听觉处理中的适应。

IF 29.9 1区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Benjamin D B Willmore, Andrew J King
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引用次数: 8

摘要

适应是听觉神经元的一个基本特征,它减少了它们对不变和反复出现的声音的反应,并使它们的反应特性与到达耳朵的不断变化的声音统计相匹配。因此,听觉系统的处理突出了新奇的或不可预测的声音,并通过不断调整灵敏度,在较小程度上,神经元对最常见的刺激值的调节特性,产生了动物可以感知的大量声音的有效表征。与注意调制一起,对声音统计的适应也有助于产生耐受背景噪声的声音神经表征,因此在听觉场景分析中起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中,我们考虑了听觉系统中发现的各种形式的适应,包括它们产生的加工水平,潜在的神经机制,以及它们对神经编码和感知的影响。我们也想知道适应的动态,它可以发生在多个时间尺度上,揭示了环境的统计特性。最后,我们研究了对声音统计的适应如何受到学习和经验的影响,以及由于衰老和听力损失而产生的变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Adaptation in auditory processing.

Adaptation in auditory processing.

Adaptation in auditory processing.

Adaptation in auditory processing.

Adaptation is an essential feature of auditory neurons, which reduces their responses to unchanging and recurring sounds and allows their response properties to be matched to the constantly changing statistics of sounds that reach the ears. As a consequence, processing in the auditory system highlights novel or unpredictable sounds and produces an efficient representation of the vast range of sounds that animals can perceive by continually adjusting the sensitivity and, to a lesser extent, the tuning properties of neurons to the most commonly encountered stimulus values. Together with attentional modulation, adaptation to sound statistics also helps to generate neural representations of sound that are tolerant to background noise and therefore plays a vital role in auditory scene analysis. In this review, we consider the diverse forms of adaptation that are found in the auditory system in terms of the processing levels at which they arise, the underlying neural mechanisms, and their impact on neural coding and perception. We also ask what the dynamics of adaptation, which can occur over multiple timescales, reveal about the statistical properties of the environment. Finally, we examine how adaptation to sound statistics is influenced by learning and experience and changes as a result of aging and hearing loss.

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来源期刊
Physiological reviews
Physiological reviews 医学-生理学
CiteScore
56.50
自引率
0.90%
发文量
53
期刊介绍: Physiological Reviews is a highly regarded journal that covers timely issues in physiological and biomedical sciences. It is targeted towards physiologists, neuroscientists, cell biologists, biophysicists, and clinicians with a special interest in pathophysiology. The journal has an ISSN of 0031-9333 for print and 1522-1210 for online versions. It has a unique publishing frequency where articles are published individually, but regular quarterly issues are also released in January, April, July, and October. The articles in this journal provide state-of-the-art and comprehensive coverage of various topics. They are valuable for teaching and research purposes as they offer interesting and clearly written updates on important new developments. Physiological Reviews holds a prominent position in the scientific community and consistently ranks as the most impactful journal in the field of physiology.
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