Physiological reviews最新文献_第6页

Modulating vertebrate physiology by genomic fine-tuning of GPCR functions. 通过基因组微调 GPCR 功能调节脊椎动物的生理学。

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2024

Torsten Schöneberg

{"title":"Modulating vertebrate physiology by genomic fine-tuning of GPCR functions.","authors":"Torsten Schöneberg","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00017.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00017.2024","url":null,"abstract":"G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a crucial role as membrane receptors, facilitating the communication of eukaryotic species with their environment and regulating cellular and organ interactions. Consequently, GPCRs hold immense potential in contributing to adaptation to ecological niches and responding to environmental shifts. Comparative analyses of vertebrate genomes reveal patterns of GPCR gene loss, expansion, and signatures of selection. Integrating these genomic data with insights from functional analyses of gene variants enables the interpretation of genotype-phenotype correlations. This review underscores the involvement of GPCRs in adaptive processes, presenting numerous examples of how alterations in GPCR functionality influence vertebrate physiology or, conversely, how environmental changes impact GPCR functions. The findings demonstrate that modifications in GPCR function contribute to adapting to aquatic, arid, and nocturnal habitats, influencing camouflage strategies, and specializing in particular dietary preferences. Furthermore, the adaptability of GPCR functions provides an effective mechanism in facilitating past, recent, or ongoing adaptations in animal domestication and human evolution and should be considered in therapeutic strategies and drug development.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"383-439"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipids shape brain function through ion channel and receptor modulations: physiological mechanisms and clinical perspectives. 脂质通过离子通道和受体调节影响大脑功能：生理机制和临床视角。

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2024

Salvatore Incontro, Maria Laura Musella, Malika Sammari, Coralie Di Scala, Jacques Fantini, Dominique Debanne

引用次数: 0

The neurobiology of parenting and infant-evoked aggression. 养育子女与婴儿攻击行为的神经生物学》（The Neurobiology of Parenting and Infant-Evoked Aggression.

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2023

Harris S Kaplan, Patricia M Horvath, Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman, Catherine Dulac

{"title":"The neurobiology of parenting and infant-evoked aggression.","authors":"Harris S Kaplan, Patricia M Horvath, Mohammed Mostafizur Rahman, Catherine Dulac","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00036.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00036.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Parenting behavior comprises a variety of adult-infant and adult-adult interactions across multiple timescales. The state transition from nonparent to parent requires an extensive reorganization of individual priorities and physiology and is facilitated by combinatorial hormone action on specific cell types that are integrated throughout interconnected and brainwide neuronal circuits. In this review, we take a comprehensive approach to integrate historical and current literature on each of these topics across multiple species, with a focus on rodents. New and emerging molecular, circuit-based, and computational technologies have recently been used to address outstanding gaps in our current framework of knowledge on infant-directed behavior. This work is raising fundamental questions about the interplay between instinctive and learned components of parenting and the mutual regulation of affiliative versus agonistic infant-directed behaviors in health and disease. Whenever possible, we point to how these technologies have helped gain novel insights and opened new avenues of research into the neurobiology of parenting. We hope this review will serve as an introduction for those new to the field, a comprehensive resource for those already studying parenting, and a guidepost for designing future studies.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"315-381"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mammalian copper homeostasis: physiological roles and molecular mechanisms. 哺乳动物的铜平衡：生理作用和分子机制。

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2024

Svetlana Lutsenko, Shubhrajit Roy, Peter Tsvetkov

{"title":"Mammalian copper homeostasis: physiological roles and molecular mechanisms.","authors":"Svetlana Lutsenko, Shubhrajit Roy, Peter Tsvetkov","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00011.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00011.2024","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, evidence for the numerous roles of copper (Cu) in mammalian physiology has grown exponentially. The discoveries of Cu involvement in cell signaling, autophagy, cell motility, differentiation, and regulated cell death (cuproptosis) have markedly extended the list of already known functions of Cu, such as a cofactor of essential metabolic enzymes, a protein structural component, and a regulator of protein trafficking. Novel and unexpected functions of Cu transporting proteins and enzymes have been identified, and new disorders of Cu homeostasis have been described. Significant progress has been made in the mechanistic studies of two classic disorders of Cu metabolism, Menkes disease and Wilson's disease, which paved the way for novel approaches to their treatment. The discovery of cuproptosis and the role of Cu in cell metastatic growth have markedly increased interest in targeting Cu homeostatic pathways to treat cancer. In this review, we summarize the established concepts in the field of mammalian Cu physiology and discuss how new discoveries of the past decade expand and modify these concepts. The roles of Cu in brain metabolism and in cell functional speciation and a recently discovered regulated cell death have attracted significant attention and are highlighted in this review.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"441-491"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11918410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The calculating brain. 会计算的大脑

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2024

Andreas Nieder

{"title":"The calculating brain.","authors":"Andreas Nieder","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00014.2024","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00014.2024","url":null,"abstract":"The human brain possesses neural networks and mechanisms enabling the representation of numbers, basic arithmetic operations, and mathematical reasoning. Without the ability to represent numerical quantity and perform calculations, our scientifically and technically advanced culture would not exist. However, the origins of numerical abilities are grounded in an intuitive understanding of quantity deeply rooted in biology. Nevertheless, more advanced symbolic arithmetic skills require a cultural background with formal mathematical education. In the past two decades, cognitive neuroscience has seen significant progress in understanding the workings of the calculating brain through various methods and model systems. This review begins by exploring the mental and neuronal representations of nonsymbolic numerical quantity and then progresses to symbolic representations acquired in childhood. During arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), these representations are processed and transformed according to arithmetic rules and principles, leveraging different mental strategies and types of arithmetic knowledge that can be dissociated in the brain. Although it was once believed that number processing and calculation originated from the language faculty, it is now evident that mathematical and linguistic abilities are primarily processed independently in the brain. Understanding how the healthy brain processes numerical information is crucial for gaining insights into debilitating numerical disorders, including acquired conditions like acalculia and learning-related calculation disorders such as developmental dyscalculia.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"267-314"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motor Control on the Move - from Insights in Insects to General Mechanisms 运动中的运动控制——从昆虫的见解到一般机制

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2024

Ansgar Büschges, Jan M. Ache

引用次数: 0

Ferroptosis: when metabolism meets cell death 铁下垂：当新陈代谢遇到细胞死亡时

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2024

Jiashuo Zheng (郑嘉烁), Marcus Conrad

引用次数: 0

Eukaryotic cell size regulation and its implications for cellular function and dysfunction. 真核细胞大小调节及其对细胞功能和功能障碍的影响。

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00046.2023

Yagya Chadha, Arohi Khurana, Kurt M Schmoller

{"title":"Eukaryotic cell size regulation and its implications for cellular function and dysfunction.","authors":"Yagya Chadha, Arohi Khurana, Kurt M Schmoller","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00046.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00046.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on cell type, environmental inputs, and disease, the cells in the human body can have widely different sizes. In recent years, it has become clear that cell size is a major regulator of cell function. However, we are only beginning to understand how the optimization of cell function determines a given cell's optimal size. Here, we review currently known size control strategies of eukaryotic cells and the intricate link of cell size to intracellular biomolecular scaling, organelle homeostasis, and cell cycle progression. We detail the cell size-dependent regulation of early development and the impact of cell size on cell differentiation. Given the importance of cell size for normal cellular physiology, cell size control must account for changing environmental conditions. We describe how cells sense environmental stimuli, such as nutrient availability, and accordingly adapt their size by regulating cell growth and cell cycle progression. Moreover, we discuss the correlation of pathological states with misregulation of cell size and how for a long time this was considered a downstream consequence of cellular dysfunction. We review newer studies that reveal a reversed causality, with misregulated cell size leading to pathophysiological phenotypes such as senescence and aging. In summary, we highlight the important roles of cell size in cellular function and dysfunction, which could have major implications for both diagnostics and treatment in the clinic.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1679-1717"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11495193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides: from host defense to therapeutic strategies. 肺部抗菌蛋白和肽：从宿主防御到治疗策略。

IF 28.7 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2023

Yuanpu Peter Di, Jenna Marie Kuhn, Maria Luisa Mangoni

{"title":"Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides: from host defense to therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Yuanpu Peter Di, Jenna Marie Kuhn, Maria Luisa Mangoni","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00039.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00039.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Representing severe morbidity and mortality globally, respiratory infections associated with chronic respiratory diseases, including complicated pneumonia, asthma, interstitial lung disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are a major public health concern. Lung health and the prevention of pulmonary disease rely on the mechanisms of airway surface fluid secretion, mucociliary clearance, and adequate immune response to eradicate inhaled pathogens and particulate matter from the environment. The antimicrobial proteins and peptides contribute to maintaining an antimicrobial milieu in human lungs to eliminate pathogens and prevent them from causing pulmonary diseases. The predominant antimicrobial molecules of the lung environment include human α- and β-defensins and cathelicidins, among numerous other host defense molecules with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity such as PLUNC (palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone) family proteins, elafin, collectins, lactoferrin, lysozymes, mucins, secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor, surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D, and RNases. It has been demonstrated that changes in antimicrobial molecule expression levels are associated with regulating inflammation, potentiating exacerbations, pathological changes, and modifications in chronic lung disease severity. Antimicrobial molecules also display roles in both anticancer and tumorigenic effects. Lung antimicrobial proteins and peptides are promising alternative therapeutics for treating and preventing multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and anticancer therapies.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1643-1677"},"PeriodicalIF":28.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11495187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding coenzyme Q. 了解辅酶 Q

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2023

Ying Wang, Noah Lilienfeldt, Siegfried Hekimi

{"title":"Understanding coenzyme Q.","authors":"Ying Wang, Noah Lilienfeldt, Siegfried Hekimi","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00040.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00040.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, comprises a benzoquinone head group and a long isoprenoid side chain. It is thus extremely hydrophobic and resides in membranes. It is best known for its complex function as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) but is also required for several other crucial cellular processes. In fact, CoQ appears to be central to the entire redox balance of the cell. Remarkably, its structure and therefore its properties have not changed from bacteria to vertebrates. In metazoans, it is synthesized in all cells and is found in most, and maybe all, biological membranes. CoQ is also known as a nutritional supplement, mostly because of its involvement with antioxidant defenses. However, whether there is any health benefit from oral consumption of CoQ is not well established. Here we review the function of CoQ as a redox-active molecule in the ETC and other enzymatic systems, its role as a prooxidant in reactive oxygen species generation, and its separate involvement in antioxidant mechanisms. We also review CoQ biosynthesis, which is particularly complex because of its extreme hydrophobicity, as well as the biological consequences of primary and secondary CoQ deficiency, including in human patients. Primary CoQ deficiency is a rare inborn condition due to mutation in CoQ biosynthetic genes. Secondary CoQ deficiency is much more common, as it accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, including mitochondrial disorders as well as aging. In this context, we discuss the importance, but also the great difficulty, of alleviating CoQ deficiency by CoQ supplementation.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1533-1610"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11495197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0