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Use of radiation graft polymerization for synthesizing and modifying gas-separating membranes—review 辐射接枝聚合在气体分离膜合成与改性中的应用综述
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90311-D
S.A. Pavlov, E.N. Teleshov
{"title":"Use of radiation graft polymerization for synthesizing and modifying gas-separating membranes—review","authors":"S.A. Pavlov,&nbsp;E.N. Teleshov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90311-D","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90311-D","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The synthetic possibilities of the radiation graft polymerization method for synthesizing and modifying membranes and the functionalization of the materials of membrane technology are reviewed. Attention is focused on the problems of synthesis of gas-separating membranes. In this connection the review also touches on the problems of imparting hydrophilic and ion-exchange properties to membranes. The relationship between the sorption, diffusional and some other properties of membranes, the aspects of their structure and the conditions of conducting synthesis is analysed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 7","pages":"Pages 1259-1285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90311-D","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79169869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magneto-spin effects during the synthesis and chemical conversions of polymers. Review 聚合物合成和化学转化过程中的磁自旋效应。审查
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90001-7
V.B. Ivanov
{"title":"Magneto-spin effects during the synthesis and chemical conversions of polymers. Review","authors":"V.B. Ivanov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90001-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90001-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The author looks at the influence of an external magnetic field and nuclear spin states of reactants on the polymerization rate and MM of the polymer formed and also the rates and directions of the chemical processes occurring in macromolecular systems. He discusses the correspondence of the experimental data to theoretical notions on the influence of the magnetic field and isotope composition of the molecules on the singlet-triplet conversion of radical pairs, key intermediate particles of the processes. The role of the molecular organization of the medium as one of the main factors determining the scale of the phenomena is analysed. The link between the effects observed and molecular dynamics in solutions, in micellar systems and solid polymers is discussed. The possibilities of using the effects discussed for studying the mechanisms of the processes and also for additional regulation are noted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 9","pages":"Pages 1691-1708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90001-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79368178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Rayleigh light scattering method of studying the structure of epoxide oligomers 用瑞利光散射法研究环氧化合物低聚物的结构
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90280-4
R.R. Garifullin, A.G. Farrakhov, V.G. Khozin
{"title":"A Rayleigh light scattering method of studying the structure of epoxide oligomers","authors":"R.R. Garifullin,&nbsp;A.G. Farrakhov,&nbsp;V.G. Khozin","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90280-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90280-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural inhomogeneity of epoxide oligomers of MM 340 to 3000 is studied by Rayleigh light scattering. Expoxide oligomers contain thermally stable and unstable structural formations (associates). ifferent oligomer fractions take part in the formation of associates are broken, and there is a temperature limit at which they are completely destroyed. In the case of the diglycidyl ester of d diphenylolpropane and ED-20 oligomer this occurs at 90°C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 1","pages":"Pages 128-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90280-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81877209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Theory of weak supercrystallinity in melts of two-component copolymers of complicated chemical structure. Fluctuation effects 复杂化学结构双组分共聚物熔体弱超结晶度理论。波动的影响
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90172-M
A.V. Dobrynin, I.Ya. Yerukhimovich
{"title":"Theory of weak supercrystallinity in melts of two-component copolymers of complicated chemical structure. Fluctuation effects","authors":"A.V. Dobrynin,&nbsp;I.Ya. Yerukhimovich","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90172-M","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90172-M","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of fluctuation effects on supercrystallization (formation of domain structure) in melts of two-component copolymers of complicated chemical structure was studied by a refined variation method, generalizing the results of the Brazovskii theory of weak crystallization to the case of arbitrary angular dependence of node functions. By means of numerical calculations, the phase diagrams of transitions into the supercrystalline state were constructed and analysed in a space of parameters describing the chemical structure and temperature of the copolymer, for the following types of copolymeric systems: asymmetrical triblock and trigraft copolymers, star copolymers (A<sub><em>n</em></sub>)<sub><em>k</em></sub>(B<sub><em>m</em></sub>)<sub><em>k</em></sub>, as well as polyblock and polygraft copolymers. By taking account of the fluctuation effects, qualitative agreement is obtained with the results of Fredrickson and Helfand on changes in the structure of the transition sequence previously found by the authors using the mean field approximation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 5","pages":"Pages 1012-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90172-M","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85370487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Correlation between the microstructure and properties of haemocompatible polyetherurethane ureas 血液相容性聚聚氨酯脲的微观结构与性能的关系
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90164-L
A.V. Trezvova, O.G. Fortunatov, M.P. Letunovskii, L.L. Razumova, A.A. Veretennikova, N.P. Tsakulin
{"title":"Correlation between the microstructure and properties of haemocompatible polyetherurethane ureas","authors":"A.V. Trezvova,&nbsp;O.G. Fortunatov,&nbsp;M.P. Letunovskii,&nbsp;L.L. Razumova,&nbsp;A.A. Veretennikova,&nbsp;N.P. Tsakulin","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90164-L","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90164-L","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of the proportion of rigid blocks in segmented polyetherurethane ureas on their mechanical properties is studied. It is established that there are two critical points on the plots of the properties of the polymers against temperature, in which the nature of the behaviour of the system changes its character. It is shown by small angle X-ray scattering that at these points the type of supermolecular (domain) structure of the polyetherurethane urea changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 5","pages":"Pages 961-966"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90164-L","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85611797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular structure and glass temperature in surface layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) films. IR spectroscopic study 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯薄膜表层的分子结构和玻璃化温度。红外光谱研究
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90263-P
O. Tretinnikov, R. Zhbankov
{"title":"Molecular structure and glass temperature in surface layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) films. IR spectroscopic study","authors":"O. Tretinnikov, R. Zhbankov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90263-P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90263-P","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"9 1","pages":"589-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85643352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relation between the mechanical properties of organosilicon composites cured by the hydrosilylation reaction, with the parameters of vulcanizates 硅氢化反应固化有机硅复合材料的力学性能与硫化剂参数的关系
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90174-O
S.R. Nanushyan, A.B. Polees, T.P. Gribanova
{"title":"Relation between the mechanical properties of organosilicon composites cured by the hydrosilylation reaction, with the parameters of vulcanizates","authors":"S.R. Nanushyan,&nbsp;A.B. Polees,&nbsp;T.P. Gribanova","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90174-O","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90174-O","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of various factors [molecular mass (MM) of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane, regime of thermal treatment, relative amounts of ingredients] on the effective density of the vulcanized network and break resistance of polymer-oligomer composites cured by the hydrosilylation reaction were investigated. Parameter <em>A</em> characterizing the degree of nonaffinity of the vulcanized network was determined by comparing the MM values of macromolecular segments between two crosslink points of the network as determined by various methods. The character of the effect of the above named factors on the changes in parameter <em>A</em> is identical. At the same time the effective density of the vulcanized network ambiguously affects the strength of the vulcanizates. The observed effects are connected with the formation, in the curing process of the systems studied, of a vulcanized network with heterophase structure, with disylethane and siloxane bonds in the crosslinks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 5","pages":"Pages 1033-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90174-O","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84073931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stress relaxation in polyethylene crystallized by orientation 聚乙烯取向结晶中的应力松弛
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90022-I
Yu.M. Boiko, V.V. Kovriga, A.Ya. Gol'dman
{"title":"Stress relaxation in polyethylene crystallized by orientation","authors":"Yu.M. Boiko,&nbsp;V.V. Kovriga,&nbsp;A.Ya. Gol'dman","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90022-I","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90022-I","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stress relaxation has been investigated in PE in the initial condition and after crystallization by orientation with various values of the extension ratio. The experimental data obtained have been generalized by means of the temperature-time analogy. Values of the effective activation energy have been calculated for the deformation of PE crystallized by orientation. The activation energies are shown to approximate to those found for the principal relaxation processes in HDPE determined by other independent methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 9","pages":"Pages 1848-1855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90022-I","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78323046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radiation-chemical processes proceeding in cellulose nitrate in the presence of anti-radiation additives 在含有抗辐射添加剂的硝酸纤维素中进行的辐射化学过程
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90077-4
A.T. Govorkov
{"title":"Radiation-chemical processes proceeding in cellulose nitrate in the presence of anti-radiation additives","authors":"A.T. Govorkov","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90077-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90077-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of γ-radiation on degradation processes proceeding in cellulose nitrate was studied by capillary viscometry and by following the changes of physical and mechanical characteristics of the polymer. The Gaussian character of the distribution of limiting strength is preserved after irradiation. The effects of γ-radiation involve a lowering of the limiting strength, increase of sample inhomogeneity and an increased scatter of physico-mechanical properties. By introducing anti-radiation additives of an aromatic type one can depress the yield of reactions leading to chain rupture. The mechanism of the protective action of anti-radiation additives of various type was investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 11","pages":"Pages 2276-2282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90077-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81389969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of phase separation in the system polyacrylamide plus water plus methanol by spectroturbidimetric titration 用光谱比浊滴定法研究聚丙烯酰胺+水+甲醇体系的相分离
Polymer Science U.s.s.r. Pub Date : 1991-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(91)90155-J
L.G. Lebedeva, O.V. Klenina, N.G. Khlebtsov, V.I. Klenin
{"title":"Study of phase separation in the system polyacrylamide plus water plus methanol by spectroturbidimetric titration","authors":"L.G. Lebedeva,&nbsp;O.V. Klenina,&nbsp;N.G. Khlebtsov,&nbsp;V.I. Klenin","doi":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90155-J","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0032-3950(91)90155-J","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phase separation has been studied in the system polyacrylamide + water + methanol at low polymer concentrations to determine the conditions of spectroturbidimetric titration for obtaining the precipitation curve of the polymer. An equation of solubility necessary for inversion of the precipitation curve to the MMD function has been defined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20280,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science U.s.s.r.","volume":"33 5","pages":"Pages 896-901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0032-3950(91)90155-J","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76313204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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