EpochPub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200711222
Christopher P. Long
{"title":"Aristotle’s Phenomenology of Form: The Shape of Beings that Become","authors":"Christopher P. Long","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200711222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200711222","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars often assume that Aristotle uses the terms morphe and eidos interchangeably. Translators of Aristotle's works rarely feel the need to carry the distinction between these two Greek terms over into English. This article challenges the orthodox view that morphe and eidos are synonymous. Careful analysis of texts from the Categories, Physics, and Metaphysics in which these terms appear in dose proximity reveals a fundamental tension of Aristotle's thinking concerning the being of natural beings. Morphe designates the form as inseparable from the matter in which it inheres, while eidos, because it is more easily separated from matter, is the vocabulary used to determine form as the ontological principle of the composite individual. The tension between morphe and eidos-between form as irreducibly immanent and yet somehow separate-is then shown to animate Aristotle's phenomenological approach to the being of natural beings. This approach is most clearly enacted in Aristotle's biology, a consideration of which concludes the essay.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122587352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200711220
Huaiyu Wang
{"title":"Mesotēs, Energeia, and Alētheia: Discovering an Ariadne’s Thread through Aristotle’s Moral and Natural Philosophy","authors":"Huaiyu Wang","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200711220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200711220","url":null,"abstract":"; Drawing upon John Burnet's interpretation of mesotēs, I explore the original meanings of this important Greek word and its inherent relations to the concepts of formal cause, final cause, and actuality (energeia). My investigation reveals the concept of mesotēs as an Ariadne's thread running through the whole system of Aristotle's moral and natural philosophy. It also throws a new light on the implications of Aristotle's definition of moral virtue and the essential role it plays in the truth of human existence.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134074224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200711223
P. C. Smith
{"title":"Virgil’s Destruktion of the Stoic Rational Agent: Rehearing Aeneid IV after Nietzsche and Heidegger","authors":"P. C. Smith","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200711223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200711223","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the exchanges between the lovers Dido and Aeneas in Aeneid IV to undercut the pretensions of Stoic philosophers to lead a dispassionate, imperturbable life under the sole guidance of \"reason.\" It takes Aeneas as an example of Stoicism's lawyer-like, falsified rationality-\"I will say just a few words in regard to this matter [pro re]\" (IV 336)-and Dido as an example of someone who, though under the sway of furor, nevertheless makes honest, reasoned arguments that are continuous with the feelings she is experiencing. The point is not that one is more at fault than the other but the rather more radical thesis that with his Aeneas character Virgil is showing that Stoicism's ataraxia and apatheia are inevitably dissimulation, inevitably fake.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123657574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200711215
Lawrence J. Hatab
{"title":"Writing Knowledge in the Soul: Orality, Literacy, and Plato’s Critique of Poetry","authors":"Lawrence J. Hatab","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200711215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200711215","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay I take up Plato's critique of poetry, which has little to do with epistemology and representational imitation,but rather the powerful effects that poetic performances can have on audiences, enthralling them with vivid image-worlds and blocking the powers of critical reflection. By focusing on the perceived psychological dangers of poetry in performance and reception, I want to suggest that Plato's critique was caught up in the larger story of momentous shifts in the Greek world, turning on the rise of literacy and its far-reaching effects in modifying the original and persisting oral character of Greek culture. The story of Plato's Republic in certain ways suggests something essential for comprehending the development of philosophy in Greece (and in any culture,I would add):that philosophy,as we understand it,would not have been possible apart from the skills and mental transformations stemming from education in reading and writing; and that primary features of oral language and practice were a significant barrier to the development of philosophical rationality (and also a worthy competitor for cultural status and authority). Accordingly, I go on to argue that the critique of writing in the Phaedrus is neither a defense or orality per se, nor a dismissal of writing, but rather a defense of a literate soul over against orality and the indiscriminate exposure of written texts to unworthy readers.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134395271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200711213
D. Krell
{"title":"A double tale I shall tell... : Empedocles and Hölderlin on tragic nature and tragic purification","authors":"D. Krell","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200711213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200711213","url":null,"abstract":"Countless poets and thinkers over the ages have identified closely with Empedocles of Acragas. Friedrich Holderlin (1770-1843) is one of these. The three versions of his mourning-play, The Death of Empedocles, give us an opportunity to conceive of the unity of the Empedoclean project-to confront nature and human existence alike as tragic. Central to this tragic view of both On Nature and Purifications, reputedly the two books of Empedocles, is the theme of doubling and duplicity, especially the presence in the (one) sphere of love and strife. Tragic doubling is a unity in perpetual dispersion.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"570 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116286049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-10-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200711218
F. González
{"title":"Dialogue Discontinued: Heidegger on a Few Pages of Plato’s Theaetetus","authors":"F. González","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200711218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200711218","url":null,"abstract":"; According to Heidegger's own testimony, his 1940 essay, \"Plato's Doctrine of Truth,\" is derived from a course he first delivered in 1931/32. Yet, while an interpretation of the Theaetetus is central to the argument in 1931/32, this dialogue is not so much as mentioned in the 1940 essay. The reason is that Heidegger's own careful and insightful reading of the Theaetetus simply does not support his thesis regarding Plato's \"doctrine of truth.\" But then the real interest of this reading is that it affords the opportunity for pursuing a genuine dialogue between Heidegger and Plato that was too abruptly discontinued.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129727694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20071212
J. McCoy
{"title":"The Argument of the Philebus","authors":"J. McCoy","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20071212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20071212","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores Socrates' argumentative strategy in the Philebus, which is a response to the view that pleasure is the good. Socrates leads his interlocutors through a series of steps in order to demonstrate to them the \"conditions and dispositions of soul\" upon which hedonism rests. Socrates' aim is not to refute the claim that pleasure is a good, but rather to show the dependence of the experience of pleasure on intellect and the other elements of the life of mind. In this manner, Socrates is able to show the superiority of the life of mind, or philosophy, in terms that are intelligible to the pleasure-seeker.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125327729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20071216
M. Marder
{"title":"Given the Right—of Giving (in Hegel’s Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts)","authors":"M. Marder","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20071216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20071216","url":null,"abstract":"This essay approaches the Hegelian problem of giving and givenness through the marginal fi gures of the animal, the child, and \"superstitious humanity,\" representing, in one way or another, the unperturbed relationship with immediacy. I argue that, for Hegel, the process of subjectivization supersedes these fi gures by learning to reject the immediately given and to accept only what is self-given. Yet, in- terspersed throughout this process are various imbalances and asymmetries, whereby the subject gives itself more than it takes, undialectically suppressing the particular and displacing the marginal.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"6 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114128886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200712111
C. Fox
{"title":"The Apotheosis of Apotheosis: Levinas’s On Escape, Hegel’s Unhappy Consciousness, and Us","authors":"C. Fox","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200712111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200712111","url":null,"abstract":"The recent translation of Emmanuel Levinas's essay On Escape complicates our view of his relationship to Hegel, and reopens the ontological question of escape. The impetus for Levinas's essay was National Socialism's effort to reduce subjectivity to being qua biologistic. To resist this, Levinas enlists idealism as an ally. He affirms the idealist subject's effort to escape being, but denies that it makes good its escape. I challenge this denial by comparing Levinas's phenomenology of escape with Hegel's phenomenology of unhappy consciousness, paying special attention to the themes of shame and the will to escape. The similarity between treatments leads me to suggest that the urge to escape emerges at least as early as medieval Christianity, thus predating the historical predicament of mid- 1930s European Jewry. I conclude by interpreting space travel and the posthuman figure of the cyborg as signs that escape continues as an object of human aspiration.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129996931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EpochPub Date : 2007-04-01DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20071213
J. Howland
{"title":"Plato's Dionysian Music? A Reading of the Symposium","authors":"J. Howland","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20071213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20071213","url":null,"abstract":"Like Aristophanes' Frogs, Plato's Symposium stages a contest between literary genres. The quarrel between Socrates and Aristophanes constitutes the primary axis of this contest, and the speech ofAlcibiades echoes and extends that of Aristophanes. Alcibiades' comparison of Socrates with a satyr, however, contains the key to understanding Socrates' implication, at the very end of the dialogue, that philosophy alone understands the inner connectedness, and hence the proper nature, of both tragedy and comedy. I argue that Plato reflects in the character of Socrates the primordial wisdom embodied in satyric drama. I conclude with a brief consideration of Nietzsche's challenge to Plato's Dionysian wisdom.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130457638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}