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Role of chain transfer reactions in the formation of molecular weight distribution of polybutadiene prepared by means of an organosodium initiator containing tetrahydrofuran 链转移反应在含四氢呋喃的有机钠引发剂制备聚丁二烯分子量分布形成中的作用
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90051-Q
M.A. Yeremina, Ye.G. Erenburg, A.S. Skornyakov, V.K. Vasil'ev
{"title":"Role of chain transfer reactions in the formation of molecular weight distribution of polybutadiene prepared by means of an organosodium initiator containing tetrahydrofuran","authors":"M.A. Yeremina,&nbsp;Ye.G. Erenburg,&nbsp;A.S. Skornyakov,&nbsp;V.K. Vasil'ev","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90051-Q","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90051-Q","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has been shown by studying the molecular mass distribution of polybutadiene in either toluene or heptane solutions with a tetrahydrofuran-containing organosodium initiator that in the presence of an organoaluminium modifier the molecular mass distribution of polymers prepared in either solvent is governed by the chain transfer to monomer; the relative rate constant of the chain transfer reaction is of the order of 10<sup>−3</sup>. In the absence of the modifier, chain transfer to toluene plays an important role as well. The temperature dependence of the rate constant of the chain transfer reaction was measured for polymerizations carried out in heptane. The character of the resulting distribution was compared with the assumed structures of the active centres, coexisting in the polymerizing system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 8","pages":"Pages 1638-1646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90051-Q","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73321100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetics and mechanism of the chemical transformation of nitrocellulose under the action of aqueous sulphuric acid solutions 硝酸水溶液作用下硝化纤维素化学转化动力学及机理研究
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90276-V
B.A. Lure, Z.T. Valishina, B.S. Svetlov
{"title":"Kinetics and mechanism of the chemical transformation of nitrocellulose under the action of aqueous sulphuric acid solutions","authors":"B.A. Lure,&nbsp;Z.T. Valishina,&nbsp;B.S. Svetlov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90276-V","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90276-V","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main kinetic laws of denitration and degradation of nitrocellulose during heterophase transformation under the action of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> are studied. The process takes place mainly inside the nitrocellulose fibres. Degradation is much slower than denitration and its rate is less dependent on the acidity of the medium. The plots of denitration and degradation against temperature are similar. The laws governing the degradation of nitrocellulose, a typical cellulose derivative, and the laws of denitration are the same as for a low-molecular nitroester. The development of secondary redox processes on acid hydrolysis is considered. The kinetics of gas evolution and the change in the UV spectra of the liquid phase, which gives information on the dissolution of nitrocellulose and its oxidized derivatives are measured.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 1","pages":"Pages 99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90276-V","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76660905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Relaxation phenomena in the polyamidoesters: Block copolymers of dodecalactam with oligotetramethylene glycol 聚酰胺中的弛豫现象:十二内酰胺与低聚四亚甘醇的嵌段共聚物
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90099-C
G.A. Lushcheiken, Ye.G. Rayevskaya, M.K. Polyevaya, Ye.S. Artsis
{"title":"Relaxation phenomena in the polyamidoesters: Block copolymers of dodecalactam with oligotetramethylene glycol","authors":"G.A. Lushcheiken,&nbsp;Ye.G. Rayevskaya,&nbsp;M.K. Polyevaya,&nbsp;Ye.S. Artsis","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90099-C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90099-C","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Relaxation effects in the copolymers of dedecalactam with oligotetramethylene glycol have been investigated by a dielectric method. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were determined in the frequency range 10 Hz-1 MHz over the temperature range 120–300°. The dodecalactam content was varied from 100 down to 19 mol%. Two relaxation regions were found: a high-temperature region (α) associated with segmental mobility (glass-transition) and a low-temperature one (β) relating to local mobility in the copolymers. The glass-transition temperatures were determined as well as the activation energies and the relaxation time distribution parameters, and the dipole moment of the polydodecalactam repeat-unit was calculated. The glass transition temperature and the dielectric relaxation intensity (increase in the dielectric constant) decrease linearly as the amount of polyester fragments increases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 10","pages":"Pages 1999-2005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90099-C","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91709604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some aspects of the anionic polymerization of p-methylstyrene 对甲基苯乙烯阴离子聚合的一些方面
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90313-F
N.I Pakuro, Ye.D Rogozhkina, O.N Khromova, D.K Polyakov
{"title":"Some aspects of the anionic polymerization of p-methylstyrene","authors":"N.I Pakuro,&nbsp;Ye.D Rogozhkina,&nbsp;O.N Khromova,&nbsp;D.K Polyakov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90313-F","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90313-F","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The kinetics of the initiation and propagation of polymerization of <em>p</em>-methylstyrene on exposure to <em>n</em>- and <em>sec</em>-BuLi in benzene has been investigated. It is shown that the presence of the methyl substituent lowers the rates of these stages 2–3 times as compared with polymerization of styrene. The absorption band in the UV spectra of the living polymer was found to shift from 330 to 340 nm with increase in its intensity during polymerization on exposure to <em>sec</em>-BuLi. The reversiblity of the shift in the band on introducing a fresh portion of monomer was demonstrated. It is assumed that these phenomena are associated with the formation of complexes of the active centre with the monomer. When the “living” polymer is held for a long time decrease in the intensity of the band 340 nm is observed with the appearance of absorption in the region 300 nm probably related to transfer of the chain to the methyl groups of the polymers. It is shown that <em>p</em>-methylstyrene actively polymerizes on a sodium mirror. Unlike systems with a lithium counter-ion prolonged holding on the mirror reduces the intensity of the band of poly-<em>p</em>-methylstyryl sodium with <em>λ</em><sub>max</sub> = 340 nm with the appearance of absorption in the region 530 nm similar to isomerization of polystyryl sodium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 7","pages":"Pages 1290-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90313-F","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88523187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Formation of space-time structure in fluctuational processes of curing of carbamidoformaldehyde resins 脲醛树脂固化波动过程中时空结构的形成
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90186-T
V.V. Kuznetsov, O.S. Matyukhina, M.I. Siling
{"title":"Formation of space-time structure in fluctuational processes of curing of carbamidoformaldehyde resins","authors":"V.V. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;O.S. Matyukhina,&nbsp;M.I. Siling","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90186-T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90186-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A mathematical model is proposed for the fluctuational processes of curing of carbamidoformaldehyde resins allowing for the spatial heterogeneity of the processes of formation—breakdown of domains. From analysis of the model it is shown that during curing a wave space-time structure forms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 242-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90186-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91963181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anisotropy of the internal field in the theory of birefringence of polymer solutions 聚合物溶液双折射理论中内场的各向异性
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90308-D
N.G. Khlebtsov
{"title":"Anisotropy of the internal field in the theory of birefringence of polymer solutions","authors":"N.G. Khlebtsov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90308-D","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90308-D","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The problem of respecting the anisotropy of the internal field in the theory of flow birefringence of polymer solutions in considered. The paper by S. Ya. Magarik and Yu. Ya. Gotlib (Vysokomol. soyed. <strong>A32</strong>: 2179, 1990) devoted to this problem is analysed. It is shown that the results of the paper cannot be considered as fully valid. The perspectives of further development of the theory of flow birefringence of polymer solutions are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 2528-2532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90308-D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85593586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural effects during the formation of intermolecular polymeric complexes with charge transfer 带电荷转移的分子间聚合物复合物形成过程中的结构效应
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90179-T
A.V. Tkachev, V.A. Tverskoi, V.P. Zubov
{"title":"Structural effects during the formation of intermolecular polymeric complexes with charge transfer","authors":"A.V. Tkachev,&nbsp;V.A. Tverskoi,&nbsp;V.P. Zubov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90179-T","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90179-T","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Charge transfer complexes of polysiloxanes and polymethacrylates containing <em>π</em>-electron acceptor groups with carbazolyl-containing polymers have been studied. It is shown that in all cases complexes of composition 1: 1 form, their stability being determined by the structure of the chain of the macromolecule, its content of acceptor groups and by the concentration and structure of the screening groups. A comparison is made with complexes of model low molecular mass compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 196-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90179-T","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85769502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Allowance for the transitional layer in the statistical theory of the structure of amorphous regions in oriented polyethylene 取向聚乙烯非晶态区结构统计理论中过渡层的考虑
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 Epub Date: 2003-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90278-X
S.Ye. Varyukhin, M.G. Zaitsev
{"title":"Allowance for the transitional layer in the statistical theory of the structure of amorphous regions in oriented polyethylene","authors":"S.Ye. Varyukhin,&nbsp;M.G. Zaitsev","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90278-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90278-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An ensemble of subchains simulating the amorphous region of oriented polyethylene, in accordance with the statistical distribution obtained previously by the authors is constructed by the Monte Carlo method, and the distribution of local density over the thickness of the amorphous region is studied. The principles determining the anomalous density in a thin layer close to the crystallite surface are analysed. The anomaly disappears if a requirement that the conformational freedom of long straight chains and loops in this layer is limited is introduced into the theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 1","pages":"Pages 113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90278-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82231875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reactive oligourethanes and network polymers based on incompatible oligomers 反应性低聚脲和基于不相容低聚物的网状聚合物
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90246-M
L. S. Sheinina, R. A. Veselovskii, L. A. Markozskaya, V. Davidenko
{"title":"Reactive oligourethanes and network polymers based on incompatible oligomers","authors":"L. S. Sheinina, R. A. Veselovskii, L. A. Markozskaya, V. Davidenko","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90246-M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90246-M","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"38 1","pages":"473-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73420203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Emulsion copolymerization of vinyl and diene monomers with surfactant comonomers 乙烯和二烯单体与表面活性剂共聚物的乳液共聚
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90321-G
Ye.B. Malyukova, S. V. Naumova, I. Gritskova, A. Bondarev, V. Zubov
{"title":"Emulsion copolymerization of vinyl and diene monomers with surfactant comonomers","authors":"Ye.B. Malyukova, S. V. Naumova, I. Gritskova, A. Bondarev, V. Zubov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90321-G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90321-G","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"1997 1","pages":"1361-1367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82501130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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