Physiological reviews最新文献_第10页

The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. FGF/FGFR系统在前列腺生理病理中的作用。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020

Arianna Giacomini, Elisabetta Grillo, Sara Rezzola, Domenico Ribatti, Marco Rusnati, Roberto Ronca, Marco Presta

{"title":"The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland.","authors":"Arianna Giacomini, Elisabetta Grillo, Sara Rezzola, Domenico Ribatti, Marco Rusnati, Roberto Ronca, Marco Presta","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00005.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00005.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"101 2","pages":"569-610"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1152/physrev.00005.2020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38216920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Molecular Physiology of Bile Acid Signaling in Health, Disease, and Aging. 胆汁酸信号在健康、疾病和衰老中的分子生理学研究。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-13 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2019

Alessia Perino, Hadrien Demagny, Laura Velazquez-Villegas, Kristina Schoonjans

引用次数: 137

Moving Immune Therapy Forward Targeting TME. 针对TME的免疫治疗向前发展。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-13 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2020

Kayla F Goliwas, Jessy S Deshane, Craig A Elmets, Mohammad Athar

{"title":"Moving Immune Therapy Forward Targeting TME.","authors":"Kayla F Goliwas, Jessy S Deshane, Craig A Elmets, Mohammad Athar","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00008.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00008.2020","url":null,"abstract":"The host immune system shapes the fate of tumor progression. Hence, manipulating patients' immune system to activate host immune responses against cancer pathogenesis is a promising strategy to develop effective therapeutic interventions for metastatic and drug-resistant cancers. Understanding the dynamic mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that contribute to heterogeneity and metabolic plasticity is essential to enhance the patients' responsiveness to immune targeted therapies. Riera-Domingo et al. (Riera-Domingo C, Audige A, Granja S, Cheng WC, Ho PC, Baltazar F, Stockmann C, Mazzone, M. Physiol Rev 100: 1-102, 2020) describe the immune landscape within the TME and highlight the significance of metabolic and hypoxic signatures that impact immune function and response to immunotherapy strategies. Current literature in this field confirms that targeting tumor metabolism and the acidic microenvironment commonly associated with tumors may present viable strategies to modulate the host immune system in favor of response to immune targeted therapies. However, development of better tools to understand tumor-immune interactions and identify mechanisms driving nonresponders, more innovative clinical trial design, and new therapies will need to be identified to move the field forward. Personalized immune therapies incorporating metabolic and microbiome-based gene signatures to influence the therapeutic response and novel methods to generate immunologically \"hot\" tumors are at the forefront of immunotherapy currently. The combination of these approaches with clinically approved immunotherapies will be valuable moving forward.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"101 2","pages":"417-425"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1152/physrev.00008.2020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38260732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Inflammation and thrombosis in COVID-19 pathophysiology: proteinase-activated and purinergic receptors as drivers and candidate therapeutic targets. COVID-19的炎症和血栓病理生理:蛋白酶激活和嘌呤能受体作为驱动因素和候选治疗靶点。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-10-30 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00035.2020

Krishna Sriram, Paul A Insel

{"title":"Inflammation and thrombosis in COVID-19 pathophysiology: proteinase-activated and purinergic receptors as drivers and candidate therapeutic targets.","authors":"Krishna Sriram, Paul A Insel","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00035.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00035.2020","url":null,"abstract":"Evolving information has identified disease mechanisms and dysregulation of host biology that might be targeted therapeutically in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thrombosis and coagulopathy, associated with pulmonary injury and inflammation, are emerging clinical features of COVID-19. We present a framework for mechanisms of thrombosis in COVID-19 that initially derive from interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2, resulting in dysregulation of angiotensin signaling and subsequent inflammation and tissue injury. These responses result in increased signaling by thrombin (proteinase-activated) and purinergic receptors, which promote platelet activation and exert pathological effects on other cell types (e.g., endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts), further enhancing inflammation and injury. Inhibitors of thrombin and purinergic receptors may, thus, have therapeutic effects by blunting platelet-mediated thromboinflammation and dysfunction in other cell types. Such inhibitors include agents (e.g., anti-platelet drugs) approved for other indications, and that could be repurposed to treat, and potentially improve the outcome of, COVID-19 patients. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, drives dysregulation of angiotensin signaling, which, in turn, increases thrombin-mediated and purinergic-mediated activation of platelets and increase in inflammation. This thromboinflammation impacts the lungs and can also have systemic effects. Inhibitors of receptors that drive platelet activation or inhibitors of the coagulation cascade provide opportunities to treat COVID-19 thromboinflammation.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"101 2","pages":"545-567"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1152/physrev.00035.2020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38553010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

Sympathetic and Sensory-Motor Nerves in Peripheral Small Arteries. 外周小动脉的交感神经和感觉运动神经。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2020

Christian Aalkjær, Holger Nilsson, Jo G R De Mey

引用次数: 25

BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF PAVLOVIAN AND INSTRUMENTAL EXTINCTION LEARNING. 巴甫洛维的行为和神经生物学机制以及工具性灭绝学习。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-24 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2020

Mark E Bouton, Stephen Maren, Gavan P McNally

{"title":"BEHAVIORAL AND NEUROBIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF PAVLOVIAN AND INSTRUMENTAL EXTINCTION LEARNING.","authors":"Mark E Bouton, Stephen Maren, Gavan P McNally","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00016.2020","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00016.2020","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning decreases in strength when the outcome that reinforced it is removed. Behavioral research indicates that neither Pavlovian nor operant extinction depends substantially on erasure of the original learning but instead depends on new inhibitory learning that is primarily expressed in the context in which it is learned, as exemplified by the renewal effect. Although the nature of the inhibition may differ in Pavlovian and operant extinction, in either case the decline in responding may depend on both generalization decrement and the correction of prediction error. At the neural level, Pavlovian extinction requires a tripartite neural circuit involving the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Synaptic plasticity in the amygdala is essential for extinction learning, and prefrontal cortical inhibition of amygdala neurons encoding fear memories is involved in extinction retrieval. Hippocampal-prefrontal circuits mediate fear relapse phenomena, including renewal. Instrumental extinction involves distinct ensembles in corticostriatal, striatopallidal, and striatohypothalamic circuits as well as their thalamic returns for inhibitory (extinction) and excitatory (renewal and other relapse phenomena) control over operant responding. The field has made significant progress in recent decades, although a fully integrated biobehavioral understanding still awaits.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"101 2","pages":"611-681"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1152/physrev.00016.2020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38515292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 129

Role of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification in Cellular (Patho)Physiology. o -连接n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖蛋白修饰在细胞(病理)生理中的作用。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2019

John C Chatham, Jianhua Zhang, Adam R Wende

{"title":"Role of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification in Cellular (Patho)Physiology.","authors":"John C Chatham, Jianhua Zhang, Adam R Wende","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00043.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00043.2019","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-1980s, the identification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins modified by a N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) via an O-linkage overturned the widely held assumption that glycosylation only occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory pathways. In contrast to traditional glycosylation, the O-GlcNAc modification does not lead to complex, branched glycan structures and is rapidly cycled on and off proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Since its discovery, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions, including signaling, protein localization and stability, transcription, chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial function, and cell survival. Dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling has been implicated in the progression of a wide range of diseases, such as diabetes, diabetic complications, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will outline our current understanding of the processes involved in regulating O-GlcNAc turnover, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cellular physiology, and how dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to pathophysiological processes.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"101 2","pages":"427-493"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1152/physrev.00043.2019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38210151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 98

Phosphate Transport in Epithelial and Nonepithelial Tissue. 磷酸盐在上皮组织和非上皮组织中的转运。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2019

Nati Hernando, Kenneth Gagnon, Eleanor Lederer

{"title":"Phosphate Transport in Epithelial and Nonepithelial Tissue.","authors":"Nati Hernando, Kenneth Gagnon, Eleanor Lederer","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00008.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00008.2019","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate is an essential nutrient for life and is a critical component of bone formation, a major signaling molecule, and structural component of cell walls. Phosphate is also a component of high-energy compounds (i.e., AMP, ADP, and ATP) and essential for nucleic acid helical structure (i.e., RNA and DNA). Phosphate plays a central role in the process of mineralization, normal serum levels being associated with appropriate bone mineralization, while high and low serum levels are associated with soft tissue calcification. The serum concentration of phosphate and the total body content of phosphate are highly regulated, a process that is accomplished by the coordinated effort of two families of sodium-dependent transporter proteins. The three isoforms of the SLC34 family (SLC34A1-A3) show very restricted tissue expression and regulate intestinal absorption and renal excretion of phosphate. SLC34A2 also regulates the phosphate concentration in multiple lumen fluids including milk, saliva, pancreatic fluid, and surfactant. Both isoforms of the SLC20 family exhibit ubiquitous expression (with some variation as to which one or both are expressed), are regulated by ambient phosphate, and likely serve the phosphate needs of the individual cell. These proteins exhibit similarities to phosphate transporters in nonmammalian organisms. The proteins are nonredundant as mutations in each yield unique clinical presentations. Further research is essential to understand the function, regulation, and coordination of the various phosphate transporters, both the ones described in this review and the phosphate transporters involved in intracellular transport.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"101 1","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1152/physrev.00008.2019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37888420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 41

Pregnancy and COVID-19. 怀孕和COVID-19。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-24 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2020

Elizabeth A N Wastnedge, Rebecca M Reynolds, Sara R van Boeckel, Sarah J Stock, Fiona C Denison, Jacqueline A Maybin, Hilary O D Critchley

{"title":"Pregnancy and COVID-19.","authors":"Elizabeth A N Wastnedge, Rebecca M Reynolds, Sara R van Boeckel, Sarah J Stock, Fiona C Denison, Jacqueline A Maybin, Hilary O D Critchley","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00024.2020","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00024.2020","url":null,"abstract":"There are many unknowns for pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinical experience of pregnancies complicated with infection by other coronaviruses e.g., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, has led to pregnant woman being considered potentially vulnerable to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Physiological changes during pregnancy have a significant impact on the immune system, respiratory system, cardiovascular function, and coagulation. These may have positive or negative effects on COVID-19 disease progression. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy remains to be determined, and a concerted, global effort is required to determine the effects on implantation, fetal growth and development, labor, and neonatal health. Asymptomatic infection presents a further challenge regarding service provision, prevention, and management. Besides the direct impacts of the disease, a plethora of indirect consequences of the pandemic adversely affect maternal health, including reduced access to reproductive health services, increased mental health strain, and increased socioeconomic deprivation. In this review, we explore the current knowledge of COVID-19 in pregnancy and highlight areas for further research to minimize its impact for women and their children.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"101 1","pages":"303-318"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7686875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38413971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiac Mechano-Electric Coupling: Acute Effects of Mechanical Stimulation on Heart Rate and Rhythm. 心脏机电耦合:机械刺激对心率和节律的急性影响。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-07 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2019

T Alexander Quinn, Peter Kohl

{"title":"Cardiac Mechano-Electric Coupling: Acute Effects of Mechanical Stimulation on Heart Rate and Rhythm.","authors":"T Alexander Quinn, Peter Kohl","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00036.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00036.2019","url":null,"abstract":"The heart is vital for biological function in almost all chordates, including humans. It beats continually throughout our life, supplying the body with oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. If it stops, so does life. The heartbeat involves precise coordination of the activity of billions of individual cells, as well as their swift and well-coordinated adaption to changes in physiological demand. Much of the vital control of cardiac function occurs at the level of individual cardiac muscle cells, including acute beat-by-beat feedback from the local mechanical environment to electrical activity (as opposed to longer term changes in gene expression and functional or structural remodeling). This process is known as mechano-electric coupling (MEC). In the current review, we present evidence for, and implications of, MEC in health and disease in human; summarize our understanding of MEC effects gained from whole animal, organ, tissue, and cell studies; identify potential molecular mediators of MEC responses; and demonstrate the power of computational modeling in developing a more comprehensive understanding of ‟what makes the heart tick.ˮ.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"101 1","pages":"37-92"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1152/physrev.00036.2019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37912550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 75