Plant Direct最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the role of grafting in abiotic stress management: Contemporary insights and automation trends.","authors":"Kaukab Razi, Preethika Suresh, Pritam Paramguru Mahapatra, Musa Al Murad, Ajila Venkat, Michitaka Notaguchi, Dong Won Bae, Muthu Arjuna Samy Prakash, Sowbiya Muneer","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grafting is a technique that involves attaching a rootstock to the aerial part of another genotype or species (scion), leading to improved crop performance and sustainable growth. The ability to tolerate abiotic stresses depends on cell membrane stability, a reduction in electrolyte leakage, and the species of scion and rootstock chosen. This external mechanism, grafting, serves as a beneficial tool in influencing crop performance by combining nutrient uptake and translocation to shoots, promoting sustainable plant growth, and enhancing the potential yield of both fruit and vegetable crops. Grafting helps to enhance crop production and improve the capacity of plants to utilize water when undergoing abiotic stress, particularly in genotypes that produce high yields upon rootstocks that are capable of decreasing the impact of drought stress on the shoot. The rootstock plays a pivotal role in establishing a grafted plant by forming a union between the graft and the rootstock. This process is characterized by its integrative, reciprocal nature, enabling plants to tolerate abiotic stress conditions. Grafting has been shown to alleviate the overproduction of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species in the leaves and roots and enhance drought tolerance in plants by maintaining antioxidant enzyme activities and stress-responsive gene expression. Phytohormones, such as cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin, play a critical role in maintaining rootstock-scion interactions. This review unveils the role of grafting in mitigating various environmental stressors, establishment of a robust graft junction, physiology of rootstock-scion communication, the mechanism underlying rootstock influence, hormonal regulations and the utilization of agri-bots in perfect healing and further cultivation of vegetable crops through grafting.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 12","pages":"e70021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Arabidopsis Cell Culture With Weak Circadian Rhythms Under Constant Light Compared With Constant Dark Can Be Rescued by ELF3.","authors":"Kanjana Laosuntisuk, Jigar S Desai, Colleen J Doherty","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Callus and cell suspension culture techniques are valuable tools in plant biotechnology and are widely used in fundamental and applied research. For studies in callus and cell suspension cultures to be relevant, it is essential to know if the underlying biochemistry is similar to intact plants. This study examined the expression of core circadian genes in Arabidopsis callus from the cell suspension named AT2 and found that the circadian rhythms were impaired. The circadian waveforms were like intact plants in the light/dark cycles, but the circadian expression in the AT2 callus became weaker in the free-running, constant light conditions. Temperature cycles could drive the rhythmic expression in constant conditions, but there were novel peaks at the point of temperature transitions unique to each clock gene. We found that callus freshly induced from seedlings had normal oscillations, like intact plants, suggesting that the loss of the circadian oscillation in the AT2 callus was specific to this callus. We determined that neither the media composition nor the source of the AT2 callus caused this disruption. We observed that <i>ELF3</i> expression was not differentially expressed between dawn and dusk in both entrained, light-dark cycles and constant light conditions. Overexpression of <i>AtELF3</i> in the AT2 callus partially recovers the circadian oscillation in the AT2 callus. This work shows that while callus and cell suspension cultures can be valuable tools for investigating plant responses, careful evaluation of their phenotype is important. Moreover, the altered circadian rhythms under constant light and temperature cycles in the AT2 callus could be useful backgrounds to understand the connections driving circadian oscillators and light and temperature sensing at the cellular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 11","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cycling DOF factor mediated seasonal regulation of sexual reproduction and cold response is not conserved in <i>Physcomitrium patens</i>.","authors":"Alexander G Freidinger, Lauren A Woodward, Jo Trang Bùi, Gillian Doty, Shawn Ruiz, Erika Conant, Karen A Hicks","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many land plants have evolved such that the transition from vegetative to reproductive development is synchronized with environmental cues. Examples of reproduction in response to seasonal cues can be found in both vascular and nonvascular species; however, most of our understanding of the molecular events controlling this timing has been worked out in angiosperm model systems. While the organism-level mechanisms of sexual reproduction vary dramatically between vascular and nonvascular plants, phylogenetic and transcriptomic evidence suggest paralogs in nonvascular plants may have conserved function with their vascular counterparts. Given that <i>Physcomitrium patens</i> undergoes sexual reproductive development in response to photoperiodic and cold temperature cues, it is well-suited for studying evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of seasonal control of reproduction. Thus, we used publicly available microarray data to identify genes differentially expressed in response to temperature cues. We identified two <i>CDF-like</i> (<i>CDL</i>) genes in the <i>P. patens</i> genome that are the most like the angiosperm <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> CDFs based on conservation of protein motifs and diurnal expression patterns. In angiosperms, DNA-One Finger Transcription Factors (DOFs) play an important role in regulating photoperiodic flowering, regulating physiological changes in response to seasonal temperature changes, and mediating the cold stress response. We created knockout mutations and tested their impact on sexual reproduction and response to cold stress. Unexpectedly, the timing of sexual reproduction in the <i>ppcdl</i>-double mutants did not differ significantly from wild type, suggesting that the <i>PpCDLs</i> are not necessary for seasonal regulation of this developmental transition. We also found that there was no change in expression of downstream cold-regulated genes in response to cold stress and no change in freezing tolerance in the knockout mutant plants. Finally, we observed no interaction between PpCDLs and the partial homologs of FKF1, an <i>A. thaliana</i> repressor of CDFs. This is different from what is observed in angiosperms, which suggests that the functions of CDF proteins in angiosperms are not conserved in <i>P. patens</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 11","pages":"e70020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf pigmentation in <i>Cannabis sativa</i>: Characterization of anthocyanin biosynthesis in colorful Cannabis varieties.","authors":"Kristina K Gagalova, Yifan Yan, Shumin Wang, Till Matzat, Simone D Castellarin, Inanc Birol, David Edwards, Mathias Schuetz","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis plants produce a spectrum of secondary metabolites, encompassing cannabinoids and more than 300 non-cannabinoid compounds. Among these, anthocyanins have important functions in plants and also have well documented health benefits. Anthocyanins are largely responsible for the red/purple color phenotypes in plants. Although some well-known Cannabis varieties display a wide range of red/purple pigmentation, the genetic underpinnings of anthocyanin biosynthesis have not been well characterized in Cannabis. This study unveils the genetic diversity of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes found in Cannabis, and we characterize the diversity of anthocyanins and related phenolics found in four differently pigmented Cannabis varieties. Our investigation revealed that the genes <i>4CL</i>, <i>CHS</i>, <i>F3H</i>, <i>F3'H</i>, <i>FLS</i>, <i>DFR</i>, <i>ANS</i>, and <i>OMT</i> exhibited the strongest correlation with anthocyanin accumulation in Cannabis leaves. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing Cannabis leaf pigmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 11","pages":"e70016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11588432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad-scale phenotyping in Arabidopsis reveals varied involvement of RNA interference across diverse plant-microbe interactions.","authors":"Alessa Ruf, Hannah Thieron, Sabrine Nasfi, Bernhard Lederer, Sebastian Fricke, Trusha Adeshara, Johannes Postma, Patrick Blumenkamp, Seomun Kwon, Karina Brinkrolf, Michael Feldbrügge, Alexander Goesmann, Julia Kehr, Jens Steinbrenner, Ena Šečić, Vera Göhre, Arne Weiberg, Karl-Heinz Kogel, Ralph Panstruga, Silke Robatzek","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference (RNAi) is a crucial mechanism in immunity against infectious microbes through the action of DICER-LIKE (DCL) and ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins. In the case of the taxonomically diverse fungal pathogen <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and the oomycete <i>Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis</i>, plant DCL and AGO proteins have proven roles as negative regulators of immunity, suggesting functional specialization of these proteins. To address this aspect in a broader taxonomic context, we characterized the colonization pattern of an informative set of <i>DCL</i> and <i>AGO</i> loss-of-function mutants in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> upon infection with a panel of pathogenic microbes with different lifestyles, and a fungal mutualist. Our results revealed that, depending on the interacting pathogen, AGO1 acts as a positive or negative regulator of immunity, while AGO4 functions as a positive regulator. Additionally, AGO2 and AGO10 positively modulated the colonization by a fungal mutualist. Therefore, analyzing the role of RNAi across a broader range of plant-microbe interactions has identified previously unknown functions for AGO proteins. For some pathogen interactions, however, all tested mutants exhibited wild-type-like infection phenotypes, suggesting that the roles of AGO and DCL proteins in these interactions may be more complex to elucidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 11","pages":"e70017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11565445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142648526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of proteins involved in the biogenesis and repair of the photosynthetic apparatus to thylakoid subdomains in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.","authors":"Prakitchai Chotewutmontri, Alice Barkan","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria harbor the multisubunit protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions of photosynthesis. In plant chloroplasts, the thylakoid membrane system comprises a highly organized network with several subcompartments that differ in composition and morphology: grana stacks, unstacked stromal lamellae, and grana margins at the interface between stacked and unstacked regions. The localization of components of the photosynthetic apparatus among these subcompartments has been well characterized. However, less is known about the localization of proteins involved in the biogenesis and repair of the photosynthetic apparatus, the partitioning of proteins between two recently resolved components of the traditional margin fraction (refined margins and curvature), and the effects of light on these features. In this study, we analyzed the partitioning of numerous thylakoid biogenesis and repair factors among grana, curvature, refined margin, and stromal lamellae fractions of <i>Arabidopsis</i> thylakoid membranes, comparing the results from illuminated and dark-adapted plants. Several proteins previously shown to localize to a margin fraction partitioned in varying ways among the resolved curvature and refined margin fractions. For example, the ALB3 insertase and FtsH protease involved in photosystem II (PSII) repair were concentrated in the refined margin fraction, whereas TAT translocon subunits and proteins involved in early steps in photosystem assembly were concentrated in the curvature fraction. By contrast, two photosystem assembly factors that facilitate late assembly steps were depleted from the curvature fraction. The enrichment of the PSII subunit OE23/PsbP in the curvature fraction set it apart from other PSII subunits, supporting the previous conjecture that OE23/PsbP assists in PSII biogenesis and/or repair. The PSII assembly factor PAM68 partitioned differently among thylakoid fractions from dark-adapted plants and illuminated plants and was the only analyzed protein to convincingly do so. These results demonstrate an unanticipated spatial heterogeneity of photosystem biogenesis and repair functions in thylakoid membranes and reveal the curvature fraction to be a focal point of early photosystem biogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 11","pages":"e70008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A strategy for identification and characterization of genic mutations using a temperature-sensitive chlorotic soybean mutant as an example.","authors":"C Nathan Hancock, Tetandianocee Germany, Priscilla Redd, Jack Timmons, Jeffery Lipford, Samantha Burns, Sergio Alan Cervantes-Perez, Marc Libault, Wenhao Shen, Yong-Qiang Charles An, Lisa Kanizay, Melinda Yerka, Wayne A Parrott","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Screening a transposon-mutagenized soybean population led to the discovery of a recessively inherited chlorotic phenotype. This \"y24\" phenotype results in smaller stature, weaker stems, and a smaller root system. Genome sequencing identified 15 candidate genes with mutations likely to result in a loss of function. Amplicon sequencing of a segregating population was then used to narrow the list to a single candidate mutation, a single-base change in <i>Glyma.07G102300</i> that disrupts splicing of the second intron. Single cell transcriptomic profiling indicates that this gene is expressed primarily in mesophyll cells, and RNA sequencing data indicate that it is upregulated in germinating seedlings by cold stress. Previous studies have shown that mutations to <i>Os05g34040</i>, the rice ortholog of <i>Glyma.07G102300</i>, produced a chlorotic phenotype that was more pronounced in cool temperatures. Growing soybean y24 mutants at lower temperatures also resulted in a more severe phenotype. In addition, transgenic expression of wild-type <i>Glyma.07G102300</i> in the knockout mutant of the Arabidopsis ortholog <i>At4930720</i> rescues the chlorotic phenotype, further supporting the hypothesis that the mutation in <i>Glyma.07G102300</i> is causal of the y24 phenotype. The variant analysis strategy used to identify the genes underlying this phenotype provides a template for the study of other soybean mutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 11","pages":"e70011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinarity through internationality: Results from a US-Mexico graduate course bridging computational and plant science.","authors":"Daniel H Chitwood, Alejandra Rougon-Cardoso, Robert VanBuren","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interdisciplinarity is used to integrate and synthesize new research directions between scientific domains, but it is not the only means by which to generate novelty by bringing diverse perspectives together. Internationality draws upon cultural and linguistic diversity that can potentially impact interdisciplinarity as well. We created an interdisciplinary class originally intended to bridge computational and plant science that eventually became international in scope, including students from the United States and Mexico. We administered a survey over 4 years designed to evaluate student expertise. The first year of the survey included only US students and demonstrated that biology and computational student groups have distinct expertise but can learn the skills of the other group over the course of a semester. Modeling of survey responses shows that biological and computational science expertise is equally distributed between US and Mexico student groups, but that nonetheless, these groups can be predicted based on survey responses due to subspecialization within each domain. Unlike interdisciplinarity, differences arising from internationality are mostly static and do not change with educational intervention and include unique skills such as working across languages. We end by discussing a distinct form of interdisciplinarity that arises through internationality and the implications of globalizing research and education efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 10","pages":"e70019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative physiological and transcriptome analysis unravels the mechanism of low nitrogen use efficiency in burley tobacco.","authors":"Yuqing Feng, Yuanyuan Zhao, Yanjun Ma, Xiaolong Chen, Hongzhi Shi","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burley tobacco, a chlorophyll-deficient mutant with impaired nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), generally requires three to five times more nitrogen fertilization than flue-cured tobacco to achieve a comparable yield, which generates serious environmental pollution and negatively affects human health. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying NUE is an effective measure to reduce environmental pollution and an essential direction for burley tobacco plant improvement. Physiological and genetic factors affecting tobacco NUE were identified using two tobacco genotypes with contrasting NUE in hydroponic experiments. Nitrogen use inefficient genotype (TN90) had lower nitrogen uptake and transport efficiencies, reduced leaf and root biomass, lower nitrogen assimilation and photosynthesis capacity, and lower nitrogen remobilization ability than the nitrogen use efficient genotype (K326). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes associated with photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and nitrogen metabolism are implicated in NUE. Three nitrate transporter genes in the leaves (<i>NPF2.11</i>, <i>NPF2.13</i>, and <i>NPF3.1</i>) and three nitrate transporter genes (<i>NPF6.3</i>, <i>NRT2.1</i>, and <i>NRT2.4</i>) in roots were down-regulated by nitrogen starvation, all of which showed lower expression in TN90 than in K326. In addition, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram identified eight key genes (<i>TPIP1</i>, <i>GAPB</i>, <i>HEMB</i>, <i>PGK3</i>, <i>PSBO</i>, <i>PSBP2</i>, <i>PSAG</i>, and <i>GLN2</i>) that may affect NUE. Less advantageous changes in nitrogen uptake, nitrogen assimilation in combination with nitrogen remobilization, and maintenance of photosynthesis in response to nitrogen deficiency led to a lower NUE in TN90. The key genes (<i>TPIP1</i>, <i>GAPB</i>, <i>PGK3</i>, <i>PSBO</i>, <i>PSBP2</i>, <i>PSAG</i>, and <i>GLN2</i>) were associated with improving photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in tobacco plants grown under N-deficient conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 10","pages":"e70004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower grass stomatal conductance under elevated CO₂ can decrease transpiration and evapotranspiration rates despite carbon fertilization.","authors":"Sate Ahmad, Charilaos Yiotis, Weimu Xu, Jan Knappe, Laurence Gill, Jennifer McElwain","doi":"10.1002/pld3.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pld3.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic increase in carbon dioxide (CO₂) affects plant physiology. Plant responses to elevated CO₂ typically include: (1) enhanced photosynthesis and increased primary productivity due to carbon fertilization and (2) suppression of leaf transpiration due to CO₂-driven decrease in stomatal conductance. The combined effect of these responses on the total plant transpiration and on evapotranspiration (ET) has a wide range of implications on local, regional, and global hydrological cycles, and thus needs to be better understood. Here, we investigated the net effect of CO₂-driven perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i>) physiological responses on transpiration and evapotranspiration by integrating physiological and hydrological (water budget) methods, under a controlled environment. Measurements of the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf mass per area, aboveground biomass, and water balance components were recorded. Measured variables under elevated CO₂ were compared with those of ambient CO₂. As expected, our results show that elevated CO₂ significantly decreases whole-plant transpiration rates (38% lower in the final week) which is a result of lower stomatal conductance (57% lower in the final week) despite a slight increase in aboveground biomass. Additionally, there was an overall decline in evapotranspiration (ET) under elevated CO₂, indicating the impact of CO₂-mediated suppression of transpiration on the overall water balance. Although studies with larger sample sizes are needed for more robust conclusions, our findings have significant implications for global environmental change. Reductions in ET from ryegrass-dominated grasslands and pastures could increase soil moisture and groundwater recharge, potentially leading to increased surface runoff and flooding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20230,"journal":{"name":"Plant Direct","volume":"8 10","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11491413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}