Plant Direct最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Ammonium:Nitrate Application Ratios on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism of Tea Plants (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.).","authors":"Takuo Enomoto, Natsuki Tone, Takaya Ishii, Hisako Hirono, Ayako Oi, Yuhei Hirono, Takashi Ikka, Hiroto Yamashita","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tea plants (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) use ammonium and nitrate as the main sources of nitrogen (N), but they respond differently to these two compounds. In this study, we investigated the effect of the ammonium:nitrate ratio on tea plant growth as well as N uptake and metabolism. A kinetics analysis showed that both ammonium and nitrate were absorbed, with no major differences within the concentration range 0.71-2.86 mM. Additionally, growth peaked when the ammonium:nitrate ratio was 25:75. The concentrations of several free amino acids, including theanine, in new leaves and roots increased as the proportion of ammonium increased. Glutamine concentrations in new leaves and roots were highest at ammonium:nitrate ratio of 25:75. Moreover, the transcription of key genes involved in theanine and glutamine biosynthesis was differentially affected by changes in N ratios, which explained the differences in metabolic changes. The glutamine:theanine ratio was higher at an ammonium:nitrate ratio of 25:75 than at 100:0 and 75:25, suggesting that the ammonium:nitrate ratio may affect the ratio of glutamine synthesis activity to theanine synthesis activity. We examined N metabolism regulatory genes and identified candidate genes, including <i>SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 3.1</i> and <i>NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR 1.2</i>, in tea plants. These transcription factor genes are involved in the regulation of nitrate absorption and metabolism. Identifying genes that regulate N metabolism is essential for improving N use efficiency. The study findings will be useful for optimizing N fertilization management practices to control tea growth and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 6","pages":"e70084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BdNRT2A and BdNRT3.2 Are the Major Components of the High-Affinity Nitrate Transport System in <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>.","authors":"Laure C David, Mathilde Grégoire, Patrick Berquin, Anne Marmagne, Marion Dalmais, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Tony J Miller, Anne Krapp, Françoise Daniel-Vedele, Thomas Girin, Sylvie Ferrario-Méry","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An efficient nitrate uptake system contributes to the improvement of crop nitrogen use efficiency under low nitrogen availability. The High Affinity nitrate Transport System (HATS) in plants is active in low range of external nitrate and is mediated by a two-component system (high affinity transporters NRT2 associated to a partner protein NRT3 (NAR2)). In Brachypodium, the model plant for C3 cereals, we investigated the role of <i>BdNRT2A</i> and <i>BdNRT3.2</i> through various experimental approaches. Expression profile of <i>BdNRT2.A</i> and <i>BdNRT3.2</i> genes in response to nitrate availability fits perfectly with the characteristics of the HATS components. ¹⁵Nitrate influx measurements decreased in <i>bdnrt2a</i> mutants (one NaN₃ induced mutant with a truncated NRT2A protein and two amiRNA mutants). In addition, the N limited phenotype of the mutant with a truncated NRT2A protein confirmed that BdNRT2A is a major contributor of the HATS in Brachypodium. An effective nitrate transport in the heterologous expression system Xenopus oocytes required the coexpression of <i>BdNRT2A</i> and <i>BdNRT3.2</i> that characterizes two-component system of the HATS. Functional interaction between BdNRT2A-GFP and BdNRT3.2-RFP fusion proteins was observed at the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis protoplasts in transient expression experiments with BdNRT3.2 being necessary for the plasma membrane localization of BdNRT2A. The role of a conserved Ser residue in BdNRT2A (S461) specific to monocotyledons was evaluated in the BdNRT2A and BdNRT3.2 interaction leading to plasma membrane targeting. Assuming that S461 could be regulated by phosphorylation, a directed mutagenesis was performed to mimic a nonphosphorylated (S461A) or a constitutively phosphorylated (S461D), However, the mimicking the phosphorylation status of S461 by mutagenesis did not modify the BdNRT2A and BdNRT3.2 interaction, suggesting a more complex regulating mechanism. In conclusion, our data show that BdNRT2A and BdNRT3.2 are the main components of the nitrate HATS activity in Brachypodium (Bd21-3) and allow an optimal growth in low N conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 6","pages":"e70075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cucurbitacin Profile and Metalloid Stress Response in <i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L. Upon Arsenic Exposure.","authors":"Gerardo Flores-Iga, Carlos Lopez-Ortiz, Purushothaman Natarajan, Padma Nimmakayala, Umesh K Reddy, Nagamani Balagurusamy, Aldo Almeida","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cucurbits are cultivated worldwide in regions with high concentrations of arsenic (As), a hazardous metalloid, affecting produce quality and increasing the consumer exposure. Cucurbitacins are herbivore-deterrent secondary metabolites that contribute to the plant defense response. The impact of As exposure on phenotypic and metabolic traits has not been studied in members of the Cucurbitaceae family, such as squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> L.). To comprehend the effects of As on the root system of <i>C. pepo</i>, we assessed phenotype, cucurbitacin content, and transcriptome under low and high As concentrations. We report that at low dosages, cucurbitacins are decreased, while growth is not significantly affected. Conversely, high dosages impact growth and development altering root phenotype but cucurbitacin content is not significantly different from untreated plants. Furthermore, gene ontology enrichment on results of the RNA-seq analysis indicate that high dosages of As affect cellular regulatory processes, with genes related to glutathione metabolism being of the most upregulated. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of orthologs members of the heavy metal-associated (HMA)-domain superfamily and As-related transporters suggest a dosage-dependent participation of key members. WGCNA analysis reveals As-specific gene co-expression modules, indicating that low As levels induce adaptive responses in energy and allantoin metabolism, while higher levels trigger intensified oxidative stress responses, including upregulation of MYB transcription factors and heat shock proteins, which may support tolerance to the metalloid. Overall, As influences the root system physiology and metabolism in a concentration-specific manner, highlighting key defense systems and genes involved in <i>C. pepo</i> response to As exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 6","pages":"e70074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12127031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Relationships of Two NFU Proteins in Maintaining the Abundances of Mitochondrial Iron-Sulfur Proteins.","authors":"Jun Zhao, Manasa B Satyanarayan, Joshua T VanSlambrouck, Alexander J Kolstoe, Michael J Voyt, Glory O Jamesa, Fei Yu, Yan Lu","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron-sulfur clusters are involved in many biological processes, including photosynthetic electron transport in the chloroplast and respiratory electron transport in the mitochondrion. Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis requires iron-sulfur carriers such as nitrogen-fixation-subunit-U [NFU]-type proteins. The <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> nuclear genome encodes two mitochondrion-targeted NFU proteins: NFU4 and NFU5, previously reported to have a primary role in the biosynthesis of the lipoate cofactor, mediated by the 4Fe-4S enzyme lipoyl synthase. Through in vitro reconstitution and spectroscopic analysis, we found that recombinant NFU4 and NFU5 proteins had UV-visible features characteristic of 4Fe-4S clusters. In addition, we confirmed that double homozygous, complete loss-of-function <i>nfu4 nfu5</i> mutants had an embryo-lethal phenotype. To investigate the functional relationship between NFU4 and NFU5, we generated sesquimutants that were homozygous loss-of-function for one gene and heterozygous for the other, which appeared slightly smaller than <i>nfu4-2</i>, <i>nfu4-4</i>, and <i>nfu5-1</i> single mutants. This suggests that the simultaneous decrease in levels of NFU4 and NFU5 proteins may have an additive effect on plant growth. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed that the <i>NFU4</i> transcript was absent in mutants homozygous for <i>nfu4-2</i> and <i>nfu4-4</i> and that the <i>NFU5</i> transcript level was substantially reduced in the <i>nfu5-1</i> single mutant or sesquimutants. Consistent with the transcript data, the abundances of NFU4 and NFU5 proteins were either virtually absent or substantially reduced in the corresponding single mutants and sesquimutants. Immunoblot analysis showed that most <i>nfu4</i> and <i>nfu5-1</i> single, double, and sesquimutants had significant reductions in the levels of mitochondrial 4Fe-4S proteins, such as aconitase (ACO) and biotin synthase 2 (BIO2; note that BIO2 also contains a 2Fe-2S cluster). In addition, <i>nfu4 nfu5</i> sesquimutants showed substantial reductions in the protein level of the 75-kDa subunit of respiratory complex I (CI75), which contains one 2Fe-2S cluster and two 4Fe-4S clusters. These observations indicate that NFU4 and NFU5 are important in maintaining the levels of mitochondrial 4Fe-4S proteins. Such observations are also consistent with the hypothesis that NFU4 and NFU5 may serve as iron-sulfur carriers and may play a role in the transfer of 4Fe-4S clusters to recipient apoproteins, such as ACO and CI75, during the biogenesis and maturation of mitochondrial 4Fe-4S clusters.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 5","pages":"e70081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Coordination of Photophysical, Photochemical, and Biochemical Reactions in the Photosynthesis of Land Plants.","authors":"Lianhong Gu, Bernard Grodzinski, Jimei Han, Telesphore Marie, Yong-Jiang Zhang, Yang C Song, Ying Sun","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Balance among the sequential photophysical, photochemical, and biochemical reactions of photosynthesis is needed for converting fleeting energy in light to stable energy in chemical bonds. Any imbalance acts as either a bottleneck for limiting photosynthetic efficiency or an agent for inducing structural and functional damage to photosynthetic apparatus. Not only must each reaction be carefully regulated, but regulatory processes must also be coordinated across the reactions. However, regulations of different stages of photosynthesis have rarely been studied jointly. Non-photochemical quenching (<i>NPQ</i>) and stomatal conductance (<i>g</i> _s) are key regulators of photophysical and biochemical reactions, respectively. Existing evidence suggests that the redox state of plastoquinone regulates <i>g</i> _s and that the photochemical reactions are partially regulated by the ultrastructural dynamics of thylakoids induced by osmotic water fluxes in chloroplasts of land plants. To examine how these regulations are coordinated and feedback to each other, we simultaneously measured <i>NPQ</i> and <i>g</i> _<i>s</i> and inferred the redox state of plastoquinone and the light-induced thylakoid swelling/shrinking on numerous C₃ and C₄ species. For all species measured, <i>NPQ</i> and <i>g</i> _<i>s</i> covary with the redox states of the electron transport chain, particularly plastoquinone, and increase as thylakoid swelling is inferred. <i>NPQ</i> has the maximal sensitivity at the light intensity at which thylakoid is inferred to be fully swollen. Our findings suggest that plant energy and water use strategies are intimately linked by evolution, and studying the regulations of different photosynthetic stages as a whole can lead to new insights of the functioning of photosynthetic machinery in dynamic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 5","pages":"e70080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochrome E Plays a Role in the Suppression of Germination in Far-Red Light in Tomato.","authors":"Samantha Barnwell, Keisha D Carlson, Daniel Balderrama, Sara Pernikoff, Tahseen Tanatrah, Andreas Madlung","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As photoautotrophs, plants use light not only as a source of energy but also as cues for directing growth and development. Phytochromes comprise a small gene family of plant specific light receptors that absorb mostly in the red/far-red portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. These light receptors are well-studied in the model species <i>Arabidopsis thaliana,</i> yet much less is known about their functions in other species. We have generated CRISPR-induced mutations in <i>SlPHYTOCHROME E</i> (<i>SlPHYE</i>) and <i>SlPHYF,</i> produced higher order mutants, and characterized some of their physiological functions in tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>). We report that SlphyE plays a major role in detecting far-red light, repressing germination when light conditions are unfavorable for establishing a new seedling. While SlphyE functions on its own, it also synergistically works with another phytochrome, SlphyB1, which by itself only plays a minor role in germination control. Aside from its role in far-red light detection, SlPhyE is also involved in perceiving red light, leading to the repression of hypocotyl elongation and the promotion of light avoidance growth in the roots. SlPhyF acts synergistically with phyB1 during photomorphogenesis but it is not involved in far-red light detection during germination.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 5","pages":"e70079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Identification of Novel Candidate Genes Associated With the Symbiotic Compatibility of Soybean With Rhizobia Under Natural Conditions\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1002/pld3.70069.].</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 5","pages":"e70083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12100492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Arabidopsis PM19L1 Protein Functions as a Regulator of Germination Under Osmotic Stress.","authors":"Ross D Alexander, Pablo Castillejo-Pons, Nina Melzer, Omar Alsaif, Vivien I Strotmann, Yvonne Stahl, Madeleine Seale, Peter C Morris","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70059","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;How plants perceive and respond to water availability, especially during the critical stages of seed formation and germination, is key to their survival. During development, ripening, and germination, seeds undergo large changes in water content, down to around 10% during maturation and up to 90% again within 24 h of germination. However, the mechanisms by which plants perceive and respond to their osmotic environment remain largely unknown. The results presented here indicate that the osmotic environment of the seed is perceived by the PM19L1 protein. We find the Arabidopsis plasma membrane protein PM19L1 is evolutionarily conserved in all land plants, is highly expressed in seeds and seedlings, and regulates germination under osmotic stress, as shown by the reduced germination of the &lt;i&gt;pm19l1&lt;/i&gt; mutant under salt and osmotic stress. The PM19L1 protein structurally resembles the yeast osmosensor Sho1, and expression of &lt;i&gt;PM19L1&lt;/i&gt; in yeast will complement the osmosensitive &lt;i&gt;sho1&lt;/i&gt; mutant, thus PM19L1 can function as an osmosensor. In contrast to the Sho1-mediated mechanisms for osmotic tolerance in yeast, PM19L1 does not control osmolyte levels in plants, but is a regulator of genes governing abscisic acid and gibberellin synthesis, and of transcription factors that mediate the abscisic acid response. In the &lt;i&gt;pm19l1&lt;/i&gt; mutant, expression of genes for &lt;i&gt;ABI3, LEC1,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;FUS3,&lt;/i&gt; which promote the late maturation of the seed, is downregulated, whereas expression of the &lt;i&gt;ABI4&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ABI5&lt;/i&gt; transcription factors, which confer abscisic acid-dependent inhibition of germination, is upregulated. The role of PM19L1 as an osmosensor in the plant was verified by ectopic expression of &lt;i&gt;PM19L1&lt;/i&gt; which conferred the ability of vegetative plants to respond to imposed osmotic stress by enhanced expression of &lt;i&gt;ABI3, LEC1,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;FUS3&lt;/i&gt;. This suggests a function for PM19L1 as a factor that integrates information on the osmotic environment to modulate the developmental fate of the seed during development and germination. Analysis of endogenous hormone levels and phenotypes of digenic mutants, for example &lt;i&gt;pm19l1/abi3&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;pm19l1/abi4,&lt;/i&gt; will help confirm and refine this model. In a further parallel to ShoI osmosensing in yeast, intracellular signaling downstream of PM19L1 in the plant likely involves a MAP kinase signal transduction pathway, as shown by split ubiquitin analysis for protein-protein interactions, and by pull-down assays from plant extracts. The MAP kinase proteins AtMKK2 and AtMKK3 specifically bind to PM19L1, and the &lt;i&gt;atmkk2,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;atmkk3&lt;/i&gt; mutants have strikingly similar germination and gene expression phenotypes to &lt;i&gt;pm19l1&lt;/i&gt;; however, corroboration of the role of these proteins in the signaling pathway will require further analysis of knockout and gain of function MKK mutants in the &lt;i&gt;pm19l1&lt;/i&gt; background. These results have implications for the study of dormancy, drought, and ","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 5","pages":"e70059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutamate Methylation, a Novel Histone Mark in Diatoms: Mass Spectrometry Identification and Structural Characterization.","authors":"Stéphane Téletchéa, Bérangère Lombard, Johann Hendrickx, Damarys Loew, Leïla Tirichine","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-translational modifications of histones (PTMs) play a crucial role in regulating chromatin function. These modifications are integral to numerous biological processes, including transcription, DNA repair, replication, and chromatin remodeling. Although several PTMs have been identified, enhancing our understanding of their roles in these processes, there is still much to discover given the potential for virtually any histone residue to be modified. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel PTM in the model diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>, glutamate methylation identified by mass spectrometry at multiple positions on histone H4 and at position 96 on histone H2B. This modification was also detected in other model organisms, including <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, and humans, but not in <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Structural bioinformatics analyses, including molecular dynamics simulations, revealed that methylation of glutamate residues on histones induces displacement of these residues, exposing them to solvent and disrupting interactions with neighboring residues in associated histones. This disruption may interfere with histone complexes promoting histone eviction or facilitating interactions with regulatory proteins or complexes, which may compromise the overall nucleosome stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 5","pages":"e70051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Three-Barcode Phylogenetics and Soil Microbiomes of Planted and Wild <i>Arbutus</i> Strawberry Trees.","authors":"Flannery McLamb, Armando Vazquez, Natalie Olander, Miguel F Vasquez, Zuying Feng, Niharika Malhotra, Liisa Bozinovic, Karen Najera Ruiz, Katherine O'Connell, Joseph Stagg, Goran Bozinovic","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taxonomic identification of closely related plants can be challenging due to convergent evolution, hybridization, and overlapping geographic distribution. To derive taxonomic relationships among planted and wild <i>Arbutus</i> plants across a large geographic range, we complemented three standard plastid barcodes <i>rbcL</i>, <i>matK</i>, and <i>trnH-psbA</i> with soil and fruit chemistry, soil microbiome, and plant morphology analyses. Soil and plant sampling included planted <i>Arbutus</i> from manicured sites in Southern California, USA, wild plants from Southern and Northern California, and wild populations from Mediterranean island of Hvar, Croatia. We hypothesized that phenotypic variation within and between sites correlates with plants' genotype and geographic distribution. Similar fruit chemistry corresponds to geographical proximity and morphological resemblance, while bulk soil bacterial content defines three distinct clusters distinguishing planted versus wild trees and continent of origin. The soil microbiome of wild California <i>Arbutus</i> was characterized by an abundance of <i>Nitrobacter</i>, while the presence of <i>Candidatus Xiphinematobacter</i> was high in wild Hvar samples and most planted samples, but low in all wild California samples. Although all three barcodes resolved four main groups, the position of samples varies across barcodes. The <i>rbcL</i> phylogram is relatively unbalanced, suggesting slower diversification among wild California populations and exhibiting greater resolution than other barcodes among planted individuals. While our data demonstrate an overall agreement among standard plant barcodes relative to geo-distribution and plant morphology, sustained efforts on cost-effective global plant DNA barcode library standardization for closely related and geographically overlapping plants is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"9 5","pages":"e70078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12059276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}