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Hobbes’s Radical Nominalism 霍布斯的激进唯名论
Epoch Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200611119
Gordon Hull
{"title":"Hobbes’s Radical Nominalism","authors":"Gordon Hull","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200611119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200611119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes Hobbes's understanding of signification, the process whereby words come to have meaning. Most generally, Hobbes develops and extends the nominalist critique of universals as it is found in Ockham and subsequently carried forward by early moderns such as Descartes. Hobbes's radicality emerges in comparison with Ockham and Descartes, as, unlike them, Hobbes also reduces the intellectual faculty entirely to imagination. According to Hobbes, we have nothing in which a stabilizing, pre-discursive mental language could inhere. Hobbes thus concludes that all thinking is affective and semiotic, and depends on the regulation of conventionally established regimes of signs. Establishing this regulation is one of the central functions of the Hobbesian commonwealth.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130164672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Hedges that Are Set: Hobbes and the Future of Politics 已确定的篱笆:霍布斯与政治的未来
Epoch Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200611124
Michael Bray
{"title":"The Hedges that Are Set: Hobbes and the Future of Politics","authors":"Michael Bray","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200611124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200611124","url":null,"abstract":"This essay traces out, in the works of Thomas Hobbes, the theoretical development of what I argue is the essential temporal element of modern thought: anxiety regarding the future. What finds systematic expression in Hobbes's psychology and politics is the dilemma that modem thinking inherits: the project of social rationalization perpetuates an image of an indeterminate future, to which the only possible response is rational submission to a project of administration over men akin to that which science practices on nature.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126507524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Contesting the Human: Levinas, the Body, and Racism 《对抗人类:列维纳斯、身体与种族主义
Epoch Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE200611118
Cynthia D. Coe
{"title":"Contesting the Human: Levinas, the Body, and Racism","authors":"Cynthia D. Coe","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE200611118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE200611118","url":null,"abstract":"In his 1934 essay \"Some Thoughts on the Philosophy of Hitlerism,\" Levinas identified two major movements within contemporary culture: liberalism and Hitlerism. At one level, these two movements are in strict opposition, but Levinas's later work explores the way in which liberalism is implicated in the \"hatred of the other\" that pervades Hitlerism. In this paper, I argue that Cartesian dualism underlies two sorts of anxieties, both of which are expressed as racism. Levinas's reconception of the body as ethically significant overcomes this dualism, and thus seems to hold promise as a method for undoing contemporary manifestations of racism.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114571340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnosis and the Divided Line: Pharmacological Concerns in Plato’s Republic 诊断与分界线:柏拉图《理想国》中的药理学问题
Epoch Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20059214
S. Brill
{"title":"Diagnosis and the Divided Line: Pharmacological Concerns in Plato’s Republic","authors":"S. Brill","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20059214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20059214","url":null,"abstract":"From the care Plato takes in describing the excellence of the doctor in book 3 to the characterization of various pathological elements in the regimes he describes in book 8, the Republic teems with references to medical terms and concepts. The following investigates the breadth of the influence of medicine on the Republic. I argue that a medical vocabulary proves indispensable to indicating the relationship between philosophy and politics that the Republic envisages. In order to do so, this paper examines the confluence of medicine and metaphysics revealed by a comparison between the discussion of the divided line and ancient characterizations of diagnosis. I then conclude with a reading of the Glaucus image in book 10 that emphasizes its self-diagnostic character.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132466324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Poetry, Socratic Dialectic, and the Desire of the Beautiful in Plato’s Symposium 诗歌、苏格拉底辩证法与柏拉图《会饮篇》中的美的欲望
Epoch Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20059211
P. C. Smith
{"title":"Poetry, Socratic Dialectic, and the Desire of the Beautiful in Plato’s Symposium","authors":"P. C. Smith","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20059211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20059211","url":null,"abstract":"I attempt in this paper to argue a thesis that is the opposite of the standard reading of Plato's Symposium. I maintain that it is not the persuasive speech of the comic or tragic poets that is criticized and undermined in the dialogue, but Socratic dialectic and dialogical argumentation. This is to say, it is not Aristophanes' and Agathon's speeches that are the object of Plato's critique, but Socrates' minimalist and rather unpoetic elenchos. My anaysis leads to the conclusion that Diotima's speech is meant to be recognized as Plato's own invention in order to highlight the abstraction and utter unmusicality of Socratic dialectic.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114432066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wonder, Time, and Idealization: On the Greek Beginning of Philosophy 奇迹、时间与理想化:论希腊哲学的起源
Epoch Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20059219
Klaus Held
{"title":"Wonder, Time, and Idealization: On the Greek Beginning of Philosophy","authors":"Klaus Held","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20059219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20059219","url":null,"abstract":"Following Heidegger's lead, I first undertake a description of philosophical wonder. A second task emerges out of this, the task of describing the manner of experiencing time upon which this wonder is based. Here I attendspecifically to Plato's discussion thereof. In the third and final section of my considerations, I illustrate how \"idealization\" follows from wonder and the accordant experience of time, \"idealization\" being that mental operation which, according to Husserl, has determined the consequent development of European culture in its scientific character from Plato and Aristotle up to the contemporary crisis.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126214430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plotinus : Matter and otherness, on matter (II 4[12]) 普罗提诺:物质与他性，论物质(II 4[12])
Epoch Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20059212
Gary M. Gurtler
{"title":"Plotinus : Matter and otherness, on matter (II 4[12])","authors":"Gary M. Gurtler","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20059212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20059212","url":null,"abstract":"An examination of Plotinus's treatise on matter, II 4[12],reveals interesting paradoxes. He seems to use Aristotle's matter to explain Plato's receptade.Attention to the text reveals that both matter and the receptacle are, in fact, recast in terms of the otherness of Plato's Sophist. By this, Plotinus articulates how matter and the receptacle function as the condition of possibility for the sensible cosmos. His analysis of related terms further supports this rapprochement: privation and substrate exclude quality and quantity as attributes of matter; and the indefinite, the unlimited, size and mass echo the paradoxical language of the Timaeus.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121349692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Praxis and Logos in Aristotle: On the Meaning of Reason and Speech for Human Life and Action 亚里士多德的实践与逻各斯:论理性与言语对人类生活与行为的意义
Epoch Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20059218
Friederike Rese
{"title":"Praxis and Logos in Aristotle: On the Meaning of Reason and Speech for Human Life and Action","authors":"Friederike Rese","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20059218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20059218","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a summary of the main results of a more extended study published in German as a book entitled \"Praxis und Logos bei Aristoteles\" (Friederike Rese, Praxis und Logos bei Aristoteles. Handlung, Vernunft undRede in 'Nikomachischer Ethik,' 'Rhetorik' und 'Politik,' Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003). My thesis with regard to the relation of praxis and logos in Aristotle is that logos is not only responsible for determining human life and action, but also for their indeterminacy. Taking the forms of reason and speech, logos can determine the life of an individual agent as well as of a community of agents. With regard to individual life, I investigate which moments of the soul determine individual action and how they can be addressed by the speech of others. With regard to public life, I show how public speech and law are relevant to the organization of political life in a community. Finally, I consider the ontological and logical foundations of the determination of human action. Here it will become clear why logos grounds both the determination as well as the indeterminacy of human life and action.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122565457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Language Between Voice and Writing: On Philosophy as Deconstruction and Dialectic 话语与书写之间的语言:论哲学的解构与辩证法
Epoch Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20059220
Gunter Figal
{"title":"Language Between Voice and Writing: On Philosophy as Deconstruction and Dialectic","authors":"Gunter Figal","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20059220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20059220","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the relationship between philosophy and rhetoric. It argues that philosophical claims are bound to language, and yet philosophy's claim to objective clarity is meaningless if language is radically perspectival. The paper attempts to show the limitations and possibilities that Platonic dialectics and Derridean deconstruction share in their respective approaches to the analysis of language and the relationship between speech and writing. The paper concludes that language is ambiguous, neither reducible to the relativism of sophistry nor to the essentialism of metaphysics. Against Derrida, the paper argues that without structure, voice is not language; it renders only inarticulate sounds. Yet in speaking, this structural aspect gets taken for granted and passed over. Only when language is established in writing is the possibility of voice first recognized.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128773429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
In Defense of Socrates: The Stranger’s Role in Plato’s Sophist 为苏格拉底辩护:陌生人在柏拉图《诡辩家》中的角色
Epoch Pub Date : 2005-10-01 DOI: 10.5840/EPOCHE20059221
Corinne M. Painter
{"title":"In Defense of Socrates: The Stranger’s Role in Plato’s Sophist","authors":"Corinne M. Painter","doi":"10.5840/EPOCHE20059221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/EPOCHE20059221","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay I argue that the Stranger's interest in keeping the philosopher and the sophist distinct is connected, primarily, to his assessment of the charges of sophistry advanced against Socrates, which compels him todefend Socrates from these unduly advanced accusations. On this basis, I establish that the Stranger's task in the Sophist, namely to keep philosophy distinct from sophistry, is intimately tied to the project of securing justice and is therefore not merely of theoretical importance but is also-and essentially-of political and ethical significance.","PeriodicalId":202733,"journal":{"name":"Epoch","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129854419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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