Physiological reviews最新文献_第4页

Neuronal glucose sensing mechanisms and circuits in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion 控制胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌的神经元葡萄糖传感机制和回路

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2023

Bernard Thorens

{"title":"Neuronal glucose sensing mechanisms and circuits in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion","authors":"Bernard Thorens","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00038.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00038.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose homeostasis is mainly under the control of the pancreatic islet hormones insulin and glucagon, which, respectively, stimulate glucose uptake and utilization by liver, fat, and muscle or glucose production by the liver. The balance between the secretion of these hormones is under the control of blood glucose concentrations. Indeed, pancreatic islet b-cells and a-cells can sense variations in glycemia and respond by an appropriate secretory response to restore euglycemia. However, the secretory activity of these cells is also under multiple additional metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal signals that combine to ensure the perfect control of glycemia over a lifetime. The central nervous system (CNS), which has an almost absolute requirement for glucose as a source of metabolic energy and, thus, a vital interest in ensuring that glycemic levels never fall below ~5mM, is equipped with populations of neurons responsive to changes in glucose concentrations. These neurons control pancreatic islet cells secretion activity in multiple ways: through both branches of the autonomic nervous system, through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and by secreting vasopressin (AVP) in the blood at the level of the posterior pituitary. Here, we will present the autonomic innervation of the pancreatic islets; the mechanisms of neurons activation by a rise or a fall in glucose concentration; how current viral tracing, chemogenetic, and optogenetic techniques allow to integrate specific glucose sensing neurons in defined neuronal circuits that control endocrine pancreas function. Finally, how genetic screens in mice can untangle the diversity of the hypothalamic mechanisms controlling the response to hypoglycemia.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140648916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NETosis creates a link between diabetes and Long COVID. Netosis在糖尿病和长期新冠肺炎之间建立了联系。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2023

Alain R Thierry

引用次数: 0

Mesenchymal stromal cells for improvement of cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction: a matter of timing. 间充质基质细胞用于改善急性心肌梗死后的心脏功能：时机问题。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2023

Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire, Anne Vincent, Christian Jorgensen, Christophe Piot, Joël Nargeot, Farida Djouad

{"title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells for improvement of cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction: a matter of timing.","authors":"Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire, Anne Vincent, Christian Jorgensen, Christophe Piot, Joël Nargeot, Farida Djouad","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00009.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00009.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death and remains the most common cause of heart failure. Reopening of the occluded artery, i.e., reperfusion, is the only way to save the myocardium. However, the expected benefits of reducing infarct size are disappointing due to the reperfusion paradox, which also induces specific cell death. These ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions can account for up to 50% of final infarct size, a major determinant for both mortality and the risk of heart failure (morbidity). In this review, we provide a detailed description of the cell death and inflammation mechanisms as features of I/R injury and cardioprotective strategies such as ischemic postconditioning as well as their underlying mechanisms. Due to their biological properties, the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been considered a potential therapeutic approach in AMI. Despite promising results and evidence of safety in preclinical studies using MSCs, the effects reported in clinical trials are not conclusive and even inconsistent. These discrepancies were attributed to many parameters such as donor age, in vitro culture, and storage time as well as injection time window after AMI, which alter MSC therapeutic properties. In the context of AMI, future directions will be to generate MSCs with enhanced properties to limit cell death in myocardial tissue and thereby reduce infarct size and improve the healing phase to increase postinfarct myocardial performance.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"659-725"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10033541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CD36 as a gatekeeper of myocardial lipid metabolism and therapeutic target for metabolic disease. CD36作为心肌脂质代谢的看门人和代谢性疾病的治疗靶点。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2023

Jan F C Glatz, Lisa C Heather, Joost J F P Luiken

{"title":"CD36 as a gatekeeper of myocardial lipid metabolism and therapeutic target for metabolic disease.","authors":"Jan F C Glatz, Lisa C Heather, Joost J F P Luiken","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00011.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00011.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The multifunctional membrane glycoprotein CD36 is expressed in different types of cells and plays a key regulatory role in cellular lipid metabolism, especially in cardiac muscle. CD36 facilitates the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids, mediates lipid signaling, and regulates storage and oxidation of lipids in various tissues with active lipid metabolism. CD36 deficiency leads to marked impairments in peripheral lipid metabolism, which consequently impact on the cellular utilization of multiple different fuels because of the integrated nature of metabolism. The functional presence of CD36 at the plasma membrane is regulated by its reversible subcellular recycling from and to endosomes and is under the control of mechanical, hormonal, and nutritional factors. Aberrations in this dynamic role of CD36 are causally associated with various metabolic diseases, in particular insulin resistance, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cardiac hypertrophy. Recent research in cardiac muscle has disclosed the endosomal proton pump vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) as a key enzyme regulating subcellular CD36 recycling and being the site of interaction between various substrates to determine cellular substrate preference. In addition, evidence is accumulating that interventions targeting CD36 directly or modulating its subcellular recycling are effective for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In conclusion, subcellular CD36 localization is the major adaptive regulator of cellular uptake and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and appears a suitable target for metabolic modulation therapy to mend failing hearts.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"727-764"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50162630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cannabinoid treatments in epilepsy and seizure disorders. 大麻素治疗癫痫和癫痫。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2021

Orrin Devinsky, Nicholas A Jones, Mark O Cunningham, B Ashan P Jayasekera, Sasha Devore, Benjamin J Whalley

{"title":"Cannabinoid treatments in epilepsy and seizure disorders.","authors":"Orrin Devinsky, Nicholas A Jones, Mark O Cunningham, B Ashan P Jayasekera, Sasha Devore, Benjamin J Whalley","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00049.2021","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00049.2021","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis has been used to treat convulsions and other disorders since ancient times. In the last few decades, preclinical animal studies and clinical investigations have established the role of cannabidiol (CBD) in treating epilepsy and seizures and support potential therapeutic benefits for cannabinoids in other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we comprehensively review the role of cannabinoids in epilepsy. We briefly review the diverse physiological processes mediating the central nervous system response to cannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol, and terpenes. Next, we characterize the anti- and proconvulsive effects of cannabinoids from animal studies of acute seizures and chronic epileptogenesis. We then review the clinical literature on using cannabinoids to treat epilepsy, including anecdotal evidence and case studies as well as the more recent randomized controlled clinical trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of CBD for some types of epilepsy. Overall, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and focus future research on unanswered questions.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"591-649"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50162629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Notch1 a neglected vascular mechanosensor? Davis等人的社论。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2023

Brooke R Shepley, Anthony R Bain

引用次数: 0

Phosphodiesterase in heart and vessels: from physiology to diseases. 心脏和血管中的磷酸二酯酶——从生理学到疾病。

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2023

Qin Fu, Ying Wang, Chen Yan, Yang K Xiang

引用次数: 0

Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease. 健康和疾病中的肺内皮、tau 和淀粉样蛋白。

IF 29.9 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2023

Ron Balczon, Mike T Lin, Sarah Voth, Amy R Nelson, Jonas C Schupp, Brant M Wagener, Jean-Francois Pittet, Troy Stevens

{"title":"Lung endothelium, tau, and amyloids in health and disease.","authors":"Ron Balczon, Mike T Lin, Sarah Voth, Amy R Nelson, Jonas C Schupp, Brant M Wagener, Jean-Francois Pittet, Troy Stevens","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00006.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00006.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Lung endothelia in the arteries, capillaries, and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Lung capillaries in particular represent a unique vascular niche, with a thin yet highly restrictive alveolar-capillary barrier that optimizes gas exchange. Capillary endothelium surveys the blood while simultaneously interpreting cues initiated within the alveolus and communicated via immediately adjacent type I and type II epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes. This cell-cell communication is necessary to coordinate the immune response to lower respiratory tract infection. Recent discoveries identify an important role for the microtubule-associated protein tau that is expressed in lung capillary endothelia in the host-pathogen interaction. This endothelial tau stabilizes microtubules necessary for barrier integrity, yet infection drives production of cytotoxic tau variants that are released into the airways and circulation, where they contribute to end-organ dysfunction. Similarly, beta-amyloid is produced during infection. Beta-amyloid has antimicrobial activity, but during infection it can acquire cytotoxic activity that is deleterious to the host. The production and function of these cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are the subject of this review. Lung-derived cytotoxic tau and amyloid variants are a recently discovered mechanism of end-organ dysfunction, including neurocognitive dysfunction, during and in the aftermath of infection.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"533-587"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11281824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The microbiome: an integral player in immune homeostasis and inflammation in the respiratory tract. 微生物群:在免疫稳态和呼吸道炎症中起着不可或缺的作用。

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2023

Olaf Perdijk, Rossana Azzoni, Benjamin J Marsland

{"title":"The microbiome: an integral player in immune homeostasis and inflammation in the respiratory tract.","authors":"Olaf Perdijk, Rossana Azzoni, Benjamin J Marsland","doi":"10.1152/physrev.00020.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/physrev.00020.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade of microbiome research has highlighted its fundamental role in systemic immune and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome plays a prominent role during gestation and into early life, when maternal lifestyle factors shape immune development of the newborn. Breast milk further shapes gut colonization, supporting the development of tolerance to commensal bacteria and harmless antigens while preventing outgrowth of pathogens. Environmental microbial and lifestyle factors that disrupt this process can dysregulate immune homeostasis, predisposing infants to atopic disease and childhood asthma. In health, the low-biomass lung microbiome, together with inhaled environmental microbial constituents, establishes the immunological set point that is necessary to maintain pulmonary immune defense. However, in disease perturbations to immunological and physiological processes allow the upper respiratory tract to act as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which can colonize the diseased lung and cause severe inflammation. Studying these host-microbe interactions in respiratory diseases holds great promise to stratify patients for suitable treatment regimens and biomarker discovery to predict disease progression. Preclinical studies show that commensal gut microbes are in a constant flux of cell division and death, releasing microbial constituents, metabolic by-products, and vesicles that shape the immune system and can protect against respiratory diseases. The next major advances may come from testing and utilizing these microbial factors for clinical benefit and exploiting the predictive power of the microbiome by employing multiomics analysis approaches.","PeriodicalId":20193,"journal":{"name":"Physiological reviews","volume":" ","pages":"835-879"},"PeriodicalIF":33.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138499247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution, biomechanics, and neurobiology converge to explain selective finger motor control 进化论、生物力学和神经生物学共同解释手指运动控制的选择性

IF 33.6 1区医学

Physiological reviews Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2023

Jing Xu, Firas Mawase, Marc H. Schieber

引用次数: 0