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Calorimetric study of the glass transition in gelatin 明胶玻璃化转变的量热研究
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90114-6
G.I. Tsereteli, O.I. Smirnova
{"title":"Calorimetric study of the glass transition in gelatin","authors":"G.I. Tsereteli,&nbsp;O.I. Smirnova","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90114-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90114-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The temperature variation of the absolute heat capacity values of crystalline and amorphous gelatin at various water concentrations was studied by the DSC method in a broad temperature range (from -50 to 130°C). At all concentrations of bound water (5–30%), with amorphous gelatins a heat capacity jump is observed, caused by devitrification (softening). The value of this jump was determined to amount to 0.50±0.05 J/g K. With increasing content of bound water, the glass temperature decreases. The appearance of free water in the system substantially affects the process of devitrification (softening). In contrast to bound water, free water does not act as plasticizer, but on the contrary, it forms a rigid ice matrix which prevents the appearance of a glass transition. It was determined how the glass-transition process is manifested in the course of heating of crystalline gelatins, of various heats of melting. In gelatins with small heats of melting, ≤ J/g, the glass-transition process practically does not differ from the process in amorphous gelatins of the same water content. In gelatins with greater heats of melting (≈ 30 j/g), softening only leads to the appearance of an additional small maximum on the linear heat-capacity-temperature plot, a heat-capacity jump is not observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 10","pages":"Pages 2119-2125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90114-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73206489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Intramolecularly crosslinked polystyrene as model of a supercrosslinked network 分子内交联聚苯乙烯作为超交联网络的模型
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90304-9
M.P. Tsyurupa, L.A. Maslova, T.A. Mrachkovskaya, V.A. Davankov
{"title":"Intramolecularly crosslinked polystyrene as model of a supercrosslinked network","authors":"M.P. Tsyurupa,&nbsp;L.A. Maslova,&nbsp;T.A. Mrachkovskaya,&nbsp;V.A. Davankov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90304-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90304-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Globular soluble intramolecularly crosslinked polystyrene (PS) was prepared both by reaction of individual PS coils with monochlorodimethylether in the presence of tin chloride, and by reaction of chloromethyl groups in previously chloromethylated coils with the phenyl rings of the same macromolecule. The concentration of the initial polymer solution subjected to intramolecular crosslinking was 0.1–0.5%. By viscometric, electron microscopic and GPC methods it was established that the globules represent individual PS macromolecules strengthened by a large number of intramolecular crosslinks. The globules of intramolecularly crosslinked PS exhibit the same properties as supercrosslinked PS networks: their internal specific surface reaches 800–1000 m<sup>2</sup>/g and they can swell in methanol. The equivalence of these unusual properties directly proves that they result from the specific features of supercrosslinked structures at molecular level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 2497-2503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90304-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73221630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crazing on stretching of samples of high density polyethylene of different molecular mass in liquid media 不同分子质量高密度聚乙烯试样在液体介质中的拉伸研究
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90163-K
A.V. Yefimov, N.N. Valiotti, N.F. Bakeyev
{"title":"Crazing on stretching of samples of high density polyethylene of different molecular mass in liquid media","authors":"A.V. Yefimov,&nbsp;N.N. Valiotti,&nbsp;N.F. Bakeyev","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90163-K","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90163-K","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of MM on the strain of high density polyethylene (HDPE) in liquid media is studied. It is established that the effectiveness of the action of the liquid media, as evaluated from the value of the decrease in yield point of the polymer, is inversely related to the MM of the HDPE. This effect is determined by the decrease in the liability of the crystalline polymer to undergo crazing in liquid media with increase in MM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 5","pages":"Pages 954-960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90163-K","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75686574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetics of graft polymerization of methyl acrylate to water soluble polysaccharides 丙烯酸甲酯与水溶性多糖接枝聚合动力学
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90245-L
V. Kislenko, A. Berlin
{"title":"Kinetics of graft polymerization of methyl acrylate to water soluble polysaccharides","authors":"V. Kislenko, A. Berlin","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90245-L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90245-L","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"117 1","pages":"466-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75753872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Influence of external effects on the structure and molecular dynamics of oriented copolymers and blends on the basis of polypropylene and polyethylene 外部效应对聚丙烯和聚乙烯定向共聚物及其共混物结构和分子动力学的影响
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90297-4
S.G. Karpova, A.A. Popov, G.Ye. Zaikov, K. Barabash, M. Mesko
{"title":"Influence of external effects on the structure and molecular dynamics of oriented copolymers and blends on the basis of polypropylene and polyethylene","authors":"S.G. Karpova,&nbsp;A.A. Popov,&nbsp;G.Ye. Zaikov,&nbsp;K. Barabash,&nbsp;M. Mesko","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90297-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90297-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 12","pages":"2435-2444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90297-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72231235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mechanism of phase separation of polystyrene gels disturbed and not disturbed by a mechanical field 受力场干扰和不受力场影响的聚苯乙烯凝胶相分离机理
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90290-7
S.A. Vshivkov, Ye.V. Rusinova
{"title":"Mechanism of phase separation of polystyrene gels disturbed and not disturbed by a mechanical field","authors":"S.A. Vshivkov,&nbsp;Ye.V. Rusinova","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90290-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90290-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phase equilibrium of PS gels with a network of different density in cyclohexane in the non-deformed state in conditions of uniaxial stretching and all-sided compression has been studied. The pulsing mechanism of phase separation of the gels was found manifest in the fluctuational character of the rate of their clouding, squeezing out of the solvent and non-monotonic change in their geometric dimensions and also the radii of the light-scattering particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 2383-2390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90290-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72231242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
List of contents and author index volume 33, 1991 目录和作者索引1991年第33卷
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90309-E
{"title":"List of contents and author index volume 33, 1991","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90309-E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90309-E","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages iii-xxvi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90309-E","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72231246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of the iodide modification of polypyromellitimide 聚吡咯甲酰亚胺的碘化物改性特性
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90123-8
N.B. Mel'nikova, Ye.G. Kochneva
{"title":"Features of the iodide modification of polypyromellitimide","authors":"N.B. Mel'nikova,&nbsp;Ye.G. Kochneva","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90123-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90123-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 4","pages":"681-688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90123-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72259042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A study of the strength and relaxation properties of compositions based on polyalkanimide 聚酰胺类合成物强度和弛豫性能的研究
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90303-8
A.A. Askadskii, A.V. Samoryadov, N.Ye. Khramenkov, K.A. Bychko, O.V. Kovriga
{"title":"A study of the strength and relaxation properties of compositions based on polyalkanimide","authors":"A.A. Askadskii,&nbsp;A.V. Samoryadov,&nbsp;N.Ye. Khramenkov,&nbsp;K.A. Bychko,&nbsp;O.V. Kovriga","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90303-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90303-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical relaxational properties of cast materials based on the original and glass-filled polyalkanimide are studied. Temperature regions are observed in which the relaxation process parameters are weakly dependent on temperature, and also in which there is an anomalous decrease in the rate of the relaxation process with rise in temperature on approximating to the softening point. The given relaxation changes are compared with the results of analysis by the DSC method, which provides a means of explaining the anomalous course of the relaxations in terms of recrystallization processes. As a result, the optimum reprocessing conditions are found. The stress relaxation curves are approximated with the aid of new relaxation kernels, based on an analysis of the entropy changes during relaxation. Correlations coefficients close to unity are obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 12","pages":"Pages 2487-2496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90303-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75906481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of the chemical structure of the rigid block on the properties of polyester urethane urea elastomers 刚性块的化学结构对聚氨酯脲弹性体性能的影响
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90062-U
A.A. Shipayev, L.A. Shumanov, Yu.V. Yevreinov, V.A. Shershnev
{"title":"Effect of the chemical structure of the rigid block on the properties of polyester urethane urea elastomers","authors":"A.A. Shipayev,&nbsp;L.A. Shumanov,&nbsp;Yu.V. Yevreinov,&nbsp;V.A. Shershnev","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90062-U","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90062-U","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A thermomechanical analysis has been made of polyester urethane ureas with non-crystallizable rigid blocks and an amorphous flexible matrix. The glass transition temperature, the devitrification interval and the compression modulus depending on the degree of phase separation are regulated not only by change in the solubility parameter of the rigid block but also by the number and position of the “hinge” groups in it. The behaviour of the polyester urethane urea elastomers at high temperatures is determined by the same factors and also by the polarity of the rigid block reflected in the temperature of the onset of devitrification of the rigid phase and the interval of its devitrification which in the end determines the performance of polyester urethane urea elastomers at high temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 11","pages":"Pages 2176-2182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90062-U","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79746531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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