Polymer Reviews最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Nanocellulose-A Sustainable and Efficient Nanofiller for Rubber Nanocomposites: From Reinforcement to Smart Soft Materials 纳米纤维素——一种可持续和高效的纳米填充剂,用于橡胶纳米复合材料:从增强剂到智能软材料
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2001004
Liming Cao, Jiarong Huang, Jianfeng Fan, Zhou Gong, Chuanhui Xu, Yukun Chen
{"title":"Nanocellulose-A Sustainable and Efficient Nanofiller for Rubber Nanocomposites: From Reinforcement to Smart Soft Materials","authors":"Liming Cao, Jiarong Huang, Jianfeng Fan, Zhou Gong, Chuanhui Xu, Yukun Chen","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.2001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.2001004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With increasing ecological and environmental concerns, the development of materials and products from renewable and sustainable resources is of great public value. Due to the renewability, abundance, and biodegradability, etc., nanocellulose have proven to be one of the most attractive and promising sustainable alternatives of modern and future times. Many exciting applications of nanocellulose have been explored, especially in the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites. As a particular class of polymer, here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current development of nanocellulose in rubber nanocomposites. In particular, this review assembles the use of nanocellulose as reinforcing phase in improving the mechanical and other properties of rubbers, as well as the efforts to improve the dispersion of nanocellulose in the matrix and enhance the interfacial interactions between them. The unique features of nanocellulose used in functional/stimuli-responsive rubbers, such as sensors, self-healing materials, and shape memory materials, as well as its utilization as bio-template agents by taking full advantage of its active surface and high aspect ratio are also discussed in this review. Finally, we evaluate the challenges encountered in current research and highlight future opportunities for the high-performance and tunable performances of nanocomposites composed of elastomers and nanocellulose. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":"549 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81984389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Internal plasticization of PVC PVC内塑化
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1986066
P. Skelly, Longbo Li, R. Braslau
{"title":"Internal plasticization of PVC","authors":"P. Skelly, Longbo Li, R. Braslau","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1986066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1986066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is among the most abundant plastics worldwide. Phthalates and other plasticizers—small molecules added to PVC to impart flexibility—have raised numerous health concerns due to their tendency to migrate out of PVC, where they can be ingested or contaminate the environment. Internal plasticization, in which a plasticizer is covalently bound to the PVC backbone, offers a solution to the problem of plasticizer migration. This comprehensive review covers the preparation of internally plasticized PVC in the literature. Strategies fall into three main categories: nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms on PVC; graft polymerization using plasticizing monomers, usually from defect sites in the PVC backbone; and copolymerization of vinyl chloride with monomers bearing plasticizing species. Minimizing cost and number of synthetic steps are important considerations when designing plasticizers for this large-scale commodity plastic.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"126 1","pages":"485 - 528"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79525026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Recent Advances in Modifications, Properties and Applications of 2-Isopropyl-2-Oxazoline (Co)Polymers 2-异丙基-2-恶唑啉(Co)聚合物的改性、性能及应用研究进展
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1993252
Natalia Oleszko-Torbus
{"title":"Recent Advances in Modifications, Properties and Applications of 2-Isopropyl-2-Oxazoline (Co)Polymers","authors":"Natalia Oleszko-Torbus","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1993252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1993252","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The homopolymer of 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline (iPrOx) and iPrOx copolymers are extensively studied in recent years, and the interest on them is still growing. Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx), known as thermoresponsive pseudopeptide, exhibits a phase transition in aqueous solution at a temperature near human body temperature and is nontoxic to many cell lines. These facts make this polymer potentially attractive for many bioapplications. PiPrOx is similar in chemical structure to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and is considered as the alternative to this so-called “gold standard” thermoresponsive polymer, however significant differences in properties of these two polymers are worth attention. To control the properties, that directly translate into application possibilities, iPrOx was copolymerized with a wide range of different monomers, and, optionally, the obtained copolymers have been variously modified. This review summarizes the few-years-back research accomplishments and progress in studies on PiPrOx and iPrOx-based copolymers. Considering the recent developments, the properties of iPrOx-based (co)polymers are shown, aiming at promoting their great potential in the biomedical field. Having gathered the information on modification possibilities, structure-property relationship and applications, especially in the biomedical field, a bit of speculation on the future prospects of iPrOx-based (co)polymers is given.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"135 1","pages":"529 - 548"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80484235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Polymer Substrate-Based Transition Metal Modified Electrospun Nanofibrous Materials: Current Trends in Functional Applications and Challenges 聚合物基过渡金属改性电纺丝纳米纤维材料:功能应用的最新趋势和挑战
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1972006
Deepika Sharma, B. Satapathy
{"title":"Polymer Substrate-Based Transition Metal Modified Electrospun Nanofibrous Materials: Current Trends in Functional Applications and Challenges","authors":"Deepika Sharma, B. Satapathy","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1972006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1972006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ongoing demand for the development of intelligent devices has greatly inspired the development of metallic nanostructure incorporated composite electrospun mats. The astounding characteristics of the metallic nanoparticle-loaded hybrid assemblies, such as antimicrobial, charge transfer, energy storage, etc., have been known to precisely contribute to the target applications with enhanced functional efficacy. In this review, the recent advances in the development of multifunctional transition metal-based electrospun nanofibrous materials (ENMs) for designing high-performance sensors, biomedical and electrochemical devices are discussed. The influence of various transition metals and their oxides on the physico-mechanical performance of various ENMs has been critically dealt with. Further, the currently employed fabrication techniques for designing ENM-based advanced engineered nanomaterials have also been thoroughly summarized. Finally, prospects on the future challenges in the development of ENMs are discussed. This review may provide insightful inspiration for designing, utilization, and performance enhancement for designing novel ENM-based devices. Thus, the review not only highlights the modern design principles and recent breakthroughs in emerging applications but also brings forth a fresh perspective for upcoming research in the field of transition metal-based ENMs.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":"439 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78617772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Branched Polymer Materials as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications 支链高分子材料在燃料电池质子交换膜中的应用
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1964524
S. Neelakandan, Li Wang, Boping Zhang, Jiangpeng Ni, Meishao Hu, Chunmei Gao, Wai-Yeung Wong, Lei Wang
{"title":"Branched Polymer Materials as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications","authors":"S. Neelakandan, Li Wang, Boping Zhang, Jiangpeng Ni, Meishao Hu, Chunmei Gao, Wai-Yeung Wong, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1964524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1964524","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent progress on branched polymer membranes as electrolyte materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications has attracted interest due to the limitations of commercially available Nafion® membranes. Branched polymer membranes have shown improved chemical stability, proton conductivity, and good solubility. The branching degree and the structure of the branching agent have an essential correlation with the characteristics of the polymer membranes. This review presents the most recent and promising design strategies and characteristics of branched polymers as proton exchange membranes for both low- and high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Recent advances in branched polymers are summarized, including branched sulfonated poly(aryl ether)s, branched sulfonated polyimides, branched polybenzimidazoles, etc. The remaining challenges and prospects in proton exchange membranes are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"272 1","pages":"261 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76425957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
pH-Responsive Electrospun Nanofibers and Their Applications ph响应电纺丝纳米纤维及其应用
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1939372
Jean Schoeller, Fabian Itel, K. Wuertz-Kozak, G. Fortunato, R. M. Rossi
{"title":"pH-Responsive Electrospun Nanofibers and Their Applications","authors":"Jean Schoeller, Fabian Itel, K. Wuertz-Kozak, G. Fortunato, R. M. Rossi","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1939372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1939372","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Electrospun nanofibrous membranes offer superior properties over other polymeric membranes not only due to their high membrane porosity but also due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. A plethora of available polymers and post-modification methods allow the incorporation of \"smart\" responsiveness in fiber membranes. The pH-responsive property is achieved using polymers from the class of polyelectrolytes, which contain pH-dependent functional groups on their polymeric backbone. Electrospinning macroscopic membranes using polyelectrolytes earned considerable interest for biomedical and environmental applications due to the possibility to trigger chemical and physical changes of the membrane (swelling, wettability, degradation) in response to environmental pH-changes. Here, we review recent advancements in the field of electrospinning of pH-responsive nanofiber materials. Starting with the chemical background of pH-responsive polymers at the molecular level, we highlight the material-property transformation upon pH-change at the macroscopic membrane level and, finally, we provide an overview of recent applications of pH-responsive fiber membranes.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"31 1","pages":"351 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73572585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Design and Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymeric Materials from Norbornene Derivatives 降冰片烯衍生物多孔有机高分子材料的设计与合成
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1933026
D. Alentiev, M. Bermeshev
{"title":"Design and Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymeric Materials from Norbornene Derivatives","authors":"D. Alentiev, M. Bermeshev","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1933026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1933026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The interest in porous organic materials derived from norbornenes is driven by versatile chemistry of norbornenes, fine-tunable structure of these polymers, high accessible surface area, and large free volume of polynorbornenes for technical applications in adsorption, membrane separation, gas storage, and heterogeneous catalysis. This comprehensive review surveys recent research trends in the development of porous polynorbornenes. A rational design was achieved in metathesis, addition, and CANAL polymers as an extension of the modular strategy using norbornene motifs as building blocks. Tuning the structure of norbornene-containing monomer units allowed obtaining high-free-volume polymers with apparent Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas up to 1000 m2/g that made these materials promising for various engineering applications such as membrane gas separation, gas sorbents, CO2 capture, scaffolds to support catalysts, or reagents for catalysis. The synthesis and porous characteristics of polynorbornenes are presented along with the discussion of correlations between the chemical structure of these materials and their porous structures. Possible important applications of porous polynorbornenes are also emphasized.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"132 1","pages":"400 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85609182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Nanoscale Strategies to Enhance the Energy Storage Capacity of Polymeric Dielectric Capacitors: Review of Recent Advances 提高聚合物介质电容器储能能力的纳米策略:最新进展综述
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1917609
Maninderjeet Singh, Ikeoluwa E. Apata, Saumil Samant, Wenjie Wu, Bhausaheb V. Tawade, N. Pradhan, D. Raghavan, Asad Karim
{"title":"Nanoscale Strategies to Enhance the Energy Storage Capacity of Polymeric Dielectric Capacitors: Review of Recent Advances","authors":"Maninderjeet Singh, Ikeoluwa E. Apata, Saumil Samant, Wenjie Wu, Bhausaheb V. Tawade, N. Pradhan, D. Raghavan, Asad Karim","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1917609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1917609","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review provides a detailed overview of the latest developments using nanoscale strategies in the field of polymeric and polymer nanocomposite materials for emerging dielectric capacitor-based energy storage applications. Among the various energy storage devices, solid-state dielectric capacitors possess the advantage of high-power density which makes them highly attractive for pulsed power applications. Polymers are particularly suitable for dielectric energy storage applications because of their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss, formability, self-healing capability, flexibility, solvent processability, and graceful breakdown failure. Strategies to enhance the dielectric breakdown strength of polymeric dielectric capacitors are emphasized in this review. General background on breakdown mechanism, breakdown characteristics, and factors influencing polymer dielectrics breakdown are introduced. Given that polymers have low permittivity, strategies to substantially enhance dipole mobility and hence the permittivity, are highlighted. We discuss strategies to address permittivity contrast between nanofillers and the polymer matrix including the potential for developing gradient permittivity structured nanofillers. To improve the compatibility of nanofiller with polymer and minimize nanofiller aggregation, different routes to surface functionalize nanoparticles are presented. An outlook and future perspectives section are provided for the design of high energy density polymer film capacitors.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"149 1","pages":"211 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79442795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
A Review on Multifunctional Epoxy-Based Joncryl® ADR Chain Extended Thermoplastics 多功能环氧基Joncryl®ADR增链热塑性塑料的研究进展
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1918710
T. Standau, M. Nofar, D. Dörr, H. Ruckdäschel, V. Altstädt
{"title":"A Review on Multifunctional Epoxy-Based Joncryl® ADR Chain Extended Thermoplastics","authors":"T. Standau, M. Nofar, D. Dörr, H. Ruckdäschel, V. Altstädt","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1918710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1918710","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reactive additives allow to adapt the properties of thermoplastic polymers during processing and for their later use. The chemical modification using multifunctional epoxide styrene-acrylic chain extenders (CE) in reactive processes is by now an established method to prevent degradation and to improve the process ability as well as the final properties of thermoplastics. One of the most common representatives of these CE is better known under its trade name Joncryl®. Since several years ago, Joncryl® ADR owes an ever-growing importance in industry and academia. It can be applied as reactive melt modifier for numerous polymers, mainly polyesters, where it largely affects the rheological properties and the thermal behavior. This review focuses on the reactive behavior of Joncryl® ADR as well as the induced changes in the rheological behavior of the polymers caused by this modification. The Joncryl® ADR incorporation leads to an increased shear viscosity, a higher melt strength and induces strain hardening due to the formation of branched chains and/or even crosslinking. The crystallization is also directly influenced by the changed chain topology. Eventually, this review article extensively addresses the benefits of using Joncryl® for processing such as stabilization, recycling, foaming, and polymer blending. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"222 1","pages":"296 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73158164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
HEMA in Polymers with Thermoresponsive Properties 具有热响应特性的聚合物中的HEMA
IF 13.1 2区 化学
Polymer Reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.1896542
Maciej Kasprów, Daria Lipowska-Kur, Łukasz Otulakowski, A. Dworak, B. Trzebicka
{"title":"HEMA in Polymers with Thermoresponsive Properties","authors":"Maciej Kasprów, Daria Lipowska-Kur, Łukasz Otulakowski, A. Dworak, B. Trzebicka","doi":"10.1080/15583724.2021.1896542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2021.1896542","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review presents the current state-of-knowledge concerning thermoresponsive copolymers containing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The thermoresponsive copolymers based on HEMA, HEMA derivatives, and copolymers with modified HEMA units in the chain studied so far are presented. Information about their transition temperature in dilute water or buffer solution and the influence of various factors on their thermoresponsive properties described so far in the literature are reported. The research of the aggregation of HEMA containing thermoresponsive chains concern the morphology and size of nanoparticles formed upon heating. Using the available data, we tried to expose the impact of HEMA content in thermoresponsive chains on thermal properties of the copolymers. Modifications of the HEMA hydroxyl groups led to of thermoresponsive macromolecules with various structures and topologies. New functionality introduced by modification improves properties (stability, biocompatibility, and others) of the polymers and their aggregates. Thermal aggregation of HEMA-based copolymers allowing for the creation of carriers of biologically active substances, we presented in a separate part of the review. The works discussed in the review show significant possibilities for using HEMA in obtaining thermoresponsive polymer materials for medical applications.","PeriodicalId":20326,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"714 - 735"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79151542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信