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Reactive oligourethanes and network polymers based on incompatible oligomers 反应性低聚脲和基于不相容低聚物的网状聚合物
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90246-M
L.S. Sheinina, R.A. Veselovskii, L.A. Markozskaya, V.V. Davidenko
{"title":"Reactive oligourethanes and network polymers based on incompatible oligomers","authors":"L.S. Sheinina,&nbsp;R.A. Veselovskii,&nbsp;L.A. Markozskaya,&nbsp;V.V. Davidenko","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90246-M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90246-M","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Properties of oligourethanes with isocyanate endgroups were investigated. The samples were prepared from blends of incompatible trifunctional oligomers, i.e. an oligoether and an oligoester, and network polymers obtained on curing these oligomers with atmospheric moisture. The oligourethanes under study were self-stabilizing emulsions in which the number of dispersed particles per unit volume is a linear function of the oligoester-based component. Rheological properties of the samples and the kinetics of the thin-layer cure are typical for heterophase systems having a developed interface. The polymers studied are polyurethaneureas and their morphology after the curing process has been investigated. It was found that regular ordering of their micro-structure takes place as the content of the oligoester-based component increases, which is in agreement with increase in the strength of adhesive joints based on the polyurethaneureas under review.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 3","pages":"Pages 473-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90246-M","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91740800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Thermodynamics of infinitely dilute solutions of styrene in butadiene-styrene latexes 丁二烯-苯乙烯乳液中苯乙烯无限稀溶液的热力学
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90225-F
A.P. Voznyakovskii, A.N. Genkin, O.S. Chechik, N.A. Petrova, V.G. Moiseyeva
{"title":"Thermodynamics of infinitely dilute solutions of styrene in butadiene-styrene latexes","authors":"A.P. Voznyakovskii,&nbsp;A.N. Genkin,&nbsp;O.S. Chechik,&nbsp;N.A. Petrova,&nbsp;V.G. Moiseyeva","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90225-F","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90225-F","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thermodynamics of some infinitely dilute solutions of styrene in a series of commercial butadiene-styrene latexes (BS-30, BS-65, and BS-85) are studied by a GLC method. Chromatographic packings were prepared containing a polymer phase of latexes as the immobile phase, suitable also for polymer phases having a significant content of gel fraction. Thermodynamic functions for the dissolution of styrene in latexes in the 30–80°C temperature range are calculated. It is established that a supermolecular structure appears, in which the content of styrene units in the copolymer is increased to 85 wt%. Theoretical equations are obtained which provide a means for establishing the limiting (with respect to toxicity and explosion hazards) attainable concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons in the latexes from the chromatographic data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1184-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90225-F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82735451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anomalous relaxation times of the polymer chain in the grafted monolayer 接枝单层中聚合物链的反常松弛时间
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90037-Q
A.M. Skvortsov, L.I. Klushin, Yu.Ya. Gotlib
{"title":"Anomalous relaxation times of the polymer chain in the grafted monolayer","authors":"A.M. Skvortsov,&nbsp;L.I. Klushin,&nbsp;Yu.Ya. Gotlib","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90037-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90037-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dynamic characteristics of polymer chains grafted on to a flat inert surface and forming a monolayer are reviewed. For the chain in the monolayer the dependence of the times of large-scale movements in the direction perpendicular to the plane of grafting on the MM has the form <em>τ</em> ∼ <em>N</em><sup>3</sup>, persisting with change in the grafting density and the quality of the solvent. The relations obtained are compared with the results of modelling monolayers by Brownian dynamics. The anomalous relaxation times of the chain in the monolayer are linked with the critical slowing close to the point of the coil-elongated chain phase transition. The equilibrium and dynamic behaviour of short impurity chains inserted into the monodisperse monolayer is examined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 8","pages":"Pages 1534-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90037-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78387319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Kinetic features of the emulsion homo- and copolymerization of certain water soluble polymers 某些水溶性聚合物乳液同聚共聚的动力学特征
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90224-E
N.V. Kozhevnikov , M.D. Goldfein , B.A. Zyubin , A.V. Trubnikov
{"title":"Kinetic features of the emulsion homo- and copolymerization of certain water soluble polymers","authors":"N.V. Kozhevnikov ,&nbsp;M.D. Goldfein ,&nbsp;B.A. Zyubin ,&nbsp;A.V. Trubnikov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90224-E","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90224-E","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The kinetics and mechanism of the emulsion homo- and copolymerization of methacrylate with the amides of acrylic and methacrylic acids are studied. The observed differences in the copolymerization constants for the emulsion process compared with reaction in solution are due to the changes in the concentrations of the comonomers in the reaction zone. Acrylamide has an insignificant effect on the rate of emulsion polymerization, and methacrylamide decreases it because of slowing down of the reaction in the aqueous phase. The nucleation of monomer-polymer particles is achieved by different mechanisms, the ratio between which depends on the presence of water-soluble comonomers and the initiation rate. Over a specific range of ammonium persulphate concentrations several radicals can coexist in the latex particles, and a gel effect arises. These features of the reaction lead to a situation where the kinetic orders with respect to the emulsifier and initiator depend on the polymerization conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 6","pages":"Pages 1175-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90224-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81130544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mechanism of photoinitiated radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of benzyldithiocarbamate iniferter 二硫代氨基甲酸苄酯杂化物存在下苯乙烯光引发自由基聚合的机理
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90104-X
M.Yu. Zaremskii, A.V. Olenin, Ye.S. Garina, S.I. Kuchanov, V.B. Golubev, V.A. Kabanov
{"title":"Mechanism of photoinitiated radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of benzyldithiocarbamate iniferter","authors":"M.Yu. Zaremskii,&nbsp;A.V. Olenin,&nbsp;Ye.S. Garina,&nbsp;S.I. Kuchanov,&nbsp;V.B. Golubev,&nbsp;V.A. Kabanov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90104-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90104-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The kinetics and mechanism of radical polymerization with participation of iniferter is studied using the styrene-<em>S</em>-benzyl-<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-diethyldithiocarbamate system as an example. The identity of the photocomposition of <em>S</em>-benzyl-<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-diethyldithiocarbamate and polystyrene macroiniferter is demonstrated by an ESR method, and the special features of the transformation of the molecular mass distribution during polymerization are revealed by means of GPC. It is shown that polymerization is characterized by the absence of bimolecular termination of the growing macroradicals and a stepped mechanism of the chain propagation reaction. The experimental data are in good agreement with our previously proposed general kinetic scheme for radical polymerization with the participation of iniferter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 10","pages":"Pages 2036-2045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90104-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81658124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effect of drawing conditions on structural parameters of crazes in crystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) 拉伸条件对结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙酯结构参数的影响
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90260-W
A.V. Efimov, V.Yu. Shcherba, N.F. Bakeyev
{"title":"Effect of drawing conditions on structural parameters of crazes in crystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate)","authors":"A.V. Efimov,&nbsp;V.Yu. Shcherba,&nbsp;N.F. Bakeyev","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90260-W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90260-W","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small angle X-ray scattering was used to investigate the structure of crazes formed in semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) drawn in air or in hexadecane at different temperatures. The degree of disperity of the fibrillar material inside the crazes depends both on the crazing stress and the specific surface energy of the boundary between the polymer and the surrounding medium. The dependence of the diameter of fibrils on deformation conditions agrees with the model of an unstable meniscus, developed for describing the mechanism of craze propagation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 3","pages":"Pages 568-574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90260-W","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91740592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A study of the effect of the liquid crystalline state on the conformational structure of macromolecules 液晶状态对大分子构象结构影响的研究
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90262-O
S.V. Shilov, T.M. Birshtein, B.Z. Volchek, A.N. Goryunov
{"title":"A study of the effect of the liquid crystalline state on the conformational structure of macromolecules","authors":"S.V. Shilov,&nbsp;T.M. Birshtein,&nbsp;B.Z. Volchek,&nbsp;A.N. Goryunov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90262-O","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90262-O","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In terms of the rotational-isomeric state approximation, the conformations of the flexible spacer and the mean order parameters of the spacer and of the mesogenic fragment were calculated for LC-polyesters with mesogenic fragments and spacers in the main chain. A comparison of the results with IR-spectroscopic data and X-ray structural analysis indicates that both the monomeric units, and the macromolecules as a whole, exist in a considerably extended state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 3","pages":"Pages 581-589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90262-O","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91740593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermoluminescence of polymers irradiated at room temperature and at high pressure 聚合物在室温和高压下的热释光
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90239-M
V.A. Aulov
{"title":"Thermoluminescence of polymers irradiated at room temperature and at high pressure","authors":"V.A. Aulov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90239-M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90239-M","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of pressure to 2.3 GPa on the thermoluminescence of PE, PP and PTFE irradiated at room temperature has been studied. Thermoluminescence of the polymers irradiated without pressure is represented by a weak glow above 300 K with a maximum at 333–350 K. Irradiation under pressure raises the intensity and lowers the temperature of this maximum. Shift of the maximum continues until it reaches the position of the phase or relaxational transition (∼300 K for PTFE, 255 K for PP and 225 K for PE) after which the temperature of the maximum does not change but its intensity begins to drop. With rise in pressure the initial portion of the thermoluminescence curve continues to shift to low temperatures leading to the formation of a further two to three maxima in the interval 150–200 K at a pressure &gt;1.7 GPa. The appearance of the thermoluminescence maxima after irradiation at room temperature under pressure signifies that during irradiation the temperature of the relaxational transition of the polymer is higher than the temperature of irradiation, the molecular mobility characteristic of it is inhibited by pressure and the charges are able to stabilize. The differences between the polymers in the number of thermoluminescence maxima and the rate of shift of the initial portion of the curve with rise in pressure are connected with the difference in the values of free volume and compressibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 3","pages":"Pages 422-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90239-M","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91740595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The thermodynamics of allyloxyethyl-α-cyanoacrylate, its polymerization and the polymer obtained at 0–330 K 研究了丙烯氧乙基-α-氰基丙烯酸酯在0-330 K下的热力学、聚合反应和聚合物反应
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90299-6
T.A. Bykova, Ye.G. Kiparisova, B.V. Lebedev, T.I. Guseva, K.A. Mager, Yu.G. Gololobov
{"title":"The thermodynamics of allyloxyethyl-α-cyanoacrylate, its polymerization and the polymer obtained at 0–330 K","authors":"T.A. Bykova,&nbsp;Ye.G. Kiparisova,&nbsp;B.V. Lebedev,&nbsp;T.I. Guseva,&nbsp;K.A. Mager,&nbsp;Yu.G. Gololobov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90299-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90299-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adiabatic and isothermal calorimetry have been used to study the thermodynamic properties of allyloxy-ethyl-α-cyanoacrylate and polyallyloxyethyl-α-cyanoacrylate and the following properties have been determined: the isobaric heat capacity of the monomer and the polymer in the range 11–330 K, the glass-transition parameters and the parameters of the glassy state of the monomer, the energy of combustion of the monomer and the polymer. The following thermodynamic functions have been calculated from the experimental data obtained: <em>H</em><sup>0</sup>(<em>T</em>) − <em>H</em><sup>0</sup>(0), <em>S</em><sup>0</sup>(<em>T</em>) and <em>G</em><sup>0</sup>(<em>T</em>) − <em>H</em><sup>0</sup>(0) for the range 0–330 K, and the enthalpy of combustion and the thermodynamic parameters of formation, <em>ΔH</em><sub><em>f</em></sub><sup>0</sup>, <em>ΔS</em><sub><em>f</em></sub><sup>0</sup> and <em>ΔG</em><sub><em>f</em></sub><sup>0</sup>. These results been used to calculate the enthalpy, entropy and the Gibbs function for the polymerization of allyloxyethyl-α-cyanoacrylate in bulk in the range 0–330 K and the upper limiting temperature for polymerization has been estimated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 2453-2459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90299-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85028247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Networks 90” Xth International Symposium IUPAC on polymer networks “网络90”第x届IUPAC聚合物网络国际研讨会
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90147-I
M.A. Markevich
{"title":"“Networks 90” Xth International Symposium IUPAC on polymer networks","authors":"M.A. Markevich","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90147-I","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90147-I","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 4","pages":"Pages 837-841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90147-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"103854872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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