetin. Precise identification and characterization of flavonoids requires the use of appropriate analytical methods. High-performance liquid chromatography remains one of the most commonly used techniques in qualitative and quantitative analysis. The selection of extraction conditions and chromatographic parameters, such as column type, mobile phase, elution method, and detector, are crucial for ensuring selectivity and repeatability of determinations. The aim of this paper is to review the methodological aspects of flavonoid determination in selected food products used in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoid extraction methods and liquid chromatography conditions are summarized. The analyzed studies included plant materials in both fresh, freeze-dried, and frozen forms. Extracts were derived from whole plants, as well as from their flesh, peels, and leaves. This paper provides an overview of practical solutions and can be used to support planning quantitative flavonoid analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 4","pages":"339-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At the intersection of immunology and oncology: TAM receptors in the regulation of immune responses and tumorigenesis-related processes","authors":"Weronika Tokarska-Domżałowicz, Daria Zdżalik-Bielecka","doi":"10.18388/pb.2021_619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18388/pb.2021_619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (TYRO3, AXL, MER) and their ligands, protein S (PROS1) and growth inhibition-specific protein 6 (GAS6), play a key role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating the immune response through involvement in efferocytosis, i.e., phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells and suppression of the innate immune response. Thus, their dysfunction leads, among others, to the development of autoimmune diseases. In turn, excessive production of TAM receptors correlates with the invasive phenotype of cancer cells, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis for patients with cancer. Moreover, activation of these receptors contributes to the promotion of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and evading the immune response by cancer cells. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that these receptors are also involved in the cellular entry of viruses such as Zika or SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, in recent years, various therapeutic strategies targeting TAM receptors have been intensively developed, and their effectiveness has been assessed in numerous preclinical and clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20335,"journal":{"name":"Postepy biochemii","volume":"71 3","pages":"238-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}