Plant Direct最新文献

{"title":"Identification and expression of strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes and the in vitro effects of strigolactones in olive (Olea europaea L.)","authors":"Aslıhan Özbilen, Fatih Sezer, Kemal Melih Taşkin","doi":"10.1002/pld3.568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.568","url":null,"abstract":"Strigolactones (SLs), synthesized in plant roots, play a dual role in modulating plant growth and development, and in inducing the germination of parasitic plant seeds and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. As phytohormones, SLs are crucial in regulating branching and shaping plant architecture. Despite the significant impact of branching strategies on the yield performance of fruit crops, limited research has been conducted on SLs in these crops. In our study, we identified the transcript sequences of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes in olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We predicted the corresponding protein sequences, analyzed their characteristics, and conducted molecular docking with bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, we quantified the expression levels of these genes in various tissues using quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings demonstrate the predominant expression of SL biosynthesis and signaling genes (<i>OeD27</i>, <i>OeMAX3</i>, <i>OeMAX4</i>, <i>OeMAX1</i>, <i>OeD14</i>, and <i>OeMAX2</i>) in roots and lateral buds, highlighting their importance in branching. Treatment with <i>rac</i>-GR24, an SL analog, enhanced the germination frequency of olive seeds in vitro compared with untreated embryos. Conversely, inhibition of SL biosynthesis with TIS108 increased lateral bud formation in a hard-to-root cultivar, underscoring the role of SLs as phytohormones in olives. These results suggest that modifying SL biosynthesis and signaling pathways could offer novel approaches for olive breeding, with potential applicability to other fruit crops.","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139969717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fibrous scaffold for in vitro culture and experimental studies of Physcomitrium patens","authors":"Ryan Calcutt, Yasaman Aghli, Treena Arinzeh, Ram Dixit","doi":"10.1002/pld3.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.570","url":null,"abstract":"The model moss, <i>Physcomitrium patens</i>, is routinely cultured on cellophane placed over a solid nutrient medium. While this culture method is convenient for moss propagation, it is not suitable for studying how topographical features and mechanical cues from the environment influence the growth and development of moss. Here, we show that <i>P. patens</i> can be grown on fibrous scaffolds consisting of nanoscale, randomly oriented fibers composed of polyvinylidene tri-fluoroethylene (NRP). The moss adheres tightly to NRP in contrast to the lack of adhesion to cellophane. Adhesion to the scaffold is associated with slower tip growth of moss protonema for some time, followed by an increase in tip growth rate that is equivalent to that on cellophane. In addition, the orientation of the first subapical cell division plane differs between NRP-grown and cellophane-grown protonema. Nonetheless, moss colonies grown on NRP did not show signs of nutrient or photosynthetic stress and developed normal gametophores. Together, these data establish NRP as a suitable substrate for the culture of <i>P. patens</i> and to probe the influence of mechanical forces on tip growth and cell division of moss.","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The melon Fom-1–Prv resistance gene pair: Correlated spatial expression and interaction with a viral protein","authors":"Michael Normantovich, Arie Amitzur, Sharon Offri, Ekaterina Pashkovsky, Yula Shnaider, Shahar Nizan, Ohad Yogev, Avi Jacob, Christopher G. Taylor, Cécile Desbiez, Steven A. Whitham, Amalia Bar-Ziv, Rafael Perl-Treves","doi":"10.1002/pld3.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.565","url":null,"abstract":"The head-to-head oriented pair of melon resistance genes, <i>Fom-1</i> and <i>Prv</i>, control resistance to <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> races 0 and 2 and papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), respectively. They encode, via several RNA splice variants, TIR-NBS-LRR proteins, and Prv has a C-terminal extra domain with a second NBS homologous sequence. In other systems, paired R-proteins were shown to operate by “labor division,” with one protein having an extra integrated domain that directly binds the pathogen's Avr factor, and the second protein executing the defense response. We report that the expression of the two genes in two pairs of near-isogenic lines was higher in the resistant isoline and inducible by <i>F. oxysporum</i> race 2 but not by PRSV. The intergenic DNA region separating the coding sequences of the two genes acted as a bi-directional promoter and drove GUS expression in transgenic melon roots and transgenic tobacco plants. Expression of both genes was strong in melon root tips, around the root vascular cylinder, and the phloem and xylem parenchyma of tobacco stems and petioles. The pattern of GUS expression suggests coordinated expression of the two genes. In agreement with the above model, Prv's extra domain was shown to interact with the cylindrical inclusion protein of PRSV both in yeast cells and <i>in planta</i>.","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139767929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The maize <i>striate leaves2</i> (<i>sr2</i>) gene encodes a conserved DUF3732 domain and is homologous to the rice <i>yss1</i> gene.","authors":"Meghan J Brady, Maya Cheam, Jonathan I Gent, R Kelly Dawe","doi":"10.1002/pld3.567","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize s<i>triate leaves2</i> (<i>sr2</i>) is a mutant that causes white stripes on leaves that has been used in mapping studies for decades though the underlying gene has not been identified. The <i>sr2</i> locus has been previously mapped to small regions of normal chromosome 10 (N10) and a rearranged variant called abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10). A comparison of assembled genomes carrying N10 and Ab10 revealed only five candidate <i>sr2</i> genes. Analysis of a stock carrying the <i>sr2</i> reference allele (<i>sr2-ref</i>) showed that one of the five genes has a transposon insertion that disrupts its protein sequence and has a severe reduction in mRNA. An independent Mutator transposon insertion in the gene (<i>sr2-Mu</i>) failed to complement the <i>sr2-ref</i> mutation, and plants homozygous for <i>sr2-Mu</i> showed white striped leaf margins. The <i>sr2</i> gene encodes a DUF3732 protein with strong homology to a rice gene with a similar mutant phenotype called <i>young seedling stripe1</i> (<i>yss1</i>). These and other published data suggest that <i>sr2</i> may have a function in plastid gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 2","pages":"e567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinity inhibits seed germination and embryo growth by reducing starch mobilization efficiency in barley","authors":"Min Xiong, Jian Xu, Zhou Zhou, Bin Peng, Yuxiang Shen, Huiquan Shen, Xiao Xu, Changya Li, Lina Deng, Gongneng Feng","doi":"10.1002/pld3.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.564","url":null,"abstract":"Barley is one of the world's earliest domesticated crops, which is widely used for beer production, animal feeding, and health care. Barley seed germination, particularly in increasingly saline soils, is key to ensure the safety of crop production. However, the mechanism of salt-affected seed germination in barley remains elusive. Here, two different colored barley varieties were used to independently study the regulation mechanism of salt tolerance during barley seed germination. High salinity delays barley seed germination by slowing down starch mobilization efficiency in seeds. The starch plate test revealed that salinity had a significant inhibitory effect on α-amylase activity in barley seeds. Further, NaCl treatment down-regulated the expression of <i>Amy1</i>, <i>Amy2</i> and <i>Amy3</i> genes in germinated seeds, thereby inhibiting α-amylase activity. In addition, the result of embryogenic culture system in vitro showed that the shoot elongation of barley was significantly inhibited by salt stress. These findings indicate that it is a feasible idea to study the regulation mechanism of salinity on barley seed germination and embryo growth from the aspect of starch-related source-sink communication.","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139667386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced metabolic detoxification is associated with fluroxypyr resistance in <i>Bassia scoparia</i>.","authors":"Olivia E Todd, Eric L Patterson, Eric P Westra, Scott J Nissen, André Lucas Simões Araujo, William B Kramer, Franck E Dayan, Todd A Gaines","doi":"10.1002/pld3.560","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auxin-mimic herbicides chemically mimic the phytohormone indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA). Within the auxin-mimic herbicide class, the herbicide fluroxypyr has been extensively used to control kochia (<i>Bassia scoparia</i>). A 2014 field survey for herbicide resistance in kochia populations across Colorado identified a putative fluroxypyr-resistant (Flur-R) population that was assessed for response to fluroxypyr and dicamba (auxin-mimics), atrazine (photosystem II inhibitor), glyphosate (EPSPS inhibitor), and chlorsulfuron (acetolactate synthase inhibitor). This population was resistant to fluroxypyr and chlorsulfuron but sensitive to glyphosate, atrazine, and dicamba. Subsequent dose-response studies determined that Flur-R was 40 times more resistant to fluroxypyr than a susceptible population (J01-S) collected from the same field survey (LD₅₀ 720 and 20 g ae ha^-1, respectively). Auxin-responsive gene expression increased following fluroxypyr treatment in Flur-R, J01-S, and in a dicamba-resistant, fluroxypyr-susceptible line 9,425 in an RNA-sequencing experiment. In Flur-R, several transcripts with molecular functions for conjugation and transport were constitutively higher expressed, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucosyl transferase (GT), and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters). After analyzing metabolic profiles over time, both Flur-R and J01-S rapidly converted [¹⁴C]-fluroxypyr ester, the herbicide formulation applied to plants, to [¹⁴C]-fluroxypyr acid, the biologically active form of the herbicide, and three unknown metabolites. The formation and flux of these metabolites were faster in Flur-R than J01-S, reducing the concentration of phytotoxic fluroxypyr acid. One unique metabolite was present in Flur-R that was not present in the J01-S metabolic profile. Gene sequence variant analysis specifically for auxin receptor and signaling proteins revealed the absence of non-synonymous mutations affecting auxin signaling and binding in candidate auxin target site genes, further supporting our hypothesis that non-target site metabolic degradation is contributing to fluroxypyr resistance in Flur-R.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 1","pages":"e560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10807189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139546036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phosphorylation-deficient ribosomal protein eS6 is largely functional in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, rescuing mutant defects from global translation and gene expression to photosynthesis and growth.","authors":"Anwesha Dasgupta, Ricardo A Urquidi Camacho, Ramya Enganti, Sung Ki Cho, Lindsey L Tucker, John S Torreverde, Paul E Abraham, Albrecht G von Arnim","doi":"10.1002/pld3.566","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The eukaryote-specific ribosomal protein of the small subunit eS6 is phosphorylated through the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase pathway. Although this phosphorylation event responds dynamically to environmental conditions and has been studied for over 50 years, its biochemical and physiological significance remains controversial and poorly understood. Here, we report data from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, which indicate that plants expressing only a phospho-deficient isoform of eS6 grow essentially normally under laboratory conditions. The eS6z (<i>RPS6A</i>) paralog of eS6 functionally rescued a double mutant in both <i>rps6a</i> and <i>rps6b</i> genes when expressed at approximately twice the wild-type dosage. A mutant isoform of eS6z lacking the major six phosphorylatable serine and threonine residues in its carboxyl-terminal tail also rescued the lethality, rosette growth, and polyribosome loading of the double mutant. This isoform also complemented many mutant phenotypes of <i>rps6</i> that were newly characterized here, including photosynthetic efficiency, and most of the gene expression defects that were measured by transcriptomics and proteomics. However, compared with plants rescued with a phospho-enabled version of eS6z, the phospho-deficient seedlings retained a mild pointed-leaf phenotype, root growth was reduced, and certain cell cycle-related mRNAs and ribosome biogenesis proteins were misexpressed. The residual defects of the phospho-deficient seedlings could be understood as an incomplete rescue of the <i>rps6</i> mutant defects. There was little or no evidence for gain-of-function defects. As previously published, the phospho-deficient eS6z also rescued the <i>rps6a</i> and <i>rps6b</i> single mutants; however, phosphorylation of the eS6y (<i>RPS6B</i>) paralog remained lower than predicted, further underscoring that plants can tolerate phospho-deficiency of eS6 well. Our data also yield new insights into how plants cope with mutations in essential, duplicated ribosomal protein isoforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 1","pages":"e566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the function of the chloroplastic ribosome-associated GTPase high frequency of lysogenization X in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Marwa Mehrez, Cécile Lecampion, Hang Ke, Faten Gorsane, Ben Field","doi":"10.1002/pld3.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.559","url":null,"abstract":"Ribosome-associated GTPases are conserved enzymes that participate in ribosome biogenesis and ribosome function. In bacteria, recent studies have identified HflX as a ribosome-associated GTPase that is involved in both ribosome biogenesis and recycling under stress conditions. Plants possess a chloroplastic HflX homolog, but its function remains unknown. Here, we characterized the role of HflX in the plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Our findings show that HflX does not affect normal plant growth, nor does it play an essential role in acclimation to several different stresses, including heat, manganese, cold, and salt stress under the conditions tested. However, we found that HflX is required for plant resistance to chloroplast translational stress mediated by the antibiotic lincomycin. Our results suggest that HflX is a chloroplast ribosome-associated protein that may play a role in the surveillance of translation. These findings provide new insight into the function of HflX as a ribosome-associated GTPase in plants and highlight the importance of investigating conserved proteins in different organisms to gain a comprehensive understanding of their biological roles.","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsporogenesis and the biosynthesis of floral small interfering RNAs in coffee have a unique pattern among eudicots, suggesting a sensitivity to climate changes","authors":"Kellen Kauanne Pimenta de Oliveira, Raphael Ricon de Oliveira, Gabriel de Campos Rume, Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro, Christiane Noronha Fernandes-Brum, Laurence Rodrigues do Amaral, Atul Kakrana, Sandra Mathioni, Blake C. Meyers, Matheus de Souza Gomes, Antonio Chalfun-Junior","doi":"10.1002/pld3.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.561","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the siRNAs pathways, and especially reproductive phasiRNAs, have attracted attention in eudicots since their biological roles are still unknown and their biogenesis took different evolutionary pathways compared to monocots. In this work, we used <i>Coffea arabica</i> L., a recent allotetraploid formed from the hybridization of <i>Coffea canephora</i> and <i>C. eugenioides</i> unreduced gametes, to explore microsporogenesis and small RNAs-related pathways in a eudicot crop. First, we identified the microsporogenesis stages during anther development revealing that pre-meiosis occurs in anthers of 1.5 mm inside floral buds (FBs), whereas meiosis between 1.5 and 4.2 mm FBs, and post-meiosis in FBs larger than 4.2 mm. These stages coincide with the Brazilian winter, a period of FBs reduced growth which suggests temperature sensitivity. Next, we identified and quantified the expression of reproductive 21- and 24-nt phasiRNAs during coffee anther development together with their canonical and novel miRNA triggers, and characterized the DCL and AGO families. Our results showed that the pattern of reproductive phasiRNA abundance in <i>C. arabica</i> is unique among described eudicots and the canonical trigger car-miR2275 is involved in the processing of both 21- and 24-nt phasiRNAs. Fourteen DCL genes were identified, but DCL5, related to phasiRNA biosynthesis in monocots, was not, according to its specificity for monocots. Thus, our work explored the knowledge gap about microsporogenesis and related siRNAs pathways in coffee, contributing to the control of reproductive development and the improvement of fertility in eudicots.","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139409047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating saponin‐free yellow pea seeds by CRISPR/Cas9‐enabled mutagenesis on β‐amyrin synthase","authors":"Connor L Hodgins, Eman M. Salama, Rahul Kumar, Yang Zhao, Susan A. Roth, Irene Z. Cheung, Jieyu Chen, Gene C. Arganosa, Tom Warkentin, Pankaj Bhowmik, Byung‐Kook Ham, Dae-Kyun Ro","doi":"10.1002/pld3.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.563","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dry pea ( Pisum sativum ) seeds are valuable sources of plant protein, dietary fiber, and starch, but their uses in food products are restricted to some extent due to several off‐flavor compounds. Saponins are glycosylated triterpenoids and are a major source of bitter, astringent, and metallic off‐flavors in pea products. β‐amyrin synthase (BAS) is the entry point enzyme for saponin biosynthesis in pea and therefore is an ideal target for knock‐out using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to produce saponin deficient pea varieties. Here, in an elite yellow pea cultivar (CDC Inca), LC/MS analysis identified embryo tissue, not seed coat, as the main location of saponin storage in pea seeds. Differential expression analysis determined that PsBAS1 was preferentially expressed in embryo tissue relative to seed coat and was selected for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of PsBAS1 was systematically optimized in pea hairy roots. From these optimization procedures, the AtU6‐26 promoter was found to be superior to the CaMV35S promoter for gRNA expression, and the use of 37°C was determined to increase the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. These promoter and culture conditions were then applied to stable transformations. As a result, a bi‐allelic mutation (deletion and inversion mutations) was generated in the PsBAS1 coding sequence in a T1 plant, and the segregated psbas1 plants from the T2 population showed a 99.8% reduction of saponins in their seeds. Interestingly, a small but statistically significant increase (~12%) in protein content with a slight decrease (~5%) in starch content was observed in the psbas1 mutants under phytotron growth conditions. This work demonstrated that flavor‐improved traits can be readily introduced in any pea cultivar of interest using CRISPR/Cas9. Further field trials and sensory tests for improved flavor are necessary to assess the practical implications of the saponin‐free pea seeds in food applications.","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"85 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}