D. Castellanos, P. Martin, M. Mccourt, M. Kearns, J. Butterfield, P. Cassidy
{"title":"Densification of fibre-reinforced composite polymers under rotational moulding conditions","authors":"D. Castellanos, P. Martin, M. Mccourt, M. Kearns, J. Butterfield, P. Cassidy","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2108985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2108985","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present work investigated the effect of fibre's presence on the densification of rotomoulding-grade polyethylene. Nevertheless, the presence of fibres during densification directly impacts the current understanding of how densification works during heating. The present work focuses fibre-reinforced polymer densification to study the effect of fibre addition on bubble formation during this process. A densification test was developed to observe and measure fibre addition's effect on polymer densification and bubble disappearance. The test focused on measuring the cross-section area corresponding to bubbles appearing in the melt and comparing results to clarify whether fibre addition alters this process. Results showed that, although heating parameters and particle size affect bubble morphology and disappearance, fibres’ presence does not substantially affect the bubbles. Finally, results showed that polymer-fibre characterisation plays a crucial role in sintering and densification, and work is continuing to present conclusions about how sintering and densification affect the full-scale manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"138 1","pages":"423 - 435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79795974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of different bonding strategies for glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin with embedded elastomer layers","authors":"J. Semar, D. May, P. Mitschang","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2111512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2111512","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Embedding elastomer layers in fibre reinforced polymer composites can be used to improve their performance. In this work, the creation of such composites via resin transfer moulding has been experimentally investigated with a focus on bonding between elastomer and composite layers. Different process variants were used and tests similar to ISO 6922 were performed to determine bonding strength. Bonding strengths were similar for most process variants (4–5 MPa), but differences in failure mode were observed. When the elastomer was vulcanised before injection (co-bonding), the specimens failed adhesively but microsections show a homogenous material. When injection was done prior or simultaneously (co-curing) to vulcanisation, cohesive or combined failure could be achieved but microsections reveal pores in the elastomer. This makes co-curing promising for structural applications but further research is necessary to achieve a flawless material. Co-bonding is a simpler process but adhesive failure is undesirable. However, it might be suitable for non-structural parts.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"16 1","pages":"454 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83846300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental and numerical characterisation of fibre orientation distributions in compression moulded carbon fibre SMC","authors":"C. Qian, D. Norman, M. Williams, K. Kendall","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2108984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2108984","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A main challenge in design with long discontinuous fibre-based sheet moulding compound (SMC) is to understand flow-induced fibre orientation in the part. There are very few experimental methods for characterising the fibre orientation distribution in carbon fibre SMC. Consequently, even though process simulation models for predicting fibre orientation have been developed, the confidence in using these models remains low. This research aims to study the fibre orientation distribution in compression moulded carbon fibre SMC using a combined experimental and numerical approach. A recently developed micro-CT scanning-based method will be adopted to study carbon fibre SMC samples of various sizes. The data collected from the experimental study will be used to assess the predictive validity of selected commercial process simulation packages.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"9 1","pages":"436 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78770575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigations on the mechanical properties of PLA/Flax fibre composites obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication","authors":"H. Ramezani Dana, M. El Mansori","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2110554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2110554","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The additive manufacturing technique has been used more and more recently because of the advantages it offers, in particular in terms of the geometrical complexity of the produced parts. Recently, researchers are increasingly interested in flax fibres as a natural reinforcing for polymer-based filaments manufactured via the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method, allowing their mechanical properties to be improved compared to the pure polymer. The mechanical properties of flax fibre-reinforced polylactic acid composite, obtained by the FFF process, are nevertheless not well known. The purpose of this study is to characterise the effect of manufacturing conditions as feed rate, build orientations, and layer thickness on the mechanical performance of PLA/Flax fibre composite. The mechanical characteristics of the materials were explored at the part scale considered as macroscopic scale and at the filament scale considered as mesoscopic scale. Microstructural analyses are performed to reveal the rupture mechanism at the microscopic scale.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"19 1","pages":"393 - 406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81940661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Çelik, T. Noble, A. Haseeb, James M. Maguire, C. Robert, C. O. Ó Brádaigh
{"title":"Contact resistance heating of unidirectional carbon fibre tows in a powder-epoxy towpregging line","authors":"M. Çelik, T. Noble, A. Haseeb, James M. Maguire, C. Robert, C. O. Ó Brádaigh","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2108982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2108982","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Contact resistances play a major role in Joule heating systems. Identifying contact resistances provides a better understanding of the heating process and increases the accuracy of the process models. In this study, contact resistances of the Joule heating section in a powder-epoxy-based towpregging line were explored. For different process parameters, such as production speed, tension, and temperature, contact resistances occurring between metal roller electrodes and dry carbon fibre tows (i.e. without powder-epoxy) were measured to gain an insight into the heating process. Moreover, the effect of contact resistance heating on the temperature profile of the carbon fibre tows was determined with an infrared thermal camera. A simplified finite element model was developed to calculate the temperature distribution onthe carbon fibre tow, which showed a good agreement with the experimental data. Results suggest that contact resistances in the towpregging line were significant and contact resistance heating changed the heating profile.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"1 1","pages":"383 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89803939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transverse liquid composite moulding processes for advanced composites material manufacturing","authors":"Jeeeun Lee, M. Duhovic, T. Allen, P. Kelly","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2108983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2108983","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hydrodynamic compaction behaviour in transverse (through-thickness) impregnation variants of Liquid Composite Moulding (LCM) results in a non-homogeneous fibre volume fraction distribution. A fully coupled simulation model of the entire family of transverse resin infusion/compression processes is presented, which simulates the hydrodynamic compaction behaviour and predicts the process time, fluid pressure, effective stress, and fibre volume fraction distribution. The model is applied to the compression of a saturated preform stack, resin injection into a dry preform, and Compression Resin Transfer Moulding. The simulations are verified using analytic solutions and validated against experimental results from the literature. Special forms of the constitutive equations are constructed to lead to a constant diffusion coefficient, and the resulting model is solved semi-analytically. The results are used to verify the full non-linear simulation model. Additionally, it is shown that assumptions of quasi-steady flow and uniform deformation introduce significant errors in processes involving direct piston compaction of the fibre preform.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"62 1","pages":"373 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80613991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faisal Manzoor, A. Golbang, A. Mcilhagger, E. Harkin-jones, Daniel Crawford, E. Mancuso
{"title":"Effect of Zn-nanoHA concentration on the mechanical performance and bioactivity of 3D printed PEEK composites for craniofacial implants","authors":"Faisal Manzoor, A. Golbang, A. Mcilhagger, E. Harkin-jones, Daniel Crawford, E. Mancuso","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2108986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2108986","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the mechanical performance and bioactive potential of polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-based composites. PEEK powder is mixed with up to 20 wt-% zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite (ZnHA) powder to extrude filaments. Subsequently, 3D-printed samples are prepared via fused deposition modelling (FDM). Micro-Computed Tomography (µ-CT) analysis shows the distribution of ZnHA particles in extruded filaments. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the functional groups in 3D-printed samples. The tensile testing results showed that at higher concentration of ZnHA, the strength and strain at failure decrease, while the elastic modulus increases within the acceptable range of human cortical bone. Bioactivity tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 14 days illustrate the formation of apatite precipitates on the composite samples’ surface compared to pure PEEK. Based on the results, it can be concluded that FDM 3D-printing of PEEK/ZnHA composites can be used effectively in manufacturing customised craniofacial/orthopedic implants.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"4 1","pages":"197 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84715829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Doğan, Z. Gündüz, B. K. Kızılduman, Pınar Turan Beyli, Y. Turhan, Serap Doğan, M. E. Diken
{"title":"Thermal stability and rheological properties of PMMA/B2O3 nanocomposites synthesised by melting method","authors":"M. Doğan, Z. Gündüz, B. K. Kızılduman, Pınar Turan Beyli, Y. Turhan, Serap Doğan, M. E. Diken","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2106727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2106727","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nano boron oxide (B2O3) was firstly produced from granular B2O3 by ball milling under cryogenic conditions. Then, PMMA/B2O3 nanocomposites were synthesized by melting method and then characterized. Finally, the rheological properties of PMMA/B2O3 nanocomposite were investigated using a high pressure capillary rheometer. Brauner-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area analysis showed that the surface area of B2O3 increased with cryogenic grinding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that B2O3 particles were nano-sized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the morphology changed with the increase of B2O3 amount. The thermal stability of nanocomposites was found to be better than PMMA. PMMA degraded in two steps, while nanocomposites degraded in one step. It was determined that the amount of residue increased with increasing amount of B2O3. Both PMMA and nanocomposites exhibited non-Newtonian shear thinning flow behavior. In addition, rheological data were found to be highly compatible with the Power Law model.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"14 1","pages":"186 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76018397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymer/carbon pin through thickness reinforcement","authors":"W. Moses, T. Dooher, A. Mcilhagger, E. Archer","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2108981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2108981","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This work discusses the development and refinement of a polymer/fibre through thickness reinforcement method. Similar in initial concept to the traditional metalworking process of riveting this allows the manufacture of through thickness reinforced 2-D preforms. Pins are placed with deliberate excess length using a veterinary needle to part in-plane fibres. A lay-up with an array of pins is then subjected to a hot-press process flattening the pin ends resulting in a consolidated preform. This preform exhibits useful characteristics such as the ability to be cut and reformed to a new topology, with the through thickness reinforcement also conforming to the new shape. Refinements to the process introduce a multi-stage press process aimed at improving pin orientation with both original and refined processes evaluated using ASTM D5528 to determine the effect on interlaminar fracture toughness.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"1 1","pages":"445 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82277719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-speed impact analysis of reinforced GFRP sandwich structure with lattice core using experimental and finite element methods","authors":"Himan Khaledi, Y. Rostamiyan","doi":"10.1080/14658011.2022.2103621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14658011.2022.2103621","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High-speed impact behaviour of composite sandwich panels reinforced by nano-SiO2 has been studied in the present article. The sandwich panels were manufactured by glass/fibre epoxy composite face sheets and an M-shaped core using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) method. To enhance the mechanical strength of the matrix, especially impact resistance, the nanoparticles were added to the resin epoxy matrix as filler. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilised to observe the microscopic structure of the composites. The experimental results indicated that adding 1–3 wt-% of nano-SiO2 into the matrix remarkably increased the impact resistance of the composite. In order to validate the results, the experimental data were compared to the finite element models, and good agreement was observed.","PeriodicalId":20245,"journal":{"name":"Plastics, Rubber and Composites","volume":"319 1","pages":"171 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77624323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}