PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2358241
Mariangela Scavone, Bianca Clerici, Eti Alessandra Femia, Claudia Ghali, Antonella Fioretti, Elena Bossi, Marco Cattaneo, Gian Marco Podda
{"title":"A case of acquired transient bleeding diathesis associated with acquired platelet storage pool deficiency and defective thromboxane A2 production.","authors":"Mariangela Scavone, Bianca Clerici, Eti Alessandra Femia, Claudia Ghali, Antonella Fioretti, Elena Bossi, Marco Cattaneo, Gian Marco Podda","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2358241","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2358241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquired disorders of platelet function are an underdiagnosed cause of bleeding tendency. A 14-year-old girl developed moderate mucocutaneous bleeding two weeks after a <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> infection successfully treated with clarithromycin. The patient was referred to us 7 months later for laboratory investigation of the persisting bleeding diathesis. The patient's personal and family histories were negative for bleeding disorders. Complete blood count, von Willebrand Factor levels and coagulation tests were normal; platelet aggregation, ATP secretion, δ-granules content and serum thromboxane B2 levels were defective. At follow-up visits, laboratory parameters and the bleeding diathesis progressively normalized within 2 years. The patient's condition is compatible with a diagnosis of acquired Storage Pool Deficiency (SPD), associated with defective thromboxane A2 production. To our knowledge, this is the first case of acquired, transient SPD with spontaneous remission. The pathogenic role of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> infection or clarithromycin is possible, albeit uncertain.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2358241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2422437
Clotilde Joubert, Alexei Grichine, Monika Dolega, Sophie Michallet, Florence Appaix, Isabelle Tardieux, Laurence Lafanechère, Karin Sadoul
{"title":"Spatial and temporal characterization of cytoskeletal reorganizations in adherent platelets.","authors":"Clotilde Joubert, Alexei Grichine, Monika Dolega, Sophie Michallet, Florence Appaix, Isabelle Tardieux, Laurence Lafanechère, Karin Sadoul","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2422437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2024.2422437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The functional role of platelets is intricately linked to the dynamic organization of two main components of the cytoskeleton, microtubules and actin fibers. Throughout the phases of platelet activation, spreading, and retraction, both of these essential polymers undergo continuous and orchestrated reorganization. Our investigation of the dynamic cytoskeletal changes during these phases highlights a sequential remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in adherent platelets from the formation of initial actin nodules through the development of stress fibers and a subsequent return to nodular structures. Concurrently, the marginal ring of microtubules, characteristic of resting platelets, undergoes a re-organization induced by marginal band extension and coiling toward the formation of star-like bundles of microtubules. Subsequently, these bundles are dispersed into individual microtubules, which are re-bundled at later stages before ring-like structures are formed again. These findings suggest a compelling tendency for both cytoskeletal components to revert to their original configurations. Notably, the early steps of platelet cytoskeleton reorganizations have previously been shown to be regulated by the signaling cascade triggered during platelet activation, which leads to an increase of cytosolic calcium concentrations. We show here that later steps are potentially regulated by a progressive decrease of intracellular calcium concentrations as platelets approach the end of their functional lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2422437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2413713
Céline Tolksdorf, Andrea Seidel, Christian Baume, Eileen Moritz, Karen Saljé, Kathrin Lehmann, Karsten Becker, Ulrike Garscha, Thomas Thiele, Edzard Schwedhelm, Mirjam von Lucadou, Mladen V Tzvetkov, Stefan Engeli, Gabriele Jedlitschky, Bernhard H Rauch
{"title":"Enhanced platelet sensitization is accompanied by increased expression of the transporter MRP4 and elevated plasma S1P levels in mild COVID-19 convalescents.","authors":"Céline Tolksdorf, Andrea Seidel, Christian Baume, Eileen Moritz, Karen Saljé, Kathrin Lehmann, Karsten Becker, Ulrike Garscha, Thomas Thiele, Edzard Schwedhelm, Mirjam von Lucadou, Mladen V Tzvetkov, Stefan Engeli, Gabriele Jedlitschky, Bernhard H Rauch","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2413713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2024.2413713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viral infections can lead to platelet activation and hemostatic complications. However, the extent to which platelet reactivity remains altered after convalescence, contributing to long-term health impairments as observed after COVID-19 is not yet fully understood. Therefore, we conducted a cohort study (DRKS00025217) to determine platelet function in individuals convalesced from mild COVID-19. Assays were performed <i>ex vivo</i> with blood from convalescents at 2-15 weeks and 6-10 months after convalescence, focusing on platelet aggregation, activation markers, and thrombin formation. In addition, two other potentially relevant factors for platelet function were examined: the immunomodulatory mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the platelet expression of the transporter MRP4 (ABCC4). Our findings indicate that robust platelet functions, including platelet aggregation determined by light transmission aggregometry, and thrombin formation, were not altered in convalescents compared to matched control individuals. However, an elevation in subtle platelet activation markers, such as P-selectin surface expression and activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, was observed 2-15 weeks after convalescence. This was accompanied by an increased expression of MRP4 in platelets and significantly elevated levels of S1P in platelet-poor plasma. Our findings suggest increased platelet sensitization and a pro-inflammatory state even after convalescence from mild COVID-19, pointing toward MRP4 and S1P as associated factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2413713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2344512
Abigail S McGovern, Pia Larsson, Volga Tarlac, Natasha Setiabakti, Leila Shabani Mashcool, Justin R Hamilton, Niklas Boknäs, Juan Nunez-Iglesias
{"title":"Finding and following: a deep learning-based pipeline for tracking platelets during thrombus formation <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i>.","authors":"Abigail S McGovern, Pia Larsson, Volga Tarlac, Natasha Setiabakti, Leila Shabani Mashcool, Justin R Hamilton, Niklas Boknäs, Juan Nunez-Iglesias","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2344512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2024.2344512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last decade has seen increasing use of advanced imaging techniques in platelet research. However, there has been a lag in the development of image analysis methods, leaving much of the information trapped in images. Herein, we present a robust analytical pipeline for finding and following individual platelets over time in growing thrombi. Our pipeline covers four steps: detection, tracking, estimation of tracking accuracy, and quantification of platelet metrics. We detect platelets using a deep learning network for image segmentation, which we validated with proofreading by multiple experts. We then track platelets using a standard particle tracking algorithm and validate the tracks with custom image sampling - essential when following platelets within a dense thrombus. We show that our pipeline is more accurate than previously described methods. To demonstrate the utility of our analytical platform, we use it to show that <i>in vivo</i> thrombus formation is much faster than that <i>ex vivo</i>. Furthermore, platelets <i>in vivo</i> exhibit less passive movement in the direction of blood flow. Our tools are free and open source and written in the popular and user-friendly Python programming language. They empower researchers to accurately find and follow platelets in fluorescence microscopy experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2344512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2336104
Tomás José González-López, Abelardo Bárez, Ángel Bernardo-Gutiérrez, Silvia Bernat, Fernando Fernández-Fuertes, José María Guinea de Castro, Reyes Jiménez-Bárcenas, Isidro Jarque
{"title":"Real-life clinical practice in Spain in the setting of new drug availability for ITP treatment. A Delphi-based Spanish expert panel consensus.","authors":"Tomás José González-López, Abelardo Bárez, Ángel Bernardo-Gutiérrez, Silvia Bernat, Fernando Fernández-Fuertes, José María Guinea de Castro, Reyes Jiménez-Bárcenas, Isidro Jarque","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2336104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2024.2336104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune hematological disorder. Despite this, diagnosis is still challenging due to clinical heterogeneity and the lack of a specific diagnostic test. New findings in the pathology and the availability of new drugs have led to the development of different guidelines worldwide. In the present study, the Delphi methodology has been used to get a consensus on the management of adult patients with ITP in Spain and to help in decision-making. The Delphi questionnaire has been designed by a scientific ad hoc committee and has been divided into 13 topics, with a total of 127 items, covering the maximum possible scenarios for the management of ITP. As a result of the study, a total consensus of 81% has been reached. It is concluded that this Delphi consensus provides practical recommendations on topics related to diagnosis and management of ITP patients to help doctors to improve outcomes. Some aspects remain unclear, without consensus among the experts. Thus, more advances are needed to optimize ITP management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2336104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hemin regulates platelet clearance in hemolytic disease by binding to GPIbα.","authors":"Man Zhao, Dongxin Peng, Yuxuan Li, Minwei He, Yulong Zhang, Qianqian Zhou, Sujing Sun, Ping Ma, Liping Lv, Xiaohui Wang, Linsheng Zhan","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2383642","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2383642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemolysis is associated with thrombosis and vascular dysfunction, which are the pathological components of many diseases. Hemolytic products, including hemoglobin and hemin, activate platelets (PLT). Despite its activation, the effect of hemolysis on platelet clearance remains unclear, It is critical to maintain a normal platelet count and ensure that circulating platelets are functionally viable. In this study, we used hemin, a degradation product of hemoglobin, as a potent agonist to treat platelets and simulate changes in vivo in mice. Hemin treatment induced activation and morphological changes in platelets, including an increase in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> levels, phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Fewer hemin-treated platelets were cleared by macrophages in the liver after transfusion than untreated platelets. Hemin bound to glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), the surface receptor in hemin-induced platelet activation and aggregation. Furthermore, hemin decreased GPIbα desialylation, as evidenced by reduced Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA- I) binding, which likely extended the lifetime of such platelets in vivo. These data provided new insight into the mechanisms of GPIbα-mediated platelet activation and clearance in hemolytic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2383642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2433750
Friedrich Reusswig, Olga An, Carsten Deppermann
{"title":"Platelet life cycle during aging: function, production and clearance.","authors":"Friedrich Reusswig, Olga An, Carsten Deppermann","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2433750","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2433750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platelets are important players in hemostasis. Alterations in platelet number and/or function lead to life-threatening conditions like thrombosis, myocardial infarction and stroke. During aging, changes at the cellular, organ and systemic level occur that affect platelet counts, platelet functionality, the expression of platelet surface receptors, clearance markers as well as their interactions with immune cells. Understanding how these changes influence platelets can help to prevent the alterations of hemostasis and thrombosis we observe in the elderly. In this review, we highlight the respective changes at important sites of the platelet life cycle: bone marrow, liver and spleen, but also show how alterations in immunity contribute. We point out the necessity for further research on age-related systemic alterations in these systems and their interplay with platelets to better understand the complex processes that cause alterations in the platelet life cycle during aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2433750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2415483
Monica Carpenedo, Arianna Zappaterra, Lorenzo Del Castello, Beatrice Ferrari, Giulia Cotilli, Davide Paolo Bernasconi, Sara Pezzatti, Filippo Sacco, Lorenza Borin, Andrea Carrer, Luisa Verga, Filippo Brioschi
{"title":"Feasibility and effectiveness of the prolonged use of eltrombopag in addition to immunosuppression in patients with acquired aplastic anemia: a single-center real-life experience.","authors":"Monica Carpenedo, Arianna Zappaterra, Lorenzo Del Castello, Beatrice Ferrari, Giulia Cotilli, Davide Paolo Bernasconi, Sara Pezzatti, Filippo Sacco, Lorenza Borin, Andrea Carrer, Luisa Verga, Filippo Brioschi","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2415483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2024.2415483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquired Aplastic Anemia (AAA) is a rare disease involving primary bone marrow failure with consequent pancytopenia. The addition of the synthetic thrombopoietin-receptor agonist eltrombopag (ELT) to standard immunosuppression for the treatment of AAA has led to improvements in hemopoietic outcomes of AAA. Most of the data on the use of ELT for AAA was based on a maximum of 6 months of therapy. However, in clinical practice, a longer use of ELT is often required. This paper presents a monocentric real-life experience with prolonged use of ELT in 10 patients with AAA, showing data on effectiveness and safety. In our cohort, a high rate of response to ELT added to standard immunosuppression in patients with varying grades of severity of AAA was reported. After a median (range) observation time of 47.5 (31-75) months, the treatment with ELT was feasible with an overall response probability of 70% and was not associated with any concerning adverse event. Two episodes of relapse were reported; no signs of evolution have been reported so far. In conclusion, ELT as a <i>dose-response-adjusted</i> prolonged therapy associated with standard immunosuppression in AAA patients not eligible for transplant seems to be feasible to consolidate and maintain the response.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2415483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2354833
Joanna-Marie Howes, Matthew T Harper
{"title":"Application of the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) to validate drug target engagement in platelets.","authors":"Joanna-Marie Howes, Matthew T Harper","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2354833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2024.2354833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small molecule drugs play a major role in the study of human platelets. Effective action of a drug requires it to bind to one or more targets within the platelet (target engagement). However, although <i>in vitro</i> assays with isolated proteins can be used to determine drug affinity to these targets, additional factors affect target engagement and its consequences in an intact platelet, including plasma membrane permeability, intracellular metabolism or compartmentalization, and level of target expression. Mechanistic interpretation of the effect of drugs on platelet activity requires comprehensive investigation of drug binding in the proper cellular context, i.e. in intact platelets. The Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) is a valuable method to investigate target engagement within complex cellular environments. The assay is based on the principle that drug binding to a target protein increases that protein's thermal stability. In this technical report, we describe the application of CETSA to platelets. We highlight CETSA as a quick and informative technique for confirming the direct binding of drugs to platelet protein targets, providing a platform for understanding the mechanism of action of drugs in platelets, and which will be a valuable tool for investigating platelet signaling and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2354833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PlateletsPub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2316745
Yan Wei, Yihong Cheng, Hongjiang Wei, Yulan Wang, Xiaoxin Zhang, Richard J Miron, Yufeng Zhang, Shanglan Qing
{"title":"Development of a super-hydrophilic anaerobic tube for the optimization of platelet-rich fibrin.","authors":"Yan Wei, Yihong Cheng, Hongjiang Wei, Yulan Wang, Xiaoxin Zhang, Richard J Miron, Yufeng Zhang, Shanglan Qing","doi":"10.1080/09537104.2024.2316745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2024.2316745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Horizontal platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF) contains a variety of bioactive growth factors and cytokines that play a key role in the process of tissue healing and regeneration. The blood collection tubes used to produce Solid-PRF (plasmatrix (PM) tubes) have previously been shown to have a great impact on the morphology, strength and composition of the final H-PRF clot. Therefore, modification to PM tubes is an important step toward the future optimization of PRF. To this end, we innovatively modified the inner wall surface of the PM tubes with plasma and adjusted the gas environment inside the PM tubes to prepare super-hydrophilic anaerobic plasmatrix tubes (SHAP tubes). It was made anaerobic for the preparation of H-PRF with the aim of improving mechanical strength and bioactivity. The findings demonstrated that an anaerobic environment stimulated platelet activation within the PRF tubes. After compression, the prepared H-PRF membrane formed a fibrous cross-linked network with high fracture strength, ideal degradation characteristics, in addition to a significant increase in size. Thereafter, the H-PRF membranes prepared by the SHAP tubes significantly promoted collagen synthesis of gingival fibroblast and the mineralization of osteoblasts while maintaining excellent biocompatibility, and advantageous antibacterial properties. In conclusion, the newly modified PRF tubes had better platelet activation properties leading to better mechanical strength, a longer degradation period, and better regenerative properties in oral cell types including gingival fibroblast and alveolar osteoblasts. It also improves the success rate of H-PRF preparation in patients with coagulation dysfunction and expands the clinical application scenario.</p>","PeriodicalId":20268,"journal":{"name":"Platelets","volume":"35 1","pages":"2316745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139932584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}