Physiological reviews最新文献_第8页

The multiple roles of salt-inducible kinases in regulating physiology. 盐诱导激酶在生理调节中的多重作用。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2022

Aarti Jagannath, Lewis Taylor, Yining Ru, Zeinab Wakaf, Kayomavua Akpobaro, Sridhar Vasudevan, Russell G Foster

{"title":"The multiple roles of salt-inducible kinases in regulating physiology.","authors":"Aarti Jagannath, Lewis Taylor, Yining Ru, Zeinab Wakaf, Kayomavua Akpobaro, Sridhar Vasudevan, Russell G Foster","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00023.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00023.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), which comprise a family of three homologous serine-threonine kinases, were first described for their role in sodium sensing but have since been shown to regulate multiple aspects of physiology. These kinases are activated or deactivated in response to extracellular signals that are cell surface receptor mediated and go on to phosphorylate multiple targets including the transcription cofactors CRTC1-3 and the class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs). Thus, the SIK family conveys signals about the cellular environment to reprogram transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes in response. In this manner, SIKs have been shown to regulate metabolic responses to feeding/fasting, cell division and oncogenesis, inflammation, immune responses, and most recently, sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep and circadian rhythms are master regulators of physiology and are exquisitely sensitive to regulation by environmental light and physiological signals such as the need for sleep. Salt-inducible kinases have been shown to be central to the molecular regulation of both these processes. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms by which SIKs control these different domains of physiology and highlight where there is mechanistic overlap with sleep/circadian rhythm control.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 3","pages":"2231-2269"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10190946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9487148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis. 牙齿发育和再生过程中的间质凝结：关注器官生成的转化问题。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2022

Bing-Dong Sui, Chen-Xi Zheng, Wan-Min Zhao, Kun Xuan, Bei Li, Yan Jin

{"title":"Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis.","authors":"Bing-Dong Sui, Chen-Xi Zheng, Wan-Min Zhao, Kun Xuan, Bei Li, Yan Jin","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00019.2022","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00019.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The teeth are vertebrate-specific, highly specialized organs performing fundamental functions of mastication and speech, the maintenance of which is crucial for orofacial homeostasis and is further linked to systemic health and human psychosocial well-being. However, with limited ability for self-repair, the teeth can often be impaired by traumatic, inflammatory, and progressive insults, leading to high prevalence of tooth loss and defects worldwide. Regenerative medicine holds the promise to achieve physiological restoration of lost or damaged organs, and in particular an evolving framework of developmental engineering has pioneered functional tooth regeneration by harnessing the odontogenic program. As a key event of tooth morphogenesis, mesenchymal condensation dictates dental tissue formation and patterning through cellular self-organization and signaling interaction with the epithelium, which provides a representative to decipher organogenetic mechanisms and can be leveraged for regenerative purposes. In this review, we summarize how mesenchymal condensation spatiotemporally assembles from dental stem cells (DSCs) and sequentially mediates tooth development. We highlight condensation-mimetic engineering efforts and mechanisms based on ex vivo aggregation of DSCs, which have achieved functionally robust and physiologically relevant tooth regeneration after implantation in animals and in humans. The discussion of this aspect will add to the knowledge of development-inspired tissue engineering strategies and will offer benefits to propel clinical organ regeneration.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 3","pages":"1899-1964"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9519064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vascular mechanotransduction. 血管机械传导。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021

Michael J Davis, Scott Earley, Yi-Shuan Li, Shu Chien

{"title":"Vascular mechanotransduction.","authors":"Michael J Davis, Scott Earley, Yi-Shuan Li, Shu Chien","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00053.2021","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00053.2021","url":null,"abstract":"This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 2","pages":"1247-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9942936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10081054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the shared etiology of psychopathology with genome-wide association studies. 通过全基因组关联研究探讨精神病理学的共同病因。

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2022

Travis T Mallard, Andrew D Grotzinger, Jordan W Smoller

{"title":"Examining the shared etiology of psychopathology with genome-wide association studies.","authors":"Travis T Mallard, Andrew D Grotzinger, Jordan W Smoller","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00016.2022","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00016.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have ushered in a new era of reproducible discovery in psychiatric genetics. The field has now identified hundreds of common genetic variants that are associated with mental disorders, and many of them influence more than one disorder. By advancing the understanding of causal biology underlying psychopathology, GWAS results are poised to inform the development of novel therapeutics, stratification of at-risk patients, and perhaps even the revision of top-down classification systems in psychiatry. Here, we provide a concise review of GWAS findings with an emphasis on findings that have elucidated the shared genetic etiology of psychopathology, summarizing insights at three levels of analysis: 1) genome-wide architecture; 2) networks, pathways, and gene sets; and 3) individual variants/genes. Three themes emerge from these efforts. First, all psychiatric phenotypes are heritable, highly polygenic, and influenced by many pleiotropic variants with incomplete penetrance. Second, GWAS results highlight the broad etiological roles of neuronal biology, system-wide effects over localized effects, and early neurodevelopment as a critical period. Third, many loci that are robustly associated with multiple forms of psychopathology harbor genes that are involved in synaptic structure and function. Finally, we conclude our review by discussing the implications that GWAS results hold for the field of psychiatry, as well as expected challenges and future directions in the next stage of psychiatric genetics.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 2","pages":"1645-1665"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9988537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9464039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contribution of adaptive immunity to human COPD and experimental models of emphysema. 适应性免疫对人类慢性阻塞性肺病和肺气肿实验模型的贡献。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2021

Farrah Kheradmand, Yun Zhang, David B Corry

{"title":"Contribution of adaptive immunity to human COPD and experimental models of emphysema.","authors":"Farrah Kheradmand, Yun Zhang, David B Corry","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00036.2021","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00036.2021","url":null,"abstract":"The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the undisputed role of innate immune cells in this condition have dominated the field in the basic research arena for many years. Recently, however, compelling data suggesting that adaptive immune cells may also contribute to the progressive nature of lung destruction associated with COPD in smokers have gained considerable attention. The histopathological changes in the lungs of smokers can be limited to the large or small airways, but alveolar loss leading to emphysema, which occurs in some individuals, remains its most significant and irreversible outcome. Critically, however, the question of why emphysema progresses in a subset of former smokers remained a mystery for many years. The recognition of activated and organized tertiary T- and B-lymphoid aggregates in emphysematous lungs provided the first clue that adaptive immune cells may play a crucial role in COPD pathophysiology. Based on these findings from human translational studies, experimental animal models of emphysema were used to determine the mechanisms through which smoke exposure initiates and orchestrates adaptive autoreactive inflammation in the lungs. These models have revealed that T helper (Th)1 and Th17 subsets promote a positive feedback loop that activates innate immune cells, confirming their role in emphysema pathogenesis. Results from genetic studies and immune-based discoveries have further provided strong evidence for autoimmunity induction in smokers with emphysema. These new findings offer a novel opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory landscape in the COPD lung and offer insights for development of precision-based treatment to halt lung destruction.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 2","pages":"1059-1093"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10696504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The elusive cephalic phase insulin response: triggers, mechanisms, and functions. 难以捉摸的头相胰岛素反应：诱因、机制和功能。

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2022

Wolfgang Langhans, Alan G Watts, Alan C Spector

{"title":"The elusive cephalic phase insulin response: triggers, mechanisms, and functions.","authors":"Wolfgang Langhans, Alan G Watts, Alan C Spector","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00025.2022","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00025.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) is classically defined as a head receptor-induced early release of insulin during eating that precedes a postabsorptive rise in blood glucose. Here we discuss, first, the various stimuli that elicit the CPIR and the sensory signaling pathways (sensory limb) involved; second, the efferent pathways that control the various endocrine events associated with eating (motor limb); and third, what is known about the central integrative processes linking the sensory and motor limbs. Fourth, in doing so, we identify open questions and problems with respect to the CPIR in general. Specifically, we consider test conditions that allow, or may not allow, the stimulus to reach the potentially relevant taste receptors and to trigger a CPIR. The possible significance of sweetness and palatability as crucial stimulus features and whether conditioning plays a role in the CPIR are also discussed. Moreover, we ponder the utility of the strict classical CPIR definition based on what is known about the effects of vagal motor neuron activation and thereby acetylcholine on the β-cells, together with the difficulties of the accurate assessment of insulin release. Finally, we weigh the evidence of the physiological and clinical relevance of the cephalic contribution to the release of insulin that occurs during and after a meal. These points are critical for the interpretation of the existing data, and they support a sharper focus on the role of head receptors in the overall insulin response to eating rather than relying solely on the classical CPIR definition.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 2","pages":"1423-1485"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9942918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9614940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction. 舌头生理学，强调味觉传导。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2022

Máire E Doyle, Hasitha U Premathilake, Qin Yao, Caio H Mazucanti, Josephine M Egan

{"title":"Physiology of the tongue with emphasis on taste transduction.","authors":"Máire E Doyle, Hasitha U Premathilake, Qin Yao, Caio H Mazucanti, Josephine M Egan","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00012.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00012.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The tongue is a complex multifunctional organ that interacts and senses both interoceptively and exteroceptively. Although it is easily visible to almost all of us, it is relatively understudied and what is in the literature is often contradictory or is not comprehensively reported. The tongue is both a motor and a sensory organ: motor in that it is required for speech and mastication, and sensory in that it receives information to be relayed to the central nervous system pertaining to the safety and quality of the contents of the oral cavity. Additionally, the tongue and its taste apparatus form part of an innate immune surveillance system. For example, loss or alteration in taste perception can be an early indication of infection as became evident during the present global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we particularly emphasize the latest updates in the mechanisms of taste perception, taste bud formation and adult taste bud renewal, and the presence and effects of hormones on taste perception, review the understudied lingual immune system with specific reference to SARS-CoV-2, discuss nascent work on tongue microbiome, as well as address the effect of systemic disease on tongue structure and function, especially in relation to taste.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 2","pages":"1193-1246"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9942923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9083947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Multisystem physiological perspective of human frailty and its modulation by physical activity. 人体虚弱的多系统生理学视角及其由体力活动调节。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2021

Joseph A Taylor, Paul L Greenhaff, David B Bartlett, Thomas A Jackson, Niharika A Duggal, Janet M Lord

{"title":"Multisystem physiological perspective of human frailty and its modulation by physical activity.","authors":"Joseph A Taylor, Paul L Greenhaff, David B Bartlett, Thomas A Jackson, Niharika A Duggal, Janet M Lord","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00037.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00037.2021","url":null,"abstract":"\"Frailty\" is a term used to refer to a state characterized by enhanced vulnerability to, and impaired recovery from, stressors compared with a nonfrail state, which is increasingly viewed as a loss of resilience. With increasing life expectancy and the associated rise in years spent with physical frailty, there is a need to understand the clinical and physiological features of frailty and the factors driving it. We describe the clinical definitions of age-related frailty and their limitations in allowing us to understand the pathogenesis of this prevalent condition. Given that age-related frailty manifests in the form of functional declines such as poor balance, falls, and immobility, as an alternative we view frailty from a physiological viewpoint and describe what is known of the organ-based components of frailty, including adiposity, the brain, and neuromuscular, skeletal muscle, immune, and cardiovascular systems, as individual systems and as components in multisystem dysregulation. By doing so we aim to highlight current understanding of the physiological phenotype of frailty and reveal key knowledge gaps and potential mechanistic drivers of the trajectory to frailty. We also review the studies in humans that have intervened with exercise to reduce frailty. We conclude that more longitudinal and interventional clinical studies are required in older adults. Such observational studies should interrogate the progression from a nonfrail to a frail state, assessing individual elements of frailty to produce a deep physiological phenotype of the syndrome. The findings will identify mechanistic drivers of frailty and allow targeted interventions to diminish frailty progression.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 2","pages":"1137-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9106531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Windows into stress: a glimpse at emerging roles for CRH^PVN neurons. 压力的窗口:对CRHPVN神经元新角色的一瞥。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00056.2021

Neilen P Rasiah, Spencer P Loewen, Jaideep S Bains

引用次数: 1

The enteric nervous system. 肠道神经系统

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2022

Keith A Sharkey, Gary M Mawe

{"title":"The enteric nervous system.","authors":"Keith A Sharkey, Gary M Mawe","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00018.2022","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00018.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Of all the organ systems in the body, the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures involved, each with different functions, and the numbers and types of signaling molecules utilized. The digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water occurs in a hostile luminal environment that contains a large and diverse microbiota. At the core of regulatory control of the digestive and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract is the enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex system of neurons and glia in the gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) the intrinsic neural control of gut functions involved in digestion and 2) how the ENS interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. We highlight developments that have revolutionized our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of enteric neural control. These include a new understanding of the molecular architecture of the ENS, the organization and function of enteric motor circuits, and the roles of enteric glia. We explore the transduction of luminal stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, the regulation of intestinal barrier function by enteric neurons and glia, local immune control by the ENS, and the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the ENS. Multifunctional enteric neurons work together with enteric glial cells, macrophages, interstitial cells, and enteroendocrine cells integrating an array of signals to initiate outputs that are precisely regulated in space and time to control digestion and intestinal homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"103 2","pages":"1487-1564"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9970663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9469295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0