Plant Direct最新文献

{"title":"Snapshots From the Catalytic Landscape of Chalcone Isomerase.","authors":"Jason R Burke, Matthew A Rangel, Vanessa I Vasquez Meza, Hailey N Mims, Thomas O Darko, Kelwyn Ixcoy, Alfredo Ruiz Rivera, Jason Zhang, Emma R Wolf-Saxon, Chad C Moorman","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70200","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chalcone isomerase (CHI) catalyzes the cyclization of three-ring scaffolds of flavonoids, a class of plant-based natural products important for nutrition and disease prevention. A persistent question has been whether the enzyme uses protein dynamics to facilitate conformational rearrangements of substrates within the active site. To help resolve this question, CHI from <i>Medicago truncatula</i> was crystallized with phloretin, a flexible substrate analogue that cannot undergo cyclization, and solved to 2.0-Å resolution. The crystal structure possesses eight protein molecules per asymmetric unit, revealing different active site conformations that accommodate different bound conformers of phloretin. Together, the structural snapshots depict a series of coordinated, dynamic chemical interactions that lower barriers to substrate rearrangements approaching bond formation. Differential scanning fluorimetry combined with mutational analysis and enzyme kinetics further confirms that phloretin binds to the enzyme active site, and that it acts as a competitive inhibitor of CHI. Together, these findings answer outstanding questions about the flexibility and dynamics of CHI catalysis, information that may be useful for future biosynthetic design and enzyme engineering goals. Overall, this work supports a catalytic model in which the CHI enzyme operates as a dynamic ensemble of structures necessary to facilitate catalytic substrate rearrangements.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 10","pages":"e70200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Modular Base Editing Strategy, Free-BE, in <i>Physcomitrium patens</i>, Maize, and Wheat.","authors":"Anouchka Guyon-Debast, Marie Javelle, Pierre-François Perroud, Jean-Philippe Pichon, Wyatt Paul, Fabien Nogué","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Base editing (BE) technologies enable precise genome modification but often generate undesired editing outcomes, including indels, bystander edits, and editing outside the optimal activity windows. Here, we report a modular BE strategy, termed Free-BE, where the cytidine deaminase and Cas9 nickase are delivered as separate components rather than as a single fusion protein. In the moss <i>Physcomitrium patens</i>, Free-BE showed lower editing efficiency than the conventional fused system (Fused-BE). However, it generated fewer indels, a higher proportion of single-nucleotide edits, and reduced out-of-window editing. Free-BE also altered the spectrum of base substitutions, producing a higher proportion of C-to-G and C-to-A transversions than Fused-BE in <i>P. patens</i>. No mutations were detected at four predicted off-target loci examined <i>in P. patens</i>. We further validated Free-BE in crop systems. In a transient maize protoplast reporter assay, Free-BE achieved targeted base conversions, whereas stable transformation of wheat demonstrated successful editing of endogenous loci, although with lower efficiency than Fused-BE. In wheat, Free-BE similarly reduced multicytidine editing and by-products. Together, these results establish Free-BE as a functional modular BE strategy that broadens the plant genome-editing toolbox and may be advantageous for applications requiring greater control over editing outcomes, despite lower overall editing efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 10","pages":"e70196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian Oscillations in Branchlet Angle and Irradiance-Dependent Acclimation in <i>Chara braunii</i> Under Continuous Light.","authors":"Alena-Maria Maidel, Katarina Kurtović, Carolin M Heise, Stanislav Vosolsobě, Jan Petrášek, Stefan Timm, Hendrik Schubert","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endogenous biological rhythms are central to temporal organization in land plants, yet their evolutionary origins in streptophyte algae remain unresolved. We investigated whether rhythmic morpho-physiological processes in <i>Chara braunii</i> are consistent with endogenous regulation and how continuous light intensity modulates these responses. In <i>C. braunii</i>, time-lapse imaging, pigment quantification, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, and metabolomic profiling were conducted under continuous low (dim) light and continuous higher (regular) light conditions. Circadian oscillations in branchlet angle persisted under continuous dim light but were attenuated under continuous regular light, whereas internodal elongation showed only limited temporal structure. Pigment and metabolite measurements, obtained once per day under two different continuous light conditions, revealed intensity-dependent physiological adjustment, including changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and altered accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates such as malate and fumarate. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed no detectable temporal variation under the applied sampling scheme. Comparative genomic analyses identified putative homologs of several canonical land-plant clock-associated components, whereas canonical TOC1 and ZTL orthologs were not detected. Together, these results are consistent with the presence of endogenous regulatory components governing rhythmic outputs in <i>C. braunii</i>, while highlighting irradiance as a major modulator capable of suppressing these outputs. The parallel attenuation of rhythmic outputs and the shift toward a stress-associated metabolic profile under higher irradiance suggest that higher irradiance affects both endogenous regulatory outputs and physiological acclimation responses, although whether these processes are causally linked remains to be determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 10","pages":"e70194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639390/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149113935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progeny Differentiation in Faba Bean Using Hyperspectral Images and Machine Learning.","authors":"Rica-Hanna Schlichtermann, Sebastian Warnemünde, Hanna Tietgen, Gregor Welna, Andreas Stahl, Benjamin Wittkop, Rod J Snowdon","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Though currently a minor crop, faba bean is a promising source of plant-based protein as global diets shift towards more plant-based nutrition. To realize this potential, advances in breeding and cultivation are crucial. To exploit heterosis, faba bean breeding frequently utilizes synthetic cultivars, produced by open pollination of inbred lines, resulting in a mixture of F₁ hybrid seeds and self-pollinated offspring. Pure F₁ hybrid cultivars are currently unavailable due to unstable cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems. An ability to distinguish F₁ seeds from their parental inbreds based on characteristics associated with the xenia effect could change this. The xenia effect refers to the influence of paternal pollen on seed traits, for example, seed weight and cotyledon cells in faba bean. In this study, we exploited the xenia effect captured in hyperspectral imaging data to develop machine learning scenarios for discriminating between parental and F₁ seeds of open-pollinated synthetic combinations (Syn-1). The hyperspectral data were preprocessed using Savitzky-Golay filtering to reduce noise and smooth the spectra. Various machine learning algorithms were applied, incorporating Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. The scenarios achieved up to 98.9% accuracy in separating parental components of Syn-1. When including all seeds, the model achieved an F₁ score of 40.7%, indicating moderate detection and classification performance. As the harmonic mean of precision and recall, the F₁ score reflects both the correctness of F₁ seed identifications and the completeness with which F₁ seeds were identified. While this approach does not yet enable the development of full hybrid cultivars, it paves the way for hybrid-enriched cultivars. These could help to streamline breeding for synthetic cultivars and potentially increase yields, for example, by increasing the proportion of F₁ hybrid seeds in synthetic cultivars. This study extends knowledge of the xenia effect in faba bean and provides a basis for further research aimed at enhancing breeding methods and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 10","pages":"e70193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypobaric Resilience of Matrix Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Plants.","authors":"Hunter F Strickland, Talia Jacobson, Grace Smith, Cătălin Voiniciuc, Andrew C Schuerger, Anna-Lisa Paul, Robert Ferl","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Space habitats and transit vehicle interiors are proposed to operate at less than one Earth atmosphere (hypobaria) to minimize engineering costs in space-based bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS). Understanding how plants are affected by lower-pressure spaceflight environments and associated stressors will be vital for their use in life support within BLSS habitats. Whereas much is known about plant physiology in hypobaria, including the differential expression of genes involved in cell wall metabolism, little is known about the effects of hypobaria on plant cell wall matrix polysaccharide composition. The current study characterized the cell wall polysaccharide compositions of two Arabidopsis ecotypes and two mutants (<i>sweet11</i> and <i>pdc1</i>) affecting hypobaria-responsive genes. Seedlings were cultivated in four atmospheric pressure environments (33, 50, 75, and 98 kPa) for 3 days prior to cell wall profiling using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Cell wall matrix polysaccharides were not consistently altered in three independent experiments at the atmospheric pressures listed above. These results reveal the resilience of plant cell walls to hypobaric stress and provide encouraging results for plants within low-pressure space habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 10","pages":"e70190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13634927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Vitamin D Mitigates Salt Stress in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> via Ion Homeostasis and Calcium-Mediated Signaling.","authors":"Busra Özdemirci, Okkes Atıcı, Ismail Bezirganoglu, Ozkan Kaya","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> to salt stress and the potential of exogenous vitamin D application to alleviate these responses is critical for developing effective biostimulant strategies under increasing soil salinization. However, knowledge about how vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 mediate salt stress responses at the molecular level remains limited. The physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of <i>A. thaliana</i> Col-0 seedlings treated with exogenous vitamin D2 (50 ppm) and vitamin D3 (75 ppm) under 100 mM NaCl salt stress were investigated. Treatment significantly influenced all measured parameters. Both vitamin D forms consistently alleviated salt-induced damage, with combination treatments maintaining higher photosynthetic pigment content, better growth performance, and stronger suppression of oxidative stress markers (reduced MDA, H₂O₂, and superoxide anion) compared with salt stress alone. Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POX, APX, GR) were reduced under vitamin D treatment. Ion analysis revealed partial Na⁺ exclusion and elevated Ca²⁺ content under nonsaline vitamin D application, whereas RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated coordinated upregulation of SOS1 and NHX1 under vitamin D3 combination treatment, alongside modulation of CNGC10, GORK, and SIP3 expression. It is concluded that exogenous vitamin D enhanced salt tolerance in <i>A. thaliana</i> through calcium-mediated activation of Na⁺ exclusion and vacuolar sequestration pathways, with vitamin D3 appearing more effective for growth recovery and ionic regulation at the concentrations tested. The mechanistic insights provided by correlation and clustering analyses suggest that vitamin D operates as a genuine upstream regulator of salt stress signaling rather than a compensatory antioxidant supplement, offering a promising foundation for vitamin D-based biostimulant applications in saline agriculture. Relative to salt stress alone, the combination treatments lowered MDA by up to about 37% and hydrogen peroxide by roughly 83%, restored chlorophyll a to more than four times the salt-stressed value, and increased seedling dry weight by approximately 150%.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 10","pages":"e70192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turnip Mosaic Virus-Based gRNA Delivery System for Plant Genome Editing.","authors":"Ekkachai Khwanbua, Ryan R Lappe, Austin A Bierl, Steven A Whitham","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70191","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant virus-based gRNA delivery systems offer a rapid alternative to stable transformation for CRISPR-mediated genome editing, but potyvirus-based platforms in Cas9-expressing plants are still underexplored. Here, we developed a turnip mosaic virus (TuMV)-based system for gRNA delivery in Cas9-expressing <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and tested whether Csy4-mediated gRNA processing could improve editing efficiency. A TuMV construct carrying a gRNA targeting <i>PHYTOENE DESATURASE</i> (<i>NbPDS</i>) induced detectable editing in both infiltrated and systemic tissues, although editing frequencies were low. Incorporation of the bacterial endoribonuclease Csy4 increased editing efficiencies in the two <i>NbPDS</i> genes, raising editing in infiltrated leaves to 7.1%-13.8% for <i>NbPDSa</i> and 7.6%-23.0% for <i>NbPDSb</i>, whereas lower but reproducible editing was detectable in systemic leaves. The TuMV-Csy4 platform also supported editing of a second endogenous target, <i>MAGNESIUM CHELATASE SUBUNIT H</i> (<i>NbChlH</i>), and enabled multiplex editing of <i>NbPDS</i> and <i>NbChlH</i> regardless of guide order. Editing efficiencies were consistently higher in infiltrated leaves than in systemic leaves, and no visible photobleaching or chlorosis was observed in systemic tissues despite confirmed molecular editing. To assess the potential for heritable editing, a tRNA^Ile mobility element was fused to the <i>NbPDS</i> gRNA. Although this construct increased somatic editing, no albino progeny were recovered after screening approximately 20,000 seedlings, demonstrating that heritable editing was not achieved under these conditions or did not result in mutations in all copies of the two <i>NbPDS</i> genes. Together, these results establish TuMV as a platform for Cas9-based gRNA delivery and show that Csy4-mediated processing improves editing efficiency, supports multiplex targeting, and demonstrates the feasibility of potyvirus-based genome editing systems in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 9","pages":"e70191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148913134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Zea mays Drought-Overly Sensitive1/TUBA4</i> Is <i>Wilty3</i>, and Transcriptome Co-Expression Analysis of Shoot Meristem Mutant Tissues Reveals <i>Wilty2/TUB6:Wi3</i> Interactions Associated With Stem Vascular Bundle Development.","authors":"Anuradha Dhingra, Indra Adhikari, Christopher D Rock","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70189","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant vasculature is essential for the transport of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules across organs, while also providing critical mechanical support for growth and development. Disruptions in vascular bundle formation can therefore lead to severe physiological and developmental defects. In maize, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced dominant nonallelic <i>Wilty</i> mutants exhibit a pronounced wilting phenotype even under well-watered conditions, indicating underlying defects in vascular function. In this study, we characterized the <i>Wi3</i> mutant, identified as <i>ZmDrought-Overly-Sensitive1/DOS1</i>, and compared it with the previously described <i>Wi2</i> mutant to uncover shared mechanisms underlying their phenotypes. We provide evidence, by bulk segregant resequencing linkage disequilibrium of SNPs adjacent to the causal <i>Wilty</i> SNPs in respective ß- and α-tubulin genes, for the personal communication from Gerry Neuffer that <i>Wi2/ß-tub6</i> provenance is from ACR-related stock, whereas <i>Wi3/α-tub4</i> allele is from Mo17, not B73 as claimed by the authors who cloned <i>Dos1</i>. Histochemical staining and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of vascular bundles in <i>Wi3</i> indicated apparent alterations in cellulose and lignin content consistent with those observed in <i>Wi2</i>. Transcriptome analysis of shoot meristems further indicated that similar sets of genes and pathways are differentially expressed in both mutants, suggesting convergence on common biological pathways. Using bulk-segregant whole-genome resequencing, we identified <i>alpha-tubulin4</i> (<i>TUA4</i>) as the causal gene in <i>Wi3</i> (<i>ZmDOS1</i>), harboring a C-to-T substitution within the N-terminal GTPase-binding domain. This mutation results in a glutamic acid196-to-lysine substitution. Given that α- and β-tubulin subunits heterodimerize, and in many plants and animal mutant alleles are dominant-negative gains-of-function, we infer <i>Wi2</i>, <i>Wi3</i>, and likely <i>Wi4</i>, based on very similar FTIR biophysical difference spectra, may act as effectors of vascular bundle cell wall deposition, potentially involving vesicle trafficking as recently shown for asymmetric cell divisions in maize stomatal development. Together, these findings highlight the functional interdependence of tubulin subunits and provide a plausible mechanistic framework for the striking biophysical, transcriptomic, and phenotypic similarities observed between <i>Wi2</i>, <i>Wi3</i>/<i>ZmDOS1</i>, and <i>Wi4</i> mutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 9","pages":"e70189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon Nanoparticles and Methyl Jasmonate Enhance Productivity and Nutritional Quality of Vegetable Cluster Bean (<i>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</i> L.) Under Deficit Irrigation.","authors":"Ali Sabah Alhasan, Heidar Meftahizade","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cluster bean (<i>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</i> L.) is usually grown for its high galactomannan content as an industrial crop. Young edible cluster bean pods are also eaten as a nutritious vegetable in many areas. There is little research on the effects of drought on pod yield or the nutritional content of edible cluster bean pods, even with the growing importance of producing vegetable cluster bean in dry and semiarid regions. In this study, the effect of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) applied concurrently on the growth performance, pod productivity, and nutritional quality of vegetable cluster bean was evaluated at three irrigation rates. A three-factor experiment was done in a completely randomized block design with three replications under field conditions, with three irrigation rates (100% field capacity, 50% field capacity, and 25% field capacity), three Si NP levels (0, 50, and 100 ppm), and three MeJA levels (0, 20, and 40 μmol L^-1). Drought stress (with irrigation at 25% FC) significantly reduced the growth of the plant, pod yield, crude protein, crude fat, fiber, dry weight, and mineral composition of the edible cluster bean pods. Pod weight reduction of approximately 50% occurred when they were irrigated at 25% FC, compared to pod yield from well-watered plants. The addition of Si NPs and MeJA, when applied together, was able to reduce the adverse effects of low and moderate drought on pod yield and improve the productivity and nutritional quality of the edible cluster bean pods. The combined application of 100-ppm Si-NPs and 40-μmol L^-1 MeJA was the most effective treatment for improving the productivity and nutritional quality of vegetable cluster bean under deficit irrigation. These findings suggest that this combination for cluster bean cultivation under moderate drought conditions after economic feasibility and field-scale validation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 8","pages":"e70187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen Status Rewires Transcriptional Regulation of Dhurrin, a Dual-Purpose Defense Metabolite in <i>Sorghum bicolor</i>.","authors":"Alicia A Quinn, Brian A McKinley, Cecilia K Blomstedt, John E Mullet, Roslyn M Gleadow","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70183","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside, plays an important role in <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> physiology and defense. The concentration of dhurrin in sorghum is influenced by both nitrogen status and stage of plant organ development. While nitrogen resupply activates the expression of genes for dhurrin biosynthesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional response of sorghum to nitrogen resupply following growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Using a time-course design, we measured hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp), growth, and nitrate content at 0-, 2-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-h after resupply and collected tissue for RNAseq analysis in parallel for analysis of gene expression and construction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). HCNp (mg g^-1 DW) increased significantly in leaf and stem tissues following nitrogen resupply, with increases in the leaf partially driven by continued declines in controls under ongoing nitrogen stress. Expression of the dhurrin pathway genes was upregulated in leaves from 24 h after nitrogen resupply, with diel expression patterns observable over the remaining time points. No upregulation was observed in roots or stems, suggesting that developmental context overrides environmental cues. GRN analysis identified candidate transcription factors regulating dhurrin biosynthesis genes, including members of the MYB, bZIP, and GARP-type transcription factor families. Some of these candidate transcription factors may be involved in relieving senescence-associated suppression of dhurrin biosynthesis and link nitrogen signaling to pathway activation. These findings provide new insight into the nitrogen-responsive regulation of dhurrin in sorghum, highlighting candidate regulators for future functional characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"10 8","pages":"e70183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13410949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}