PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The economics of dependence: A theory of relativity","authors":"H. Friederiszick, Steffen Reinhold","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3945672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3945672","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of countries have introduced some form of prohibition of abuses of economic dependence or broadened the scope of their existing legislation. Yet, very little has been written on the economics of economic dependence, that is on economic reasoning, tools or metrics that can be relied upon to identify whether a company is economically dependent on another company. The present paper aims to fill this gap, and argues that bargaining theory and the economics of relative market power can be helpful to characterise economic dependence. We summarise a number of takeaways from this literature, and describe empirical strategies that can be relied upon to try and quantify economic dependence in specific cases.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127341392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¿Más dinero es más desarrollo municipal? El caso de Colombia (Does More Money Intend More Economic Development? The Case of Colombia)","authors":"Juan David Yépez Torrijos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3919835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3919835","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: En Colombia ha surgido una política con el acto legislativo no. 4 del 2007, donde se otorga un dinero extra para los municipios con menos de 25.000 habitantes por medio del SGP, al rubro de participación de propósito general. Este ingreso se distribuye por conceptos de pobreza y de ruralidad en el municipio. Partiendo de lo anterior, se construye un espacio ideal para el análisis de impacto, ya que la política permite abordar la idea de la asignación como un proceso cuasi aleatorio de experimentación. Entonces, por medio de la regresión discontinua, se analizó la relación que tiene esta política en el PIB (y sus derivados) en los municipios seleccionados por la política, tomando desde el 2008 hasta el 2017. Los resultados indicaron que no había nexo entre la política y el desarrollo municipal aun usando diferentes especificaciones y variables de resultado. English Abstract: In Colombia a policy has emerged with the legislative Act No. 4 of 2007, where extra money is granted to municipalities with less than 25,000 inhabitants through the SGP, under the heading of general-purpose participation. This income is distributed by concepts of poverty and rurality in the municipality. Based on the above, an ideal scenario for impact analysis is established, since the policy makes it possible to approach the idea of allocation as a quasi-random process of experimentation. Then, by using Regression Discontinuity Design, this paper estimates the relationship that this policy has on GDP (and its derivatives) in the municipalities selected by the policy, taking from 2008 to 2017. The results indicated there was no nexus between the policy and municipal development even using different specifications and outcome variables.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128711491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty - A Simple Approach to Eradicate it","authors":"V. Subramaniam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3892244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3892244","url":null,"abstract":"A Country is a predefined territory, where people live along with the nature and other living species (Botanical, Marine, Zoological etc.…). A Nation is the same as a Country, but with registered and identified group of people as the citizens. Each living group in a nation is identified as a Household. Poverty is the inability to buy the Basic Needs by a Household, and save a reasonable money, irrespective of their earnings per month. It includes all the citizens in a nation, from Rich to Poor. Saving is the local money value of the Arithmetic difference between the monthly earnings of a household (Husband+Wife+Children), AND the Cost of monthly Basic Needs for them. Basic needs are the Cost of Food, Shelter and Clothing for each Household. Irrespective of the monthly earning of any household, if the Cost of monthly Basic needs are lower, then there is a saving. It is the joint and coordinated responsibility of the administrative heads of the Rural, Urban, Thaluk, District, State and the Central Government in every nation to ensure that every Household has a reasonable savings per month. A nation where the households, irrespective of their Economic bracket (Rich or Poor), lead a satisfied life and make a reasonable saving in every month, is a Developed nation. A nation where the lead an unsatisfied life and do not make a reasonable saving in every month is a Developing nation. A nation where the Basic needs are not available to meet the monthly requirements of the households OR the costs of Basic Needs are very high, is an under developed nation. Population is an asset as a productive work force. It is a liability, if lethargic and nonproductive. National administration should be divided from top to bottom with a full employment approach, through integrated Training and Development infrastructure. A Household is a Father, Mother and 2 children. Each administrative head should identify every Household, and provide a “Living card”. This card should have the estimated monthly income, value of reasonable basic needs (Vegetarian food + 4 sets of clothing and applicable rent value per year divided into month) for each Household. Households with monthly income less than the total monthly value of basic needs should be marked as “P” for poor. Each administrative head should attempt to reduce and eradicate the Poor category. This is a direct bottom level approach to eradicate poverty. Induction of savings through Cost reduction of Basic needs is a planned management approach. Effective management of Man Power, Materials and Techno-Commercial Infrastructure is a Macro level approach. All these lead to savings at Household level. Domestic savings is a source for Domestic investment to direct the nation towards accelerated Development.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128326596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Planning as a Tool for Regional Development","authors":"O. Mamina, O. Belyaeva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3871091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3871091","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the strategic planning tool used in Russia to overcome the socio-economic inequality of the regions. The authors analyzed the regulatory framework governing the planning of regional development. The role of targeted programs in the development of Russian regions is determined.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123378520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control, Sufficiency, and Social Support Lessons from Low-income Canadians about Financial Wellbeing","authors":"Jerry Buckland, Leah Wilson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3803638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3803638","url":null,"abstract":"This report, Control, Sufficiency, and Social Support: Lessons from Low-income Canadians about Financial Wellbeing, examines how diary participants achieve the financial wellbeing that they have. The evidence we found is that low-income people work very hard to manage their finances. They endeavor to control their finances so that, as one participant said, their finances don’t control them. They must prioritize needs and wants because there is not enough for both. One participant talked about her goal of having a ‘little bit more’ than her needs so that there was a little extra for savings or small purchases or trips. Finally, we saw that family and friends are terribly important for achieving financial wellbeing because social supports can provide loans, gifts, and emotional support. Having a low-income means that banks offer few financial supports. Of course, family and friends also make demands.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133757539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty in British Columbia: Income Thresholds, Trends, Rates, and Depths of Poverty","authors":"Gillian Petit, Lindsay M. Tedds","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3726708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3726708","url":null,"abstract":"We present and assess extensive statistics regarding poverty rates and depths for Vancouver, B.C., and Canada. We show that not only are single adults in B.C. the most likely to experience poverty, but they also experience the deepest level of poverty. Both single adults and single parents who are younger (i.e., ages 18–24) are more likely to be in poverty and are deeper in poverty than single older persons (i.e., 65+) or those who live as couples. These poverty rates and depths of poverty remain high for single adults and single parents as they get older (i.e., ages 26–65), at which point the depth of poverty decreases. Lastly, poverty tends to be experienced at higher levels by women than by men when conditioning on family type. For these reasons, B.C. government will have to consider these groups in reforms focused on addressing poverty reduction targets.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117102776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shall a Means-Tested Basic Income Substitute Traditional Welfare?","authors":"M. Strawczynski, O. Tirosh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3620139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3620139","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time in modern history Spain adopted in 2020 a means-tested basic income. Using Saez and Stantcheva (2016) approach to social welfare, we test whether this policy is optimal within the well-documented event of gradual replacement of unskilled workers by machines. This policy is compared to traditional welfare, represented by an optimal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). We find that for a liberal social planner, who includes consumption and leisure in individual's utility, a means-tested basic income dominates traditional welfare. For a conservative social planner, who evaluates social welfare by looking only at individual's utility from consumption, traditional welfare dominates a means-tested basic income. However, if we allow for dynamic effects which account for the effects of the EITC on labor supply, traditional welfare dominates the means-tested basic income for both types of social planner. A remarkable result is that for both types of social planner government's role for redistribution substantially rises as machines replace workers.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114777148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Inclusion Through MGNREGS: Problems and Prospects","authors":"Abdul Azeez Np","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3523078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3523078","url":null,"abstract":"Access to finance for those belonging to poor and vulnerable groups is a prerequisite for poverty reduction and social cohesion which become an integral part of our efforts to promote inclusive growth. In fact, providing access to finance is a form of empowerment of the vulnerable groups. MGNREGA, the flagship programme of the UPA government, was revolutionary in its promise of inclusive growth and financial inclusion, the right to work and the dignity of labour and a rational, participatory relationship with the State. While the importance of financial inclusion is widely recognized, the literature lacks a comprehensive measure that can be used to measure the extent of financial inclusion across economies. This paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing an index of financial inclusion (IFI) through MGNREGS. The IFI is a multi-dimensional index that captures information on various dimensions of financial inclusion in one single digit lying between 0 and 1, where 0 denotes complete financial exclusion and 1 indicates complete financial inclusion in an economy. The proposed index is easy to compute and is comparable across states. This paper also attempts to analyse various methods of wage payment systems of MGNREGS.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121221954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal Basic Income: Is it a Good Idea?","authors":"S. Davies","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3852056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3852056","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) is heavily discussed in the UK, with support and opposition from several parts of the political spectrum. This idea has been around for a long time and was first formulated more than two centuries ago. There have been several times when it has attracted attention over that timespan, and these bouts of interest typically coincide with a specific and recurring combination of circumstances. The current wave of interest began about three to four years ago, in the aftermath of austerity, and is now coming to a peak with serious prospects for some form of UBI being adopted as the official policy of more than one political party. Interestingly, the idea has support from both left and right but also attracts hostility and criticism from both sides, with some of the most trenchant criticism coming from the left. In discussing the idea of a UBI it is very important to be clear as to what it is that we are talking about, as several similar but ultimately different kinds of proposal are often grouped under the same umbrella term. A survey of the proposals currently put forward in the UK, and of the responses to them, reveals both a mixture of motives behind the advocacy of such schemes and the serious problems, both practical and principled, that they pose. On the left, such suggestions are frequently contrasted with a rival kind of proposal, that of Universal Basic Services (UBS), which is in many ways a revival of a much older tradition of socialist thought, but there is no such clear alternative on offer from the free-market side.<br>","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"17 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131235587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Changing Geography of Homelessness: A Spatial Analysis From 2001 to 2016","authors":"S. Parkinson, Deb Batterham, Margaret Reynolds, G. Wood","doi":"10.18408/AHURI-5119601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18408/AHURI-5119601","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the changing geography of homelessness. It outlines the extent to which homelessness has become more spatially concentrated over time; where it has risen and fallen; and the importance that housing affordability, poverty and labour market opportunities play in reshaping its distribution.","PeriodicalId":202927,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Poverty (Social) (Topic)","volume":"690 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122980544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}